wip

public/dicts/en/article/NCE_3.json

@@ -314,13 +314,15 @@
     "id": "gohC0M",
     "title": "The longest suspension bridge",
     "titleTranslate": "最长吊桥",
-    "text": "Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme.\nHe described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.'\nThough Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal,\nfor on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.\nThe Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island.\nIt has a span of 4, 260 feet.\nThe bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.\nTwo great towers support four huge cables.\nThe towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete.\nThe platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.\nThese alone took sixteen months to build.\nAbove the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet.\nThey support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended.\nEach of the four cables contains 26, 108 lengths of wire.\nIt has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity.\nHowever, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge.\nDespite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant,\nfulfilling its designer's dream to creat 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.",
-    "textTranslate": "维拉扎诺（Verrazano）是一位鲜为人知的意大利人。他在1524年航行至纽约港，并将其命名为“昂古莱姆”（Angouleme）。\n他将其描述为“一个非常宜人的地方，位于两座小山之间；这两座小山中间流淌着一条大河。”\n虽然维拉扎诺绝不能被视为一位伟大的探险家，但他的名字很可能会永垂不朽。\n因为在1964年11月21日，世界上最长的悬索桥被以他的名字命名。\n维拉扎诺大桥（Verrazano Bridge）由奥特马尔·阿曼（Othmar Ammann）设计，它连接了布鲁克林（Brooklyn）和斯塔滕岛（Staten Island）。\n它的跨度为 4,260 英尺。\n这座桥非常长，以至于设计者必须考虑到地球的曲率。\n两座高大的塔架支撑着四根巨大的缆绳。\n这些塔架建在巨大的水下平台上，这些平台由钢铁和混凝土制成。\n这些平台延伸至海面下100英尺以上的深度。\n仅这些部分的建设就花费了十六个月的时间。\n在水面之上，这些塔楼的高度接近700英尺。\n它们支撑着悬挂着桥梁的缆绳。\n这四根缆绳中的每一根都包含26,108股钢丝。\n据估计，即使这座桥上挤满了汽车，它所承载的重量也仅相当于其总承载能力的三分之一。\n然而，这座桥的重要性并不仅仅体现在它的规模和承重能力上。\n尽管它规模庞大，但它却既简洁又优雅。\n实现了设计师的梦想：创造出一个“尽可能轻描淡写地勾勒出的庞然大物”。",
+    "text": "Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. \nHe described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' \nThough Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, \nfor on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.\n\nThe Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. \nIt has a span of 4, 260 feet. \nThe bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. \nTwo great towers support four huge cables. \nThe towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. \nThe platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. \nThese alone took sixteen months to build. \nAbove the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. \nThey support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. \nEach of the four cables contains 26, 108 lengths of wire. \nIt has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. \nHowever, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. \nDespite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, \nfulfilling its designer's dream to creat 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.",
+    "textTranslate": "维拉扎诺（Verrazano）是一位鲜为人知的意大利人。他在1524年航行至纽约港，并将其命名为“昂古莱姆”（Angouleme）。 \n他将其描述为“一个非常宜人的地方，位于两座小山之间；这两座小山中间流淌着一条大河。” \n虽然维拉扎诺绝不能被视为一位伟大的探险家，但他的名字很可能会永垂不朽。 \n因为在1964年11月21日，世界上最长的悬索桥被以他的名字命名。 \n\n维拉扎诺大桥（Verrazano Bridge）由奥特马尔·阿曼（Othmar Ammann）设计，它连接了布鲁克林（Brooklyn）和斯塔滕岛（Staten Island）。 \n它的跨度为 4,260 英尺。 \n这座桥非常长，以至于设计者必须考虑到地球的曲率。 \n两座高大的塔架支撑着四根巨大的缆绳。 \n这些塔架建在巨大的水下平台上，这些平台由钢铁和混凝土制成。 \n这些平台延伸至海面下100英尺以上的深度。 \n仅这些部分的建设就花费了十六个月的时间。 \n在水面之上，这些塔楼的高度接近700英尺。 \n它们支撑着悬挂着桥梁的缆绳。 \n这四根缆绳中的每一根都包含26,108股钢丝。 \n据估计，即使这座桥上挤满了汽车，它所承载的重量也仅相当于其总承载能力的三分之一。 \n然而，这座桥的重要性并不仅仅体现在它的规模和承重能力上。 \n尽管它规模庞大，但它却既简洁又优雅。 \n实现了设计师的梦想：创造出一个“尽可能轻描淡写地勾勒出的庞然大物”。",
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-    "textAllWords": [],
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     "question": {
       "start": 12.3,
       "text": "How is the bridge supported?",
@@ -332,13 +334,15 @@
     "id": "pLBpXi",
     "title": "Electric currents in modern art",
     "titleTranslate": "现代艺术电流",
-    "text": "Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more.\nThe idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken.\nEven people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places.\nStrange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.\nWe have got quite used to them.\nSome so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years.\nIn spite of this, some people--including myself--were surprised by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture.\nThe first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: 'Do not touch the exhibits, some of them are dangerous!'\nThe objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture.\nOddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody.\nThese objects, however, were different.\nLined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres.\nThe spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time.\nIn the centre of the hall,\nthere were a number of tall structures which contained coloured lights.\nThese lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad.\nSparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily.\nIt was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment.\nThese peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well!",
-    "textTranslate": "现代雕塑已很少再让我们感到惊讶。\n认为现代艺术只能在博物馆里看到，这种看法是错误的。\n即使对艺术毫无兴趣的人，也不可能注意不到公共场所里展出的现代雕塑。\n奇形怪状的雕塑矗立在花园里、建筑物和商店外面。\n我们已经习惯了它们的存在。\n有些所谓的“现代”艺术品已经展出了近八十年。\n尽管如此，包括我在内的一些人，还是被最近的一场现代雕塑展览所震撼。\n当我走进艺术画廊时，首先看到的是一张告示，上面写着：“请勿触摸展品，其中一些具有危险性！”\n展出的作品都是动态雕塑。\n那些形状奇特、悬挂在天花板上的物体，会随着一阵风吹动而移动——这种景象对每个人来说都十分熟悉。\n然而，这些物体有所不同。\n靠墙排列着一排排细长的金属丝，每根都连接着一个金属球。\n这些球体被磁化了，因此它们会不断地相互吸引或相互排斥。\n在大厅的中央，\n矗立着许多高大的结构，上面装有彩色的灯光。\n这些灯光不停地闪烁，就像那些失控的交通信号灯一样。\n从小巧的黑色盒子中迸发出火花；红色的灯泡则愤怒地闪烁着。\n这有点像一场展示史前电子设备的展览。\n这些奇特的设计不仅旨在从情感上震撼人们，还似乎能够给他们带来电击般的刺激！",
+    "text": "Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. \nThe idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. \nEven people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. \nStrange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. \nWe have got quite used to them. \nSome so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years.\n\nIn spite of this, some people--including myself--were surprised by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture. \nThe first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: 'Do not touch the exhibits, some of them are dangerous!' \nThe objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture. \nOddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. \nThese objects, however, were different. \nLined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. \nThe spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time. \nIn the centre of the hall, \nthere were a number of tall structures which contained coloured lights. \nThese lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad. \nSparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily. \nIt was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment. \nThese peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well!",
+    "textTranslate": "现代雕塑已很少再让我们感到惊讶。 \n认为现代艺术只能在博物馆里看到，这种看法是错误的。 \n即使对艺术毫无兴趣的人，也不可能注意不到公共场所里展出的现代雕塑。 \n奇形怪状的雕塑矗立在花园里、建筑物和商店外面。 \n我们已经习惯了它们的存在。 \n有些所谓的“现代”艺术品已经展出了近八十年。 \n\n尽管如此，包括我在内的一些人，还是被最近的一场现代雕塑展览所震撼。 \n当我走进艺术画廊时，首先看到的是一张告示，上面写着：“请勿触摸展品，其中一些具有危险性！” \n展出的作品都是动态雕塑。 \n那些形状奇特、悬挂在天花板上的物体，会随着一阵风吹动而移动——这种景象对每个人来说都十分熟悉。 \n然而，这些物体有所不同。 \n靠墙排列着一排排细长的金属丝，每根都连接着一个金属球。 \n这些球体被磁化了，因此它们会不断地相互吸引或相互排斥。 \n在大厅的中央， \n矗立着许多高大的结构，上面装有彩色的灯光。 \n这些灯光不停地闪烁，就像那些失控的交通信号灯一样。 \n从小巧的黑色盒子中迸发出火花；红色的灯泡则愤怒地闪烁着。 \n这有点像一场展示史前电子设备的展览。 \n这些奇特的设计不仅旨在从情感上震撼人们，还似乎能够给他们带来电击般的刺激！",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/18－Electric Currents in Modern Art.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.09,
       "text": "How might some of the exhibits have been dangerous?",
@@ -350,13 +354,15 @@
     "id": "zoGtTl",
     "title": "A very dear cat",
     "titleTranslate": "一条贵重的宝贝猫",
-    "text": "Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay's cat.\nMrs. Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years.\nRastus leads an orderly life.\nHe usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock.\nOne evening, however he failed to arrive.\nMrs. Ramsay got very worried.\nShe looked everywhere for him but could not find him.\nThree days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter.\nThe writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom of ￡1, 000.\nMrs.Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door.\nAt first, she decided to go to the police,\nbut fearing that she would never see Rastus again--the letter had made that quite clear--she changed her mind.\nShe withdrew ￡1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's instructions.\nThe next morning, the box had disappeared but Mrs.Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word.\nSure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening.\nHe looked very well, though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk.\nThe police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.\nShe explained that Rastus was very dear to her.\nConsidering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!",
-    "textTranslate": "绑匪通常对动物不感兴趣，但他们最近却对埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人的猫产生了浓厚的兴趣。\n埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人是一位非常富有的老太太，她多年来一直和她的猫拉斯图斯合住一套公寓。\n拉斯图斯的生活非常有规律。\n他通常在傍晚散会儿步，并且总是在七点前回家。\n然而，一天晚上他没有按时回家。\n拉姆齐夫人非常担心。\n她到处找他，但没能找到。\n拉斯图斯失踪三天后，拉姆齐夫人收到了一封匿名信。\n写信人声称拉斯图斯安然无恙，如果拉姆齐夫人支付1000英镑的赎金，他会立即被送回。\n拉姆齐夫人被要求把钱放在一个纸板箱里，然后把它放在门外。\n起初，她决定去报警，\n但害怕再也见不到拉斯图斯——信里已经说得很清楚了——她改变了主意。\n她从银行取了1000英镑，并按照绑匪的指示做了。\n第二天早上，箱子不见了，但拉姆齐夫人确信绑匪会信守承诺。\n果然，那天晚上七点整，拉斯图斯准时回来了。\n他看起来很好，只是相当渴，因为他喝了半瓶牛奶。\n当拉姆齐夫人告诉警察她做了什么时，他们都非常震惊。\n她解释说拉斯图斯对她来说非常珍贵。\n考虑到她支付的金额，他可真是“昂贵”啊！",
+    "text": "Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay's cat. \nMrs. Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. \nRastus leads an orderly life. \nHe usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock. \nOne evening, however he failed to arrive. \nMrs. Ramsay got very worried. \nShe looked everywhere for him but could not find him.\n\nThree days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter. \nThe writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom of ￡1, 000. \nMrs.Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door. \nAt first, she decided to go to the police, \nbut fearing that she would never see Rastus again--the letter had made that quite clear--she changed her mind. \nShe withdrew ￡1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's instructions. \nThe next morning, the box had disappeared but Mrs.Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. \nSure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening. \nHe looked very well, though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. \nThe police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done. \nShe explained that Rastus was very dear to her. \nConsidering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!",
+    "textTranslate": "绑匪通常对动物不感兴趣，但他们最近却对埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人的猫产生了浓厚的兴趣。 \n埃莉诺·拉姆齐夫人是一位非常富有的老太太，她多年来一直和她的猫拉斯图斯合住一套公寓。 \n拉斯图斯的生活非常有规律。 \n他通常在傍晚散会儿步，并且总是在七点前回家。 \n然而，一天晚上他没有按时回家。 \n拉姆齐夫人非常担心。 \n她到处找他，但没能找到。 \n\n拉斯图斯失踪三天后，拉姆齐夫人收到了一封匿名信。 \n写信人声称拉斯图斯安然无恙，如果拉姆齐夫人支付1000英镑的赎金，他会立即被送回。 \n拉姆齐夫人被要求把钱放在一个纸板箱里，然后把它放在门外。 \n起初，她决定去报警， \n但害怕再也见不到拉斯图斯——信里已经说得很清楚了——她改变了主意。 \n她从银行取了1000英镑，并按照绑匪的指示做了。 \n第二天早上，箱子不见了，但拉姆齐夫人确信绑匪会信守承诺。 \n果然，那天晚上七点整，拉斯图斯准时回来了。 \n他看起来很好，只是相当渴，因为他喝了半瓶牛奶。 \n当拉姆齐夫人告诉警察她做了什么时，他们都非常震惊。 \n她解释说拉斯图斯对她来说非常珍贵。 \n考虑到她支付的金额，他可真是“昂贵”啊！",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/19－A Very Dear Cat.mp3",
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       "start": 10.28,
       "text": "Why was Rastus 'very dear' in more ways than one?",
@@ -368,13 +374,15 @@
     "id": "7CgrUO",
     "title": "Pioneer pilots",
     "titleTranslate": "飞行员的先驱",
-    "text": "In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1, 000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.\nOver a year passed before the first attempt was made.\nOn July 19th, 1909, in the early morning,\nHubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.'\nHe had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea.\nThe 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.\nTwo days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No.XI'.\nBleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.\nA week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.\nLatham, however, did not give up easily.\nHe, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'.\nIt looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.\nBoth planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough.\nAfter making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later.\nHis great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes.\nWhen he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman.\nLatham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover,\nbut he was unlucky again.\nHis engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.",
-    "textTranslate": "1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵（Lord Northcliffe）宣布设立一项奖金，金额为1,000英镑，奖励第一个成功飞越英吉利海峡的人。\n一年多过去了，才有人进行第一次尝试。\n1909年7月19日，清晨时分……\n休伯特·拉瑟姆驾驶他的飞机“安托瓦内特IV号”从法国海岸起飞了。\n他刚刚飞越英吉利海峡七英里，引擎就发生了故障，他不得不迫降在海面上。\n“安托瓦内特”号漂浮在水面上，直到拉瑟姆被一艘船救起。\n两天后，路易·布莱里奥驾驶着一架名为“No.XI”的飞机抵达了加莱附近。\n布莱里奥自1905年起就开始制造飞机，而这架飞机是他最新的设计作品。\n一周前，他完成了一次成功的陆上飞行，飞行距离达到了26英里。\n然而，拉瑟姆并没有轻易放弃。\n他也在同一天，驾驶一架新的“安托瓦内特”号飞机，抵达了加莱附近。\n看起来将会有一场跨越英吉利海峡的精彩比赛。\n这两架飞机都原定于7月25日起飞，但拉瑟姆没能及时起床。\n在凌晨4点15分进行了一次短暂的试飞后，布莱里奥于半小时后出发了。\n他的这次精彩飞行持续了三十七分钟。\n当他降落在多佛附近时，第一个迎接他的是一名当地警察。\n一周后，拉瑟姆再次尝试，最终距离多佛仅剩下半英里。\n但他又一次运气不佳了。\n他的引擎发生了故障，他第二次降落在海面上。",
+    "text": "In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1, 000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. \nOver a year passed before the first attempt was made. \nOn July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, \nHubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.' \nHe had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. \nThe 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.\n\nTwo days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No.XI'. \nBleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. \nA week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. \nLatham, however, did not give up easily. \nHe, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. \nIt looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. \nBoth planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. \nAfter making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. \nHis great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. \nWhen he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. \nLatham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, \nbut he was unlucky again. \nHis engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.",
+    "textTranslate": "1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵（Lord Northcliffe）宣布设立一项奖金，金额为1,000英镑，奖励第一个成功飞越英吉利海峡的人。 \n一年多过去了，才有人进行第一次尝试。 \n1909年7月19日，清晨时分…… \n休伯特·拉瑟姆驾驶他的飞机“安托瓦内特IV号”从法国海岸起飞了。 \n他刚刚飞越英吉利海峡七英里，引擎就发生了故障，他不得不迫降在海面上。 \n“安托瓦内特”号漂浮在水面上，直到拉瑟姆被一艘船救起。 \n\n两天后，路易·布莱里奥驾驶着一架名为“No.XI”的飞机抵达了加莱附近。 \n布莱里奥自1905年起就开始制造飞机，而这架飞机是他最新的设计作品。 \n一周前，他完成了一次成功的陆上飞行，飞行距离达到了26英里。 \n然而，拉瑟姆并没有轻易放弃。 \n他也在同一天，驾驶一架新的“安托瓦内特”号飞机，抵达了加莱附近。 \n看起来将会有一场跨越英吉利海峡的精彩比赛。 \n这两架飞机都原定于7月25日起飞，但拉瑟姆没能及时起床。 \n在凌晨4点15分进行了一次短暂的试飞后，布莱里奥于半小时后出发了。 \n他的这次精彩飞行持续了三十七分钟。 \n当他降落在多佛附近时，第一个迎接他的是一名当地警察。 \n一周后，拉瑟姆再次尝试，最终距离多佛仅剩下半英里。 \n但他又一次运气不佳了。 \n他的引擎发生了故障，他第二次降落在海面上。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/20－Pioneer Pilots.mp3",
+    "audioFileId": "",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.15,
       "text": "What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?",
@@ -386,13 +394,15 @@
     "id": "7fBWUg",
     "title": "Daniel Mendoza",
     "titleTranslate": "丹尼尔.门多萨",
-    "text": "Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.\nIn those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.\nBecause of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.\nHowever, boxing was very crude,\nfor there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.\nOne of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.\nThe use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.\nThough he was technically a prizefighter,\nMendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.\nIn his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity.\nHe was adored by rich and poor alike.\nMendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.\nThis attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.\nHe offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.\nIn fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.\nThe two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.\nA match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.\nThe public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.\nMendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.\nIt was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.\nMeanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.\nHe earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as ￡100 for a single appearance.\nDespite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.\nAfter he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.\nHe was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.",
-    "textTranslate": "两百年前，拳击比赛在英格兰非常流行。\n在那个时候，拳击手们为了奖金而徒手搏斗。\n正因如此，他们被称为“职业拳击手”（prizefighters）。\n然而，当时的拳击运动还非常粗糙，\n因为当时没有任何规则可言，拳击手在比赛中很可能会受到严重伤害，甚至丧命。\n拳击历史上最富有传奇色彩的人物之一是丹尼尔·门多萨（Daniel Mendoza），他出生于1764年。\n手套的使用直到1860年才被引入；那一年，昆斯贝里侯爵制定了第一套比赛规则。\n虽然从技术上讲他是一名职业拳击手，\n门多萨为将这种原始的拳击比赛转变为一项体育运动做出了巨大贡献，因为他为这项运动引入了科学。\n在门多萨的时代，他享有极高的声望。\n无论贫富，大家都非常喜爱他。\n门多萨在十四岁时参加了一场拳击比赛后，迅速成名。\n这引起了理查德·汉弗莱斯（Richard Humphries）的注意，他当时是英格兰最著名的拳击手。\n他主动提出训练门多萨，而他的这位年轻学生学得很快。\n事实上，门多萨很快就取得了巨大的成功，以至于汉弗莱斯转而与他为敌。\n这两个人激烈地争吵起来，很明显，这场争执只能通过打架来解决。\n比赛在斯蒂尔顿举行，两人打了一个小时。\n公众在门多萨身上下了巨额赌注，但他被击败了。\n后来，门多萨在拳击场上再次与汉弗莱斯相遇，但他又一次输了。\n直到1790年的第三次比赛，他才终于击败了汉弗莱斯，成为英格兰冠军。\n与此同时，他创办了一所非常成功的拳击学校，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。\n他赚了巨额的钱，单次出场费就高达100英镑。\n尽管如此，他挥霍无度，总是负债累累。\n在被一位名叫“绅士杰克逊”的拳击手击败后，他很快就被遗忘了。\n他因无力偿还债务而被送进监狱，并于1836年在贫困中去世。",
+    "text": "Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. \nIn those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. \nBecause of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. \nHowever, boxing was very crude, \nfor there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.\n\nOne of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. \nThe use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. \nThough he was technically a prizefighter, \nMendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. \nIn his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. \nHe was adored by rich and poor alike.\n\nMendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. \nThis attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. \nHe offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. \nIn fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. \nThe two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. \nA match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. \nThe public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. \nMendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. \nIt was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. \nMeanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. \nHe earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as ￡100 for a single appearance. \nDespite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. \nAfter he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. \nHe was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.",
+    "textTranslate": "两百年前，拳击比赛在英格兰非常流行。 \n在那个时候，拳击手们为了奖金而徒手搏斗。 \n正因如此，他们被称为“职业拳击手”（prizefighters）。 \n然而，当时的拳击运动还非常粗糙， \n因为当时没有任何规则可言，拳击手在比赛中很可能会受到严重伤害，甚至丧命。 \n\n拳击历史上最富有传奇色彩的人物之一是丹尼尔·门多萨（Daniel Mendoza），他出生于1764年。 \n手套的使用直到1860年才被引入；那一年，昆斯贝里侯爵制定了第一套比赛规则。 \n虽然从技术上讲他是一名职业拳击手， \n门多萨为将这种原始的拳击比赛转变为一项体育运动做出了巨大贡献，因为他为这项运动引入了科学。 \n在门多萨的时代，他享有极高的声望。 \n无论贫富，大家都非常喜爱他。 \n\n门多萨在十四岁时参加了一场拳击比赛后，迅速成名。 \n这引起了理查德·汉弗莱斯（Richard Humphries）的注意，他当时是英格兰最著名的拳击手。 \n他主动提出训练门多萨，而他的这位年轻学生学得很快。 \n事实上，门多萨很快就取得了巨大的成功，以至于汉弗莱斯转而与他为敌。 \n这两个人激烈地争吵起来，很明显，这场争执只能通过打架来解决。 \n比赛在斯蒂尔顿举行，两人打了一个小时。 \n公众在门多萨身上下了巨额赌注，但他被击败了。 \n后来，门多萨在拳击场上再次与汉弗莱斯相遇，但他又一次输了。 \n直到1790年的第三次比赛，他才终于击败了汉弗莱斯，成为英格兰冠军。 \n与此同时，他创办了一所非常成功的拳击学校，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。 \n他赚了巨额的钱，单次出场费就高达100英镑。 \n尽管如此，他挥霍无度，总是负债累累。 \n在被一位名叫“绅士杰克逊”的拳击手击败后，他很快就被遗忘了。 \n他因无力偿还债务而被送进监狱，并于1836年在贫困中去世。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/21－Daniel Mendoza.mp3",
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     "questions": [],
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.93,
       "text": "How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?",
@@ -404,13 +414,15 @@
     "id": "fXU33I",
     "title": "By heart",
     "titleTranslate": "熟记台词",
-    "text": "Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.\nIn many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night.\nOne would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.\nYet this is not always the case.\nA famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.\nIn the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.\nEven though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.\nOne night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if,\nafter so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.\nThe curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.\nJust then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands.\nHe entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.\nBut the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.\nIt was simply a blank sheet of paper.\nThe gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.\nThe noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.\nThen, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.'\nAnd he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.\nFinding that he could not remember a word of the letter either,\nthe gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire.  I must get my glasses.  '\nWith this, he hurried off the stage.\nMuch to the aristocrat's amusement,\nthe gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.",
-    "textTranslate": "有些剧目非常成功，以至于可以连续上演多年。\n在很多方面，这对那些可怜的演员来说确实很不公平——他们不得不夜复一夜地重复同样的台词。\n人们会以为他们早就把台词背得滚瓜烂熟，永远不会有结巴的时候。\n然而，情况并不总是如此。\n一位在非常成功的戏剧中表现出色的著名演员，曾饰演过这样一个角色：一位被关押在巴士底狱长达二十年的贵族。\n在最后一幕中，总是会有一个狱卒走上舞台，递给囚犯一封信。\n尽管人们期望这位贵族在每次演出时都能宣读这封信，但他始终坚持要求必须把信的内容完整地写出来。\n一天晚上，狱卒决定捉弄他的同事，想看看经过这么多次表演后，他是否已经把信的内容背下来了。\n经过这么多次表演后，他已经能够将那封信的内容牢记在心了。\n戏剧的最后一幕开始了：那位贵族独自坐在黑暗的牢房里，被关在铁栅栏后面。\n就在这时，狱卒出现了，他手里拿着那封珍贵的信。\n他走进牢房，将那封信交给了那位贵族。\n但他递给他的那份信并没有像往常一样写满字。\n那只是一张空白的纸而已。\n狱卒热切地注视着，急于想知道他的搭档演员是否终于记住了台词。\n那位贵族盯着那张空白的纸张看了几秒钟。\n然后，他眯起眼睛说：“光线太暗了。把那封信读给我听吧。”\n然后他立刻把那张纸交给了狱卒。\n结果狱卒发现自己也一个字都记不起来。\n狱卒回答说：“光线确实很暗，大人。我得去拿我的眼镜。”\n说完这些，他便匆忙走下了舞台。\n让贵族觉得好笑的是，\n过了一会儿，狱卒拿着一副眼镜和那封熟悉的信回来了，然后开始把信的内容读给囚犯听。",
+    "text": "Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. \nIn many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. \nOne would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. \nYet this is not always the case.\n\nA famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. \nIn the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. \nEven though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.\n\nOne night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, \nafter so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. \nThe curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. \nJust then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands. \nHe entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. \nBut the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. \nIt was simply a blank sheet of paper. \nThe gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. \nThe noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. \nThen, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.' \nAnd he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. \nFinding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, \nthe gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire.  I must get my glasses.  ' \nWith this, he hurried off the stage. \nMuch to the aristocrat's amusement, \nthe gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.",
+    "textTranslate": "有些剧目非常成功，以至于可以连续上演多年。 \n在很多方面，这对那些可怜的演员来说确实很不公平——他们不得不夜复一夜地重复同样的台词。 \n人们会以为他们早就把台词背得滚瓜烂熟，永远不会有结巴的时候。 \n然而，情况并不总是如此。 \n\n一位在非常成功的戏剧中表现出色的著名演员，曾饰演过这样一个角色：一位被关押在巴士底狱长达二十年的贵族。 \n在最后一幕中，总是会有一个狱卒走上舞台，递给囚犯一封信。 \n尽管人们期望这位贵族在每次演出时都能宣读这封信，但他始终坚持要求必须把信的内容完整地写出来。 \n\n一天晚上，狱卒决定捉弄他的同事，想看看经过这么多次表演后，他是否已经把信的内容背下来了。 \n经过这么多次表演后，他已经能够将那封信的内容牢记在心了。 \n戏剧的最后一幕开始了：那位贵族独自坐在黑暗的牢房里，被关在铁栅栏后面。 \n就在这时，狱卒出现了，他手里拿着那封珍贵的信。 \n他走进牢房，将那封信交给了那位贵族。 \n但他递给他的那份信并没有像往常一样写满字。 \n那只是一张空白的纸而已。 \n狱卒热切地注视着，急于想知道他的搭档演员是否终于记住了台词。 \n那位贵族盯着那张空白的纸张看了几秒钟。 \n然后，他眯起眼睛说：“光线太暗了。把那封信读给我听吧。” \n然后他立刻把那张纸交给了狱卒。 \n结果狱卒发现自己也一个字都记不起来。 \n狱卒回答说：“光线确实很暗，大人。我得去拿我的眼镜。” \n说完这些，他便匆忙走下了舞台。 \n让贵族觉得好笑的是， \n过了一会儿，狱卒拿着一副眼镜和那封熟悉的信回来了，然后开始把信的内容读给囚犯听。",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/22－By Heart.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.44,
       "text": "Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?",
@@ -422,13 +434,15 @@
     "id": "Ianj-4",
     "title": "One man's meat is another man's poison",
     "titleTranslate": "各有所爱。",
-    "text": "People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.\nIf you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.\nYou would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive.\nOn the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat-the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.\nThe sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.\nNo creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.\nCooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.\nThere are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.\nMy friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised.\nAs his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own.\nFor years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him.\nThe idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower,\nI happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants.\nActing on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert.\nRobert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift.\nI left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.\nI had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner.\nSnails would, of course, be the main dish.\nI did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room.\nTo our dismay,\nwe saw that there were snails everywhere:\nthey had escaped from the paper bag\nand had taken complete possession of the hall! I have never be able to look at a snail since then.",
-    "textTranslate": "当人们试图决定什么能吃、什么不能吃时，他们的想法会变得非常不合逻辑。\n例如，如果你生活在地中海地区，你会认为章鱼是一种非常美味的佳肴。\n你无法理解为什么有些人会觉得它令人反感。\n另一方面，一想到要用动物油脂来煎土豆，你就会感到恶心——而在许多北方国家，这种做法却是被普遍接受的。\n令人遗憾的事实是，我们大多数人都被教导要吃某些特定的食物，并且一生都坚持吃这些食物。\n没有哪种生物像普通的花园蜗牛那样，既备受赞誉，又饱受诟病。\n用葡萄酒烹制的蜗牛，在世界各地都被视为一种高级的美食。\n有无数的人，从很小的时候起，就学会了将蜗牛与食物联系在一起。\n我的朋友罗伯特住在一个人们非常厌恶蜗牛的国家。\n由于他的公寓位于一个较大的城镇里，所以他并没有自己的花园。\n多年来，他一直让我从我的花园里采集蜗牛，然后带给他。\n这个想法我一直不太感兴趣，但有一天，在一场大雨之后……\n我正好在花园里散步，突然发现大量的蜗牛正在我的那些珍贵的植物上爬来爬去。\n一时冲动之下，我收集了几十只蜗牛，把它们装进一个纸袋里，然后拿给了罗伯特。\n罗伯特见到我非常高兴，对我的小礼物也同样感到满意。\n我把袋子放在门厅里，然后和罗伯特一起进了客厅，我们在那里聊了两个小时。\n我完全把那些蜗牛的事给忘了，直到罗伯特突然说：“你必须留下来吃晚饭。”\n当然，蜗牛会是主菜。\n我并不喜欢这个主意，但还是不情愿地跟着罗伯特走出了房间。\n令我们惊恐的是……\n我们发现到处都有蜗牛。\n它们从那个纸袋里逃出来了。\n并且完全占领了门厅！从那以后，我再也没法看蜗牛了。",
+    "text": "People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. \nIf you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy. \nYou would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. \nOn the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat-the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. \nThe sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.\n\nNo creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. \nCooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. \nThere are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. \nMy friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. \nAs his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. \nFor years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. \nThe idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, \nI happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants. \nActing on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert. \nRobert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. \nI left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. \nI had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. \nSnails would, of course, be the main dish. \nI did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. \nTo our dismay, \nwe saw that there were snails everywhere: \nthey had escaped from the paper bag \nand had taken complete possession of the hall! I have never be able to look at a snail since then.",
+    "textTranslate": "当人们试图决定什么能吃、什么不能吃时，他们的想法会变得非常不合逻辑。 \n例如，如果你生活在地中海地区，你会认为章鱼是一种非常美味的佳肴。 \n你无法理解为什么有些人会觉得它令人反感。 \n另一方面，一想到要用动物油脂来煎土豆，你就会感到恶心——而在许多北方国家，这种做法却是被普遍接受的。 \n令人遗憾的事实是，我们大多数人都被教导要吃某些特定的食物，并且一生都坚持吃这些食物。 \n\n没有哪种生物像普通的花园蜗牛那样，既备受赞誉，又饱受诟病。 \n用葡萄酒烹制的蜗牛，在世界各地都被视为一种高级的美食。 \n有无数的人，从很小的时候起，就学会了将蜗牛与食物联系在一起。 \n我的朋友罗伯特住在一个人们非常厌恶蜗牛的国家。 \n由于他的公寓位于一个较大的城镇里，所以他并没有自己的花园。 \n多年来，他一直让我从我的花园里采集蜗牛，然后带给他。 \n这个想法我一直不太感兴趣，但有一天，在一场大雨之后…… \n我正好在花园里散步，突然发现大量的蜗牛正在我的那些珍贵的植物上爬来爬去。 \n一时冲动之下，我收集了几十只蜗牛，把它们装进一个纸袋里，然后拿给了罗伯特。 \n罗伯特见到我非常高兴，对我的小礼物也同样感到满意。 \n我把袋子放在门厅里，然后和罗伯特一起进了客厅，我们在那里聊了两个小时。 \n我完全把那些蜗牛的事给忘了，直到罗伯特突然说：“你必须留下来吃晚饭。” \n当然，蜗牛会是主菜。 \n我并不喜欢这个主意，但还是不情愿地跟着罗伯特走出了房间。 \n令我们惊恐的是…… \n我们发现到处都有蜗牛。 \n它们从那个纸袋里逃出来了。 \n并且完全占领了门厅！从那以后，我再也没法看蜗牛了。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/23－One Man's Meat is Another Man's Poison.mp3",
+    "audioFileId": "",
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.55,
       "text": "What was it about snails that made the writer collect them for his friend on that day in particular?",
@@ -440,13 +454,15 @@
     "id": "f6jPkQ",
     "title": "A skeleton in the cupboard",
     "titleTranslate": "“家丑”",
-    "text": "We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person\nor family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years.\nThe English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation.\nThe terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard'.\nAt some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined.\nThe reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine,\na dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.\nIt is all very well for such things to occur in fiction.\nTo varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn,\nbut few of us have skeletons in the cupboard.\nThe only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact.\nGeorge studied medicine in his youth.\nInstead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories.\nI once spent an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house.\nGeorge showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used.\nHe told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.\nAfter I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard.\nI opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified.\nA skeleton was dangling before my eyes.\nThe sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me.\nDropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George.\nThis was worse than 'a terrible secret'; this was a real skeleton!\nBut George was unsympathetic.\n'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend.\n'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.'",
-    "textTranslate": "我们在小说中经常看到这样的情节：一个表面上看起来很体面、值得尊敬的人……\n或者这个家庭隐藏着一个可怕的秘密，这个秘密多年来一直被对外人隐瞒着。\n英语中有一句非常生动的表达，用来形容这种情况。\n这个可怕的秘密就叫“柜中骷髅”。\n在故事中的某个关键时刻，那个可怕的秘密被揭露了，从而导致一个人的声誉彻底毁掉。\n当读者读到小说最后几页，发现女主角……\n一位一直对所有人都非常友善的善良老妇人，在她年轻时，竟然毒死了她的五位丈夫。\n这种事发生在小说里倒也罢了。\n在某种程度上，我们每个人都有自己不想让最亲密的朋友知道的秘密。\n但我们中很少有人真有“柜中骷髅”。\n我认识的唯一有“柜中骷髅”的人是乔治·卡尔顿，而且他还对此引以为豪。\n乔治年轻时学习过医学。\n然而，他并没有成为医生，而是成为了一名成功的侦探小说作家。\n我曾在他的家里度过了一个极其不愉快的周末，那个经历我永远都不会忘记。\n乔治带我去了客房，他说这个房间很少有人使用。\n他让我先把行李收拾好，然后再下来吃晚饭。\n我把衬衫和内衣整理好后，放进了两个空抽屉里；接着，我决定把带来的两套西装中的一套挂在衣柜里。\n我打开了橱柜的门，然后站在那里，吓得动弹不得。\n一具骷髅悬挂在我的眼前。\n门的突然晃动让它也跟着摇摆起来，给我的感觉是它好像要朝我扑过来似的。\n我立刻放下西装，冲下楼去告诉乔治。\n这比“一个可怕的秘密”还要糟糕；那简直是一具真正的骷髅！\n但乔治却毫无同情之心。\n“哦，那个啊，”他笑着说，仿佛在谈论一个老朋友一样，\n“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了，我曾经也是一名医学生。”",
+    "text": "We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person \nor family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. \nThe English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. \nThe terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard'. \nAt some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. \nThe reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, \na dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.\n\nIt is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. \nTo varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, \nbut few of us have skeletons in the cupboard. \nThe only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. \nGeorge studied medicine in his youth. \nInstead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. \nI once spent an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. \nGeorge showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used. \nHe told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. \nAfter I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. \nI opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. \nA skeleton was dangling before my eyes. \nThe sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. \nDropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. \nThis was worse than 'a terrible secret'; this was a real skeleton! \nBut George was unsympathetic. \n'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. \n'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.'",
+    "textTranslate": "我们在小说中经常看到这样的情节：一个表面上看起来很体面、值得尊敬的人…… \n或者这个家庭隐藏着一个可怕的秘密，这个秘密多年来一直被对外人隐瞒着。 \n英语中有一句非常生动的表达，用来形容这种情况。 \n这个可怕的秘密就叫“柜中骷髅”。 \n在故事中的某个关键时刻，那个可怕的秘密被揭露了，从而导致一个人的声誉彻底毁掉。 \n当读者读到小说最后几页，发现女主角…… \n一位一直对所有人都非常友善的善良老妇人，在她年轻时，竟然毒死了她的五位丈夫。 \n\n这种事发生在小说里倒也罢了。 \n在某种程度上，我们每个人都有自己不想让最亲密的朋友知道的秘密。 \n但我们中很少有人真有“柜中骷髅”。 \n我认识的唯一有“柜中骷髅”的人是乔治·卡尔顿，而且他还对此引以为豪。 \n乔治年轻时学习过医学。 \n然而，他并没有成为医生，而是成为了一名成功的侦探小说作家。 \n我曾在他的家里度过了一个极其不愉快的周末，那个经历我永远都不会忘记。 \n乔治带我去了客房，他说这个房间很少有人使用。 \n他让我先把行李收拾好，然后再下来吃晚饭。 \n我把衬衫和内衣整理好后，放进了两个空抽屉里；接着，我决定把带来的两套西装中的一套挂在衣柜里。 \n我打开了橱柜的门，然后站在那里，吓得动弹不得。 \n一具骷髅悬挂在我的眼前。 \n门的突然晃动让它也跟着摇摆起来，给我的感觉是它好像要朝我扑过来似的。 \n我立刻放下西装，冲下楼去告诉乔治。 \n这比“一个可怕的秘密”还要糟糕；那简直是一具真正的骷髅！ \n但乔治却毫无同情之心。 \n“哦，那个啊，”他笑着说，仿佛在谈论一个老朋友一样， \n“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了，我曾经也是一名医学生。”",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.68,
       "text": "Who was Sebastian?",
@@ -458,13 +474,15 @@
     "id": "KHKa1A",
     "title": "The Cutty Sark",
     "titleTranslate": "“卡蒂萨克”号帆船",
-    "text": "One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich.\nShe stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.\nShe serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.\nBefore they were replaced by steamships,\nsailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia.\nThe Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.\nThe only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.\nBoth these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.\nThis race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind.\nIt marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.\nThe first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae,\nbut on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead.\nIt seemed certain that she would be the first ship home,\nbut during the race she had a lot of bad luck.\nIn August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.\nThe Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her.\nA temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty.\nThis greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly,\nthis rudder would be torn away as well.\nBecause of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead.\nAfter crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted,\nbut by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.\nThough the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win.\nShe arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae.\nEven this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays.\nThere is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.",
-    "textTranslate": "作为19世纪最著名的帆船之一，“Cutty Sark”至今仍可以在格林尼治博物馆看到。\n她站在陆地上，每年都有成千上万的人前来参观她。\n她仿佛是一面令人印象深刻的镜子，让人们想起过去那些宏伟的船只。\n在它们被蒸汽船取代之前，\n像“Cutty Sark”这样的帆船曾被用来从中国运输茶叶，从澳大利亚运输羊毛。\n“Cutty Sark”是有史以来建造的最快的帆船之一。\n唯一能与她相媲美的船只就是“Thermopylae”号了。\n这两艘船都于1872年6月18日从上海出发，参加了一场前往英国的激动人心的竞赛。\n这场比赛持续了整整四个月，也是这类比赛中的最后一场比赛。\n这标志着帆船这一伟大传统的终结，以及一个新时代的开始。\n在比赛开始后，最先抵达爪哇的两艘船只中，第一艘是“Thermopylae”号。\n但在印度洋上，库蒂·萨克号（Cutty Sark）却取得了领先地位。\n看起来她肯定会成为第一个返回家的“船只”（即第一个完成任务的成员）。\n但在比赛中，她遭遇了很多不幸（或者说：她遇到了很多麻烦或困难）。\n八月份，她遭遇了一场猛烈的风暴，风暴中她的舵被彻底损坏（即被风暴中的力量扯掉了）。\n“Cutty Sark”号开始左右摇晃，根本无法再控制它的航向了。\n他们在船上用多余的木板制作了一个临时舵，并且安装这个临时舵的过程非常困难。\n这大大降低了船的速度，因为如果船行驶得太快，就存在危险。\n这个舵也会被扯掉的。\n正因如此，Cutty Sark失去了领先优势。\n在越过赤道后，船长停靠在一个港口，更换了船上的舵。\n但那时，Thermopylae号已经领先了五百多英里。\n尽管新的舵被迅速安装上了，Cutty Sark号还是无法赶上它。\nCutty Sark号在Thermopylae号之后一周才抵达英格兰。\n考虑到途中经历了许多延误，这一成绩已经非常了不起了。\n毫无疑问，如果她没有失去舵，她本可以轻松赢得比赛。",
+    "text": "One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. \nShe stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. \nShe serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. \nBefore they were replaced by steamships, \nsailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. \nThe Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. \nThe only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. \nBoth these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. \nThis race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. \nIt marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.\n\nThe first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, \nbut on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. \nIt seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, \nbut during the race she had a lot of bad luck. \nIn August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. \nThe Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. \nA temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. \nThis greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, \nthis rudder would be torn away as well. \nBecause of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. \nAfter crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, \nbut by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. \nThough the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. \nShe arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. \nEven this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. \nThere is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.",
+    "textTranslate": "作为19世纪最著名的帆船之一，“Cutty Sark”至今仍可以在格林尼治博物馆看到。 \n她站在陆地上，每年都有成千上万的人前来参观她。 \n她仿佛是一面令人印象深刻的镜子，让人们想起过去那些宏伟的船只。 \n在它们被蒸汽船取代之前， \n像“Cutty Sark”这样的帆船曾被用来从中国运输茶叶，从澳大利亚运输羊毛。 \n“Cutty Sark”是有史以来建造的最快的帆船之一。 \n唯一能与她相媲美的船只就是“Thermopylae”号了。 \n这两艘船都于1872年6月18日从上海出发，参加了一场前往英国的激动人心的竞赛。 \n这场比赛持续了整整四个月，也是这类比赛中的最后一场比赛。 \n这标志着帆船这一伟大传统的终结，以及一个新时代的开始。 \n\n在比赛开始后，最先抵达爪哇的两艘船只中，第一艘是“Thermopylae”号。 \n但在印度洋上，库蒂·萨克号（Cutty Sark）却取得了领先地位。 \n看起来她肯定会成为第一个返回家的“船只”（即第一个完成任务的成员）。 \n但在比赛中，她遭遇了很多不幸（或者说：她遇到了很多麻烦或困难）。 \n八月份，她遭遇了一场猛烈的风暴，风暴中她的舵被彻底损坏（即被风暴中的力量扯掉了）。 \n“Cutty Sark”号开始左右摇晃，根本无法再控制它的航向了。 \n他们在船上用多余的木板制作了一个临时舵，并且安装这个临时舵的过程非常困难。 \n这大大降低了船的速度，因为如果船行驶得太快，就存在危险。 \n这个舵也会被扯掉的。 \n正因如此，Cutty Sark失去了领先优势。 \n在越过赤道后，船长停靠在一个港口，更换了船上的舵。 \n但那时，Thermopylae号已经领先了五百多英里。 \n尽管新的舵被迅速安装上了，Cutty Sark号还是无法赶上它。 \nCutty Sark号在Thermopylae号之后一周才抵达英格兰。 \n考虑到途中经历了许多延误，这一成绩已经非常了不起了。 \n毫无疑问，如果她没有失去舵，她本可以轻松赢得比赛。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/25－The Cutty Sark.mp3",
+    "audioFileId": "",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.48,
       "text": "What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?",
@@ -476,13 +494,15 @@
     "id": "21yfe8",
     "title": "Wanted: a large biscuit tin",
     "titleTranslate": "征购大饼干筒",
-    "text": "No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.\nMuch as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,\nwe are no longer free to choose the things we want,\nfor advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.\nIn their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product,\nadvertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.\nAdvertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.\nAn advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong.\nThese days, advertisers not only offer free samples,\nbut free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well.\nThey devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money.\nRadio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.\nDuring a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory.\nThey offered to pay $10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener.\nThe response to this competition was tremendous.\nBefore long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory.\nOne lady brought biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds.\nA little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car.\nAll the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed.\nThe largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.\nBut just before the competition closed,\na lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2, 400 pounds.\nIt had been baked by a college student who had used over 1, 000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar,\n200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients.\nIt was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry.\nThe manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, for they bought the biscuit from the student for $24, 000.",
-    "textTranslate": "没有人能够完全不受广告的影响。\n尽管我们常常为自己的品味感到自豪，\n但实际上我们已不再能够自由选择自己真正想要的东西，\n因为广告对我们产生了潜移默化的影响。\n为了说服我们购买某种产品，\n广告商们深入研究了人类的心理，并分类整理了我们所有的小弱点。\n多年前，广告商们就发现：我们都喜欢免费获得东西。\n任何以“免费”这个词开头的广告几乎都不会失败。\n如今，广告商们不仅提供免费样品，……\n还有免费的汽车、免费的房子，以及免费的环球旅行机会。\n他们设计了数百种比赛，让我们有机会赢得巨额奖金。\n广播和电视使得广告商能够以这种方式吸引数百万人的注意力。\n在一次广播节目中，一家饼干制造商邀请听众们烤制饼干并寄到他们的工厂。\n他们提出愿意以每磅10美元的价格购买听众们烤制的最大尺寸的饼干。\n这次比赛的反响非常热烈（或：这次比赛的响应非常强烈）。\n不久之后，各种形状和大小的饼干开始运送到工厂里。\n一位女士用手推车运来一块饼干，它重达近500磅。\n过了一会儿，一个男人走了过来，他带来的饼干占据了他汽车整个后备箱的空间。\n所有被寄出的饼干都经过了仔细的称重。\n最大的那个重达713磅；看起来它肯定会赢得这个奖项。\n但在比赛即将结束之前，\n一辆卡车将一块重量高达2,400磅的巨型饼干送到了工厂。\n这块饼干是由一名大学生烤制的；他用了超过1000磅的面粉和800磅的糖。\n200磅的脂肪，以及400磅的其他各种成分。\n它太重了，必须使用起重机才能将其从卡车上卸下来。\n制造商们不得不支付比预期更多的钱，因为他们以24,000美元的价格从那位学生手中买下了这块饼干。",
+    "text": "No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. \nMuch as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, \nwe are no longer free to choose the things we want, \nfor advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. \nIn their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, \nadvertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.\n\nAdvertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. \nAn advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. \nThese days, advertisers not only offer free samples, \nbut free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. \nThey devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. \nRadio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.\n\nDuring a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. \nThey offered to pay $10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener. \nThe response to this competition was tremendous. \nBefore long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory. \nOne lady brought biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds. \nA little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car. \nAll the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed. \nThe largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize. \nBut just before the competition closed, \na lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2, 400 pounds. \nIt had been baked by a college student who had used over 1, 000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, \n200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. \nIt was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. \nThe manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, for they bought the biscuit from the student for $24, 000.",
+    "textTranslate": "没有人能够完全不受广告的影响。 \n尽管我们常常为自己的品味感到自豪， \n但实际上我们已不再能够自由选择自己真正想要的东西， \n因为广告对我们产生了潜移默化的影响。 \n为了说服我们购买某种产品， \n广告商们深入研究了人类的心理，并分类整理了我们所有的小弱点。 \n\n多年前，广告商们就发现：我们都喜欢免费获得东西。 \n任何以“免费”这个词开头的广告几乎都不会失败。 \n如今，广告商们不仅提供免费样品，…… \n还有免费的汽车、免费的房子，以及免费的环球旅行机会。 \n他们设计了数百种比赛，让我们有机会赢得巨额奖金。 \n广播和电视使得广告商能够以这种方式吸引数百万人的注意力。 \n\n在一次广播节目中，一家饼干制造商邀请听众们烤制饼干并寄到他们的工厂。 \n他们提出愿意以每磅10美元的价格购买听众们烤制的最大尺寸的饼干。 \n这次比赛的反响非常热烈（或：这次比赛的响应非常强烈）。 \n不久之后，各种形状和大小的饼干开始运送到工厂里。 \n一位女士用手推车运来一块饼干，它重达近500磅。 \n过了一会儿，一个男人走了过来，他带来的饼干占据了他汽车整个后备箱的空间。 \n所有被寄出的饼干都经过了仔细的称重。 \n最大的那个重达713磅；看起来它肯定会赢得这个奖项。 \n但在比赛即将结束之前， \n一辆卡车将一块重量高达2,400磅的巨型饼干送到了工厂。 \n这块饼干是由一名大学生烤制的；他用了超过1000磅的面粉和800磅的糖。 \n200磅的脂肪，以及400磅的其他各种成分。 \n它太重了，必须使用起重机才能将其从卡车上卸下来。 \n制造商们不得不支付比预期更多的钱，因为他们以24,000美元的价格从那位学生手中买下了这块饼干。",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/26－Wanted a Large Biscuit Tin.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.15,
       "text": "Who won the prize for the biggest biscuit?",
@@ -494,13 +514,15 @@
     "id": "zWBIpR",
     "title": "Nothing to sell and nothing to buy",
     "titleTranslate": "不卖不买",
-    "text": "It has been said that everyone lives by selling something.\nIn the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,\nphilosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.\nThough it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money,\nit is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.\nThere are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives,\nyet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.\nThe conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.\nEveryone has something to sell.\nTramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.\nBeggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.\nBut real tramps are not beggars.\nThey have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.\nIn seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.\nA tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.\nHe has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.\nHe may never be sure where the next meal is coming from,\nbut he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.\nHis few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.\nBy having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.\nHe may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive;\nhe may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.\nWe often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars,\nbut how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?",
-    "textTranslate": "有人说过，每个人都是通过出售某种东西来谋生的。\n根据这一说法，教师的工作就是通过传授知识来谋生。\n哲学家通过传授智慧来谋生，而牧师则通过提供精神慰藉来获得收入。\n虽然可以用金钱来衡量物质财富的价值，\n很难准确估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值。\n有时候，为了挽救自己的生命，我们甚至愿意放弃自己拥有的一切。\n然而，我们可能会不愿意为外科医生支付高额的费用，仅仅因为他们为我们提供了这项服务。\n当前的社会状况决定了：技能的价值必须像商品在商店里被出售时那样，通过金钱来体现（即技能也需要通过金钱来获得）。\n每个人都有东西可以出售。\n流浪汉似乎是这条普遍规则的唯一例外。\n乞丐们几乎是在“出卖自己的人格”，以激起路人的同情心。\n但是，真正的流浪者并不是乞丐。\n他们没有什么可以出售的，也不需要从别人那里得到任何东西。\n在追求独立的过程中，他们并没有牺牲自己的人格尊严。\n一个流浪汉可能会向你乞讨钱财，但他永远不会要求你同情他。\n他自己是主动选择了这样的生活方式，并且完全清楚这样做会带来什么样的后果。\n他可能永远都无法确定下一顿饭从哪里来（也就是说，他可能永远不知道自己下一顿饭的食物来源或来源地）。\n但他摆脱了那些困扰其他人的成千上万种焦虑情绪。\n他仅有的一些物质财富使他能够轻松地从一个地方搬到另一个地方。\n由于不得不在户外露宿，他比我们大多数人更接近大自然的世界。\n他可能会偶尔通过打猎、乞讨或偷窃来维持生计。\n在真正需要的时候，他或许也会稍微工作一下；但他永远不会牺牲自己的自由。\n我们常常轻蔑地看待流浪者，把他们和乞丐归为同一类，\n但又有多少人能坦诚地说，自己没有羡慕过他们简单的生活方式以及无忧无虑的生活状态呢？",
+    "text": "It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. \nIn the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, \nphilosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. \nThough it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, \nit is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. \nThere are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, \nyet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. \nThe conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. \nEveryone has something to sell.\n\nTramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. \nBeggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. \nBut real tramps are not beggars. \nThey have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. \nIn seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. \nA tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. \nHe has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. \nHe may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, \nbut he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. \nHis few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. \nBy having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. \nHe may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; \nhe may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. \nWe often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, \nbut how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?",
+    "textTranslate": "有人说过，每个人都是通过出售某种东西来谋生的。 \n根据这一说法，教师的工作就是通过传授知识来谋生。 \n哲学家通过传授智慧来谋生，而牧师则通过提供精神慰藉来获得收入。 \n虽然可以用金钱来衡量物质财富的价值， \n很难准确估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值。 \n有时候，为了挽救自己的生命，我们甚至愿意放弃自己拥有的一切。 \n然而，我们可能会不愿意为外科医生支付高额的费用，仅仅因为他们为我们提供了这项服务。 \n当前的社会状况决定了：技能的价值必须像商品在商店里被出售时那样，通过金钱来体现（即技能也需要通过金钱来获得）。 \n每个人都有东西可以出售。 \n\n流浪汉似乎是这条普遍规则的唯一例外。 \n乞丐们几乎是在“出卖自己的人格”，以激起路人的同情心。 \n但是，真正的流浪者并不是乞丐。 \n他们没有什么可以出售的，也不需要从别人那里得到任何东西。 \n在追求独立的过程中，他们并没有牺牲自己的人格尊严。 \n一个流浪汉可能会向你乞讨钱财，但他永远不会要求你同情他。 \n他自己是主动选择了这样的生活方式，并且完全清楚这样做会带来什么样的后果。 \n他可能永远都无法确定下一顿饭从哪里来（也就是说，他可能永远不知道自己下一顿饭的食物来源或来源地）。 \n但他摆脱了那些困扰其他人的成千上万种焦虑情绪。 \n他仅有的一些物质财富使他能够轻松地从一个地方搬到另一个地方。 \n由于不得不在户外露宿，他比我们大多数人更接近大自然的世界。 \n他可能会偶尔通过打猎、乞讨或偷窃来维持生计。 \n在真正需要的时候，他或许也会稍微工作一下；但他永远不会牺牲自己的自由。 \n我们常常轻蔑地看待流浪者，把他们和乞丐归为同一类， \n但又有多少人能坦诚地说，自己没有羡慕过他们简单的生活方式以及无忧无虑的生活状态呢？",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/27－Nothing to Sell and Nothing to Buy.mp3",
+    "audioFileId": "",
     "lrcPosition": [[16.99,21.3],[21.3,25.93],[25.93,31.97],[31.97,38.43],[38.43,46.57],[46.57,52.85],[52.85,60.36],[60.36,68.78],[68.78,72.01],[72.01,76.71],[76.71,83.13],[83.13,85.62],[85.62,90.15],[90.15,95.55],[95.55,101.53],[101.53,109.15],[109.15,113.69],[113.69,119.99],[119.99,127.89],[127.89,136.18],[136.18,141.89],[141.89,150.07],[150.07,156.15],[156.15,null]],
     "questions": [],
+    "nameList": [],
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.24,
       "text": "What is the most important thing for a tramp?",
@@ -512,13 +534,15 @@
     "id": "uRCARc",
     "title": "Five pound too dear",
     "titleTranslate": "五磅也太贵",
-    "text": "Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.\nBefore she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board\nand the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia,\nsilks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware.\nIt was difficult not to be tempted.\nMany of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen,\nbut I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.\nI had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.\nI had no intention of buying one,\nbut I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.\nSome of them were as big as marbles.\nThe man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.\nAs we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass.\nIt took me over half an hour to get rid of him.\nThe next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.\nI examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine.\nAt the base of the gold cap, the words 'made in the U.S.A.' had been neatly inscribed.\nThe man said that the pen was worth ￡50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for ￡30.\nI shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay ￡5.\nGesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous,\nbut he eventually reduced the price to 10 pounds.\nShrugging my shoulders I began to walk away when,\na moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands.\nThough he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the ￡5 I gave him.\nI felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain--until I got back to the ship.\nNo matter how hard I tried,\nit was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!",
-    "textTranslate": "当那艘大型客轮驶入港口时，载满货物的小船迅速朝它驶去。\n在它抛锚之前，小船上的人就已经爬上了大船。\n很快，这些甲板上就铺上了来自波斯的彩色地毯。\n来自印度的丝绸、铜制的咖啡壶，以及精美的手工银器。\n很难抗拒这种诱惑。\n船上的许多游客已经开始与商贩们讨价还价了。\n但我决定在离船之前不买任何东西。\n我刚下船，就立刻被一个男人缠住了——他想要向我推销一枚钻石戒指。\n我本来就没有打算买一个的。\n但我无法隐瞒这样一个事实：这些钻石的尺寸确实让我印象深刻。\n其中一些钻石有弹珠那么大。\n这个人付出了巨大的努力来证明这些钻石是真品。\n当我们经过一家商店时，他用力将那颗钻石压在窗户上，从而在玻璃上留下了一个明显的印记。\n我花了半个多小时才把他打发走。\n下一个向我走来的人在推销昂贵的钢笔和手表。\n我仔细检查了其中一支笔。它看起来确实是真的。\n在金笔帽的底部，刻着‘美国制造’的字样，非常工整。\n那个人说这支笔的价值是 50 英镑，但作为一项特别的优惠，他愿意以 30 英镑的价格把笔卖给我。\n我摇了摇头，然后竖起了五根手指，表示我愿意支付 5 英镑。\n那男人夸张地比划着，好像我的报价让他很生气，\n但他最终将价格降到了10英镑。\n我耸了耸肩，正准备走开时，突然……\n过了一会儿，他追上来，把那支笔塞到了我的手里。\n尽管他绝望地举起双臂，但还是爽快地收下了我给的5英镑。\n我对这笔“超值”的交易感到非常满意——直到我回到船上。\n不管我怎么试，\n这枝漂亮的钢笔根本无法装上墨水；直到今天，它仍然一个字也没写过！",
+    "text": "Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour. \nBefore she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board \nand the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, \nsilks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. \nIt was difficult not to be tempted. \nMany of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, \nbut I decided not to buy anything until I had disembarked.\n\nI had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring. \nI had no intention of buying one, \nbut I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds. \nSome of them were as big as marbles. \nThe man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real. \nAs we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass. \nIt took me over half an hour to get rid of him.\n\nThe next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches. \nI examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. \nAt the base of the gold cap, the words 'made in the U.S.A.' had been neatly inscribed. \nThe man said that the pen was worth ￡50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for ￡30. \nI shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay ￡5. \nGesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, \nbut he eventually reduced the price to 10 pounds. \nShrugging my shoulders I began to walk away when, \na moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. \nThough he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the ￡5 I gave him. \nI felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain--until I got back to the ship. \nNo matter how hard I tried, \nit was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single word!",
+    "textTranslate": "当那艘大型客轮驶入港口时，载满货物的小船迅速朝它驶去。 \n在它抛锚之前，小船上的人就已经爬上了大船。 \n很快，这些甲板上就铺上了来自波斯的彩色地毯。 \n来自印度的丝绸、铜制的咖啡壶，以及精美的手工银器。 \n很难抗拒这种诱惑。 \n船上的许多游客已经开始与商贩们讨价还价了。 \n但我决定在离船之前不买任何东西。 \n\n我刚下船，就立刻被一个男人缠住了——他想要向我推销一枚钻石戒指。 \n我本来就没有打算买一个的。 \n但我无法隐瞒这样一个事实：这些钻石的尺寸确实让我印象深刻。 \n其中一些钻石有弹珠那么大。 \n这个人付出了巨大的努力来证明这些钻石是真品。 \n当我们经过一家商店时，他用力将那颗钻石压在窗户上，从而在玻璃上留下了一个明显的印记。 \n我花了半个多小时才把他打发走。 \n\n下一个向我走来的人在推销昂贵的钢笔和手表。 \n我仔细检查了其中一支笔。它看起来确实是真的。 \n在金笔帽的底部，刻着‘美国制造’的字样，非常工整。 \n那个人说这支笔的价值是 50 英镑，但作为一项特别的优惠，他愿意以 30 英镑的价格把笔卖给我。 \n我摇了摇头，然后竖起了五根手指，表示我愿意支付 5 英镑。 \n那男人夸张地比划着，好像我的报价让他很生气， \n但他最终将价格降到了10英镑。 \n我耸了耸肩，正准备走开时，突然…… \n过了一会儿，他追上来，把那支笔塞到了我的手里。 \n尽管他绝望地举起双臂，但还是爽快地收下了我给的5英镑。 \n我对这笔“超值”的交易感到非常满意——直到我回到船上。 \n不管我怎么试， \n这枝漂亮的钢笔根本无法装上墨水；直到今天，它仍然一个字也没写过！",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.72,
       "text": "Why was even five pounds 'too dear' ?",
@@ -530,13 +554,15 @@
     "id": "c_x1RZ",
     "title": "Funny or not?",
     "titleTranslate": "是否可笑？",
-    "text": "Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.\nThe sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.\nA Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.\nIn the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke\nwhich would make an Englishman laugh to tears.\nMost funny stories are based on comic situations.\nIn spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.\nNo matter where you live,\nyou would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.\nHowever, a new type of humour, which stems largely from U.S., has recently come into fashion.\nIt is called 'sick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.\nMany people find this sort of joke distasteful.\nThe following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.\nA man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.\nFrom the moment he arrived there,\nhe kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.\nHe dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.\nThough the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.\nOn Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.\nHe spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.\nThe following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him\nthat his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.\nThe man took heart and sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party.\nTo compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital,\nthe man drank a little more than was good for him.\nIn the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.\nHe was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.",
-    "textTranslate": "我们是否觉得某个笑话好笑，很大程度上取决于我们的成长环境（即我们是在什么样的环境中长大的）。\n幽默感似乎与一个国家的民族特性有着某种神秘的联系（或者说，幽默感是受民族特性影响的）。\n例如，一个法国人可能很难被一个俄罗斯笑话逗笑。\n同样地，一个俄罗斯人可能根本看不出某个笑话有什么好笑的地方。\n而这个笑话却能让英国人笑出眼泪。\n大多数有趣的故事都是基于一些滑稽、搞笑的情境创作的。\n尽管存在文化差异，但某些有趣的情境却具有普遍的吸引力（即能够引起全球人们的共鸣）。\n无论你住在哪里，\n你很难不笑出来，比如说，看查理·卓别林的早期电影。\n然而，最近一种新型的幽默风格开始流行起来，这种幽默主要源自美国。\n这被称为“病态幽默”（sick humour）。喜剧演员的笑料往往基于一些悲剧性场景，比如暴力死亡或严重事故。\n很多人觉得这种类型的笑话很令人反感（或：很无趣、很糟糕）。\n以下这个“病态幽默”（sick humour）的例子，可以让你自己判断一下这种幽默风格到底如何。\n一名右腿骨折的男子在圣诞节前几周被送往医院。\n从他到达那里的那一刻起，\n他一直缠着医生，想知道自己什么时候可以回家。\n他非常害怕不得不在医院里度过圣诞节。\n尽管医生尽了最大努力，患者的康复进程仍然很缓慢。\n在圣诞节那天，那个人的右腿仍然打着石膏。\n他在床上度过了痛苦的一天，一直在想着自己错过的所有乐趣。\n然而，第二天医生安慰他说：\n他按时出院、能够参加新年庆祝活动的几率很大。\n那男人重新振作起来，果然在除夕夜时，他还能一瘸一拐地赶到参加派对。\n为了弥补他在医院里所经历的不愉快经历，\n那个人喝得有点过量了。\n在这个过程中，他玩得非常开心，还不停地告诉所有人他有多讨厌医院。\n派对结束时，他还在嘟囔着关于医院的事情；突然，他踩到一块冰，摔倒了，导致左腿骨折。",
+    "text": "Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. \nThe sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. \nA Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. \nIn the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke \nwhich would make an Englishman laugh to tears.\n\nMost funny stories are based on comic situations. \nIn spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. \nNo matter where you live, \nyou would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. \nHowever, a new type of humour, which stems largely from U.S., has recently come into fashion. \nIt is called 'sick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. \nMany people find this sort of joke distasteful. \nThe following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.\n\nA man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. \nFrom the moment he arrived there, \nhe kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. \nHe dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. \nThough the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. \nOn Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. \nHe spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. \nThe following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him \nthat his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. \nThe man took heart and sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. \nTo compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, \nthe man drank a little more than was good for him. \nIn the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. \nHe was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.",
+    "textTranslate": "我们是否觉得某个笑话好笑，很大程度上取决于我们的成长环境。 \n幽默感似乎与一个国家的民族特性有着某种神秘的联系。 \n例如，一个法国人可能很难被一个俄罗斯笑话逗笑。 \n同样地，一个俄罗斯人可能根本看不出某个笑话有什么好笑的地方。 \n而这个笑话却能让英国人笑出眼泪。 \n\n大多数有趣的故事都是基于一些滑稽、搞笑的情境创作的。 \n尽管存在文化差异，但某些有趣的情境却具有普遍的吸引力。 \n无论你住在哪里， \n你很难不笑出来，比如说，看查理·卓别林的早期电影。 \n然而，最近一种新型的幽默风格开始流行起来，这种幽默主要源自美国。 \n这被称为“病态幽默”。喜剧演员的笑料往往基于一些悲剧性场景，比如暴力死亡或严重事故。 \n很多人觉得这种类型的笑话很令人反感。 \n以下这个“病态幽默”的例子，可以让你自己判断一下这种幽默风格到底如何。 \n\n一名右腿骨折的男子在圣诞节前几周被送往医院。 \n从他到达那里的那一刻起， \n他一直缠着医生，想知道自己什么时候可以回家。 \n他非常害怕不得不在医院里度过圣诞节。 \n尽管医生尽了最大努力，患者的康复进程仍然很缓慢。 \n在圣诞节那天，那个人的右腿仍然打着石膏。 \n他在床上度过了痛苦的一天，一直在想着自己错过的所有乐趣。 \n然而，第二天医生安慰他说： \n他按时出院、能够参加新年庆祝活动的几率很大。 \n那男人重新振作起来，果然在除夕夜时，他还能一瘸一拐地赶到参加派对。 \n为了弥补他在医院里所经历的不愉快经历， \n那个人喝得有点过量了。 \n在这个过程中，他玩得非常开心，还不停地告诉所有人他有多讨厌医院。 \n派对结束时，他还在嘟囔着关于医院的事情；突然，他踩到一块冰，摔倒了，导致左腿骨折。",
     "newWords": [],
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/29－Funny or Not.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.34,
       "text": "What is the basis of 'sick' humour?",
@@ -548,13 +574,15 @@
     "id": "kBNJXg",
     "title": "The death of a ghost",
     "titleTranslate": "幽灵之死",
-    "text": "For years, villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted.\nThe farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.\nThey employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long.\nEvery time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.\nFarm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight.\nHay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned.\nA farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.\nIn time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.\nNo one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.\nThis was indeed the case.\nA short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died.\nEveryone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox,\na third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man.\nAfter the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years.\nEric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers.\nHe had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.\nAs he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment.\nWhen he learnt that he would be sent abroad,\nhe returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war.\nFearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.\nHis father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action.\nThe only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob.\nThey did not even tell their wives.\nWhen their father died they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.\nAll these years, Eric had lived as a recluse.\nHe used to sleep during the day and work at night,\nquite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.\nWhen he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.",
-    "textTranslate": "多年来，村民们一直相信恩德利农场有鬼魂出没。\n这个农场归两兄弟乔·考克斯和鲍勃·考克斯所有。\n他们雇了一些农场工人，但没有人愿意在那里长期工作。\n每次有工人辞职时，他都会讲述同一个故事。\n农场工人们说，他们早上醒来时总会发现，头天晚上的活儿都干完了。\n干草已经被割下，牛棚也已经被清理干净了。\n一位熬夜的农场工人声称，他曾在月光下看见一个人影在收割庄稼。\n久而久之，大家就都相信考克斯兄弟雇了个勤快的鬼，帮他们干了大部分的活儿。\n谁也没想到农场里还藏着个谁也没见过的人。\n事实确实如此。\n不久前，村民们听说恩德利的鬼魂死了，都大吃一惊。\n大家都参加了葬礼，因为那个“鬼魂”其实就是埃里克·考克斯。\n是他们的三弟，人们原以为他年轻时就死了。\n葬礼结束后，乔和鲍勃透露了一个他们保守了五十多年的秘密。\n埃里克是家中的老大，比两个弟弟年长很多。\n在第二次世界大战期间，他被迫加入了军队。\n因为他特别讨厌军队生活，就决定当逃兵。\n当他得知自己将被派往国外时，\n他回到了农场，他的父亲把他藏了起来，直到战争结束。\n因为怕被政府发现，埃里克战后也一直躲着。\n他的父亲告诉所有人，埃里克在战斗中牺牲了。\n除了乔和鲍勃，再没有别人知道这个秘密了。\n他们甚至都没有告诉自己的妻子。\n父亲去世后，他们觉得继续把埃里克藏起来是自己的责任。\n这些年来，埃里克一直过着隐居的生活。\n他过去常常在白天睡觉，晚上工作。\n他压根儿不知道自己已经成了恩德利的鬼。\n然而，当他去世后，他的兄弟们发现再也无法保守这个秘密了。",
+    "text": "For years, villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted. \nThe farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. \nThey employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. \nEvery time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. \nFarm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. \nHay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. \nA farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. \nIn time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them.\n\nNo one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. \nThis was indeed the case. \nA short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died. \nEveryone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, \na third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. \nAfter the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years.\n\nEric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. \nHe had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. \nAs he hated army life, he decided to desert his regiment. \nWhen he learnt that he would be sent abroad, \nhe returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. \nFearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. \nHis father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. \nThe only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. \nThey did not even tell their wives. \nWhen their father died they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. \nAll these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. \nHe used to sleep during the day and work at night, \nquite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. \nWhen he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.",
+    "textTranslate": "多年来，村民们一直相信恩德利农场有鬼魂出没。 \n这个农场归两兄弟乔·考克斯和鲍勃·考克斯所有。 \n他们雇了一些农场工人，但没有人愿意在那里长期工作。 \n每次有工人辞职时，他都会讲述同一个故事。 \n农场工人们说，他们早上醒来时总会发现，头天晚上的活儿都干完了。 \n干草已经被割下，牛棚也已经被清理干净了。 \n一位熬夜的农场工人声称，他曾在月光下看见一个人影在收割庄稼。 \n久而久之，大家就都相信考克斯兄弟雇了个勤快的鬼，帮他们干了大部分的活儿。 \n\n谁也没想到农场里还藏着个谁也没见过的人。 \n事实确实如此。 \n不久前，村民们听说恩德利的鬼魂死了，都大吃一惊。 \n大家都参加了葬礼，因为那个“鬼魂”其实就是埃里克·考克斯。 \n是他们的三弟，人们原以为他年轻时就死了。 \n葬礼结束后，乔和鲍勃透露了一个他们保守了五十多年的秘密。 \n\n埃里克是家中的老大，比两个弟弟年长很多。 \n在第二次世界大战期间，他被迫加入了军队。 \n因为他特别讨厌军队生活，就决定当逃兵。 \n当他得知自己将被派往国外时， \n他回到了农场，他的父亲把他藏了起来，直到战争结束。 \n因为怕被政府发现，埃里克战后也一直躲着。 \n他的父亲告诉所有人，埃里克在战斗中牺牲了。 \n除了乔和鲍勃，再没有别人知道这个秘密了。 \n他们甚至都没有告诉自己的妻子。 \n父亲去世后，他们觉得继续把埃里克藏起来是自己的责任。 \n这些年来，埃里克一直过着隐居的生活。 \n他过去常常在白天睡觉，晚上工作。 \n他压根儿不知道自己已经成了恩德利的鬼。 \n然而，当他去世后，他的兄弟们发现再也无法保守这个秘密了。",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/30－The Death of a Ghost.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.46,
       "text": "Why did the two brothers keep the secret?",
@@ -566,13 +594,15 @@
     "id": "VY9lJM",
     "title": "A lovable eccentric",
     "titleTranslate": "可爱的怪人",
-    "text": "True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves.\nThey disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.\nThis invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.\nUp to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town.\nHe was a shrewd and wealthy businessman,\nbut most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life.\nHe was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.\nDickie disliked snobs intensely.\nThough he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot.\nEven when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella.\nOne day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower.\nHe wanted to buy a ￡300 watch for his wife,\nbut he was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him.\nDickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag.\nAs it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter.\nThe assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager.\nRecognizing who the customer was,\nthe manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.\nWhen Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag.\nIt contained ￡300 in pennies.\nHe insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left--30, 000 pennies in all!\nOn another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings.\nThis exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press,\nfor though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists,\nthey had in fact been painted by Dickie.\nIt took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.",
-    "textTranslate": "真正的怪人从来都不会刻意去吸引别人的注意。\n他们无视社会习俗，却完全没有意识到自己的行为有什么特别之处。\n这无疑为他们赢得了他人的喜爱与尊重，因为他们为平淡的日常生活增添了色彩。\n直到去世，理查德·科尔森一直是我们镇上最杰出的人物之一。\n他是一位精明且富有的商人。\n但镇上的大多数人对他这一面的生活几乎一无所知。\n我们都叫他迪基，他的古怪行为早在他去世前就已成了传奇。\n迪基极其讨厌势利小人。\n尽管他拥有一辆豪车，但他几乎从不使用它，总是更喜欢步行出行。\n即使下着大雨，他也拒绝打伞。\n一天，他在一场倾盆大雨中淋得湿透后，走进了一家高档商店。\n他想给妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。\n但他当时的样子实在太狼狈了，以至于店员拒绝为他服务。\n迪基一言不发地离开了商店，然后回来时手里拿着一个大布袋。\n由于它非常重，他就把它扔在了柜台上。\n助理让他离开，但迪基根本没理会，反而要求见经理。\n认出了这位顾客是谁，\n经理非常抱歉，并严厉地训斥了那位助理。\n当迪基收到那块手表时，他把那个布袋送给了助手。\n里面装着300英镑的便士。\n他坚持要求店员当面把钱点清——总共三万枚便士！\n还有一次，他邀请了许多知名评论家来参观他的私人现代绘画收藏。\n这个展览在媒体上受到了极大的关注。\n因为尽管这些画被认为是著名艺术家的作品，\n实际上，这些画都是迪基画的。\n他花了四年时间精心策划这个恶作剧，只是为了证明评论家们并非总是言之有物。",
+    "text": "True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. \nThey disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. \nThis invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.\n\nUp to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. \nHe was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, \nbut most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. \nHe was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.\n\nDickie disliked snobs intensely. \nThough he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. \nEven when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. \nOne day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. \nHe wanted to buy a ￡300 watch for his wife, \nbut he was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him. \nDickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. \nAs it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. \nThe assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. \nRecognizing who the customer was, \nthe manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely. \nWhen Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag. \nIt contained ￡300 in pennies. \nHe insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left--30, 000 pennies in all! \nOn another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. \nThis exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, \nfor though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, \nthey had in fact been painted by Dickie. \nIt took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.",
+    "textTranslate": "真正的怪人从来都不会刻意去吸引别人的注意。 \n他们无视社会习俗，却完全没有意识到自己的行为有什么特别之处。 \n这无疑为他们赢得了他人的喜爱与尊重，因为他们为平淡的日常生活增添了色彩。 \n\n直到去世，理查德·科尔森一直是我们镇上最杰出的人物之一。 \n他是一位精明且富有的商人。 \n但镇上的大多数人对他这一面的生活几乎一无所知。 \n我们都叫他迪基，他的古怪行为早在他去世前就已成了传奇。 \n\n迪基极其讨厌势利小人。 \n尽管他拥有一辆豪车，但他几乎从不使用它，总是更喜欢步行出行。 \n即使下着大雨，他也拒绝打伞。 \n一天，他在一场倾盆大雨中淋得湿透后，走进了一家高档商店。 \n他想给妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。 \n但他当时的样子实在太狼狈了，以至于店员拒绝为他服务。 \n迪基一言不发地离开了商店，然后回来时手里拿着一个大布袋。 \n由于它非常重，他就把它扔在了柜台上。 \n助理让他离开，但迪基根本没理会，反而要求见经理。 \n认出了这位顾客是谁， \n经理非常抱歉，并严厉地训斥了那位助理。 \n当迪基收到那块手表时，他把那个布袋送给了助手。 \n里面装着300英镑的便士。 \n他坚持要求店员当面把钱点清——总共三万枚便士！ \n还有一次，他邀请了许多知名评论家来参观他的私人现代绘画收藏。 \n这个展览在媒体上受到了极大的关注。 \n因为尽管这些画被认为是著名艺术家的作品， \n实际上，这些画都是迪基画的。 \n他花了四年时间精心策划这个恶作剧，只是为了证明评论家们并非总是言之有物。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/31－A Lovable Eccentric.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.58,
       "text": "Why did the shop assistant refuse to serve Dickie?",
@@ -584,13 +614,15 @@
     "id": "qZzuvx",
     "title": "A lost ship",
     "titleTranslate": "一艘沉船",
-    "text": "The salvage operation had been a complete failure.\nThe small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home.\nA radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search.\nThe captain knew that another attempt would be made later,\nfor the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.\nDespite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more.\nThe sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.\nThough the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found,\nthe contents of the chest proved them wrong.\nWhat they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.\nThe chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.\nThere were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife.\nThe captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.\nNothing of value was found,\nbut the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest.\nFrom a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser.\nIn another chest which contained the belongings of a ship's officer,\nthere was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943.\nThe captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen.\nThe most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.\nFrom this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light.\nThe Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.\nThis was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home.\nAll the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.",
-    "textTranslate": "这次打捞作业彻底失败了。\n那艘名为“Elkor”的小船已经在巴伦支海搜寻了数周，现在正返回家中。\n船长接收到了一则来自大陆的无线电消息，命令他停止搜索。\n船长知道，稍后还会有人再次尝试。\n因为他试图寻找的那艘沉船，当时正载着一批珍贵的黄金货物。\n尽管收到了那条消息，埃尔科号（Elkor）的船长还是决定再试一次。\n海床被强大的渔网彻底清理过；当一个箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的所有人都兴奋不已。\n虽然船员们最初以为那艘失踪的船只已经被找到了，\n箱子里的物品证明他们是错的。\n他们实际上发现的是一艘多年前就已经沉没的船只。\n这个箱子里装着水手艾伦·菲尔丁的个人物品。\n那里有书籍、衣物和照片，还有一些信件——这些都是那位水手曾经从他的妻子那里收到的。\n埃尔科号（Elkor）的船长命令他的船员们从残骸中尽可能多地抢救出有用的物品。\n没有发现任何有价值的东西。\n但是，那些被发掘出来的众多物品都引起了极大的兴趣。\n当那门大炮被抬起来时，船长意识到这艘船应该是一艘巡洋舰。\n在另一个箱子里，装着一名船员的个人物品。\n有一封未完成的信，写于1943年3月14日。\n从这封信中，船长得知那艘失踪的船只的名字叫“Karen”。\n最珍贵的发现是那艘船的航海日志；其中的一部分内容仍然可以辨认出来。\n通过这些信息，船长得以整理出所有已经公开的事实和细节。\n那艘名为“Karen”的船当时正与一支船队一起前往俄罗斯，途中被敌方潜艇发射的鱼雷击中。\n这一事件在“Elkor”号返回国内后，得到了国防部海军官员的证实。\n船上发现的所有物品都被送到了战争博物馆。",
+    "text": "The salvage operation had been a complete failure. \nThe small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. \nA radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search. \nThe captain knew that another attempt would be made later, \nfor the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.\n\nDespite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. \nThe sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom. \nThough the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, \nthe contents of the chest proved them wrong. \nWhat they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.\n\nThe chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. \nThere were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. \nThe captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. \nNothing of value was found, \nbut the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. \nFrom a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. \nIn another chest which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, \nthere was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. \nThe captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. \nThe most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. \nFrom this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. \nThe Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. \nThis was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home. \nAll the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.",
+    "textTranslate": "这次打捞作业彻底失败了。 \n那艘名为“Elkor”的小船已经在巴伦支海搜寻了数周，现在正返回家中。 \n船长接收到了一则来自大陆的无线电消息，命令他停止搜索。 \n船长知道，稍后还会有人再次尝试。 \n因为他试图寻找的那艘沉船，当时正载着一批珍贵的黄金货物。 \n\n尽管收到了那条消息，埃尔科号（Elkor）的船长还是决定再试一次。 \n海床被强大的渔网彻底清理过；当一个箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的所有人都兴奋不已。 \n虽然船员们最初以为那艘失踪的船只已经被找到了， \n箱子里的物品证明他们是错的。 \n他们实际上发现的是一艘多年前就已经沉没的船只。 \n\n这个箱子里装着水手艾伦·菲尔丁的个人物品。 \n那里有书籍、衣物和照片，还有一些信件——这些都是那位水手曾经从他的妻子那里收到的。 \n埃尔科号（Elkor）的船长命令他的船员们从残骸中尽可能多地抢救出有用的物品。 \n没有发现任何有价值的东西。 \n但是，那些被发掘出来的众多物品都引起了极大的兴趣。 \n当那门大炮被抬起来时，船长意识到这艘船应该是一艘巡洋舰。 \n在另一个箱子里，装着一名船员的个人物品。 \n有一封未完成的信，写于1943年3月14日。 \n从这封信中，船长得知那艘失踪的船只的名字叫“Karen”。 \n最珍贵的发现是那艘船的航海日志；其中的一部分内容仍然可以辨认出来。 \n通过这些信息，船长得以整理出所有已经公开的事实和细节。 \n那艘名为“Karen”的船当时正与一支船队一起前往俄罗斯，途中被敌方潜艇发射的鱼雷击中。 \n这一事件在“Elkor”号返回国内后，得到了国防部海军官员的证实。 \n船上发现的所有物品都被送到了战争博物馆。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.03,
       "text": "Did the crew of the Elkor find what they were looking for? Why?",
@@ -602,13 +634,15 @@
     "id": "cXh-TT",
     "title": "A day t remember",
     "titleTranslate": "难忘的一天",
-    "text": "We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong.\nA day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.\nWhat invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.\nIt is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.\nLet us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time.\nThe telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes.\nWhile you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table,\nsmashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process.\nYou hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc.\nMeanwhile, the meal gets burnt.\nAs if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.\nThings can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.\nDuring the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue.\nThe woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner.\nShe suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car.\nThis made the driver following her brake hard.\nHis wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake.\nAs she was thrown forward,\nthe cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road.\nSeeing a cake flying through the air,\na lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden.\nThe lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road.\nThis led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind.\nIt took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again.\nIn the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles.\nOnly two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.\nIt was just one of those days!",
-    "textTranslate": "我们都经历过那些一切都出错的日子。\n一天可能开始得很顺利，但突然间，一切似乎都失控了。\n不可避免的是，许多事情会在同一时刻同时出错。\n就好像某个看似微不足道的事件引发了一连串的连锁反应。\n假设你一边准备饭菜，一边还要照看婴儿。\n电话突然响了，而这成了随后一系列意外事件的导火线。\n你在打电话时，婴儿把桌布从桌子上扯了下来，\n打碎了你一半最好的餐具，还把自己划伤了。\n你匆忙挂断电话，然后开始处理婴儿和餐具的问题……\n与此同时，饭菜被烧焦了。\n仿佛这些还不够让你心烦意乱似的，你的丈夫突然回来了，还带着三位客人一起来吃晚饭。\n最近，在悉尼的郊区帕拉马塔，许多人发现事情也可能在大范围内出错。\n一天晚上的高峰时段，两辆车发生了碰撞，两名司机随即开始争吵。\n就坐在那两辆车后面的那位女士，恰好是一名正在学习驾驶的新手。\n她突然陷入了恐慌，立刻停下了车子。\n这导致跟在她后面的司机也紧急踩下了刹车。\n他的妻子坐在他旁边，手里拿着一个大蛋糕。\n当她被向前抛出时……\n蛋糕直接穿过了挡风玻璃，落在了路上。\n看到一个蛋糕在空中飞过……\n一名正在靠近那辆汽车的卡车司机突然停了下来。\n卡车上装满了空啤酒瓶，结果有数百个瓶子从卡车后部滑落到了路上。\n这又引发了一场激烈的争吵。与此同时，后面的交通也陷入了堵塞。\n警察花了将近一个小时才让交通恢复正常。\n在此期间，卡车司机不得不把那些破碎的瓶子全部清理干净。\n只有两只流浪狗从这场混乱中得到了好处——它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。\n唉，这不过是又平常的一天罢了！",
+    "text": "We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. \nA day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. \nWhat invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment. \nIt is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. \nLet us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. \nThe telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. \nWhile you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, \nsmashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process. \nYou hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. \nMeanwhile, the meal gets burnt. \nAs if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.\n\nThings can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney. \nDuring the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue. \nThe woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. \nShe suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. \nThis made the driver following her brake hard. \nHis wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. \nAs she was thrown forward, \nthe cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. \nSeeing a cake flying through the air, \na lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden. \nThe lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. \nThis led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. \nIt took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. \nIn the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. \nOnly two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. \nIt was just one of those days!",
+    "textTranslate": "我们都经历过那些一切都出错的日子。 \n一天可能开始得很顺利，但突然间，一切似乎都失控了。 \n不可避免的是，许多事情会在同一时刻同时出错。 \n就好像某个看似微不足道的事件引发了一连串的连锁反应。 \n假设你一边准备饭菜，一边还要照看婴儿。 \n电话突然响了，而这成了随后一系列意外事件的导火线。 \n你在打电话时，婴儿把桌布从桌子上扯了下来， \n打碎了你一半最好的餐具，还把自己划伤了。 \n你匆忙挂断电话，然后开始处理婴儿和餐具的问题…… \n与此同时，饭菜被烧焦了。 \n仿佛这些还不够让你心烦意乱似的，你的丈夫突然回来了，还带着三位客人一起来吃晚饭。 \n\n最近，在悉尼的郊区帕拉马塔，许多人发现事情也可能在大范围内出错。 \n一天晚上的高峰时段，两辆车发生了碰撞，两名司机随即开始争吵。 \n就坐在那两辆车后面的那位女士，恰好是一名正在学习驾驶的新手。 \n她突然陷入了恐慌，立刻停下了车子。 \n这导致跟在她后面的司机也紧急踩下了刹车。 \n他的妻子坐在他旁边，手里拿着一个大蛋糕。 \n当她被向前抛出时…… \n蛋糕直接穿过了挡风玻璃，落在了路上。 \n看到一个蛋糕在空中飞过…… \n一名正在靠近那辆汽车的卡车司机突然停了下来。 \n卡车上装满了空啤酒瓶，结果有数百个瓶子从卡车后部滑落到了路上。 \n这又引发了一场激烈的争吵。与此同时，后面的交通也陷入了堵塞。 \n警察花了将近一个小时才让交通恢复正常。 \n在此期间，卡车司机不得不把那些破碎的瓶子全部清理干净。 \n只有两只流浪狗从这场混乱中得到了好处——它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。 \n唉，这不过是又平常的一天罢了！",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/33－A Day to Remember.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 8.98,
       "text": "What incident began the series of traffic accidents?",
@@ -620,13 +654,15 @@
     "id": "Ws4vj5",
     "title": "A happy discovery",
     "titleTranslate": "幸运的发现",
-    "text": "Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.\nThe more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases\nto keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place.\nBut no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop.\nThere is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.\nNo one discovers a rarity by chance.\nA truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience,\nand above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it.\nTo do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer.\nLike a scientist bent on making a discovery,\nhe must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.\nMy old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person.\nHe has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere ￡50.\nOne Saturday morning, Frank visited an antique shop in my neighbourhood.\nAs he had never been there before, he found a great deal to interest him.\nThe morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing case lying on the floor.\nThe dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it.\nFrank begged him to do so and the dealer reluctantly prised it open.\nThe contents were disappointing.\nApart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken.\nFrank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and suddenly noticed a miniature painting at the bottom of the packing case.\nAs its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it.\nGlancing at it briefly the dealer told him that it was worth ￡50.\nFrank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he had made a real discovery.\nThe tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was worth hundreds and thousands of pounds.",
-    "textTranslate": "古董店对许多人来说具有独特的吸引力。\n那种价格较高的古董店，里面的稀有物品都被精心地陈列在玻璃展柜中。\n为了防止这些物品积灰，这样的地方通常令人望而却步。\n不过，进入那些不那么讲究排场的古董店时，根本不需要鼓起什么勇气。\n总有一种希望：在那充满霉味、黑暗且杂乱无章的房间里，人们或许能在散落在地板上的各种杂物堆中找到某件真正珍贵的东西。\n没有人能偶然发现稀有物品。\n一个真正热衷于寻找便宜货的人，必须具备耐心。\n最重要的是，当他看到某样东西时，能够认识到它的价值。\n为了做到这一点，他至少必须具备与经销商同等的知识水平。\n就像一位致力于做出发现的科学家一样……\n他必须珍惜这个希望：总有一天，他会得到丰厚的回报。\n我的老朋友弗兰克·霍利迪，就是这样的一个人。\n他经常跟我讲述自己是如何以仅仅 50 英镑的价格买到了一件杰作的。\n一个星期六的早晨，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古董店。\n由于他以前从未去过那里，因此发现了许多令他感兴趣的东西。\n早晨过得很快，弗兰克正准备离开时，他注意到地上放着一个大包裹箱。\n经销商告诉他，这个商品刚刚到货，但他懒得去打开它。\n弗兰克恳求他这么做，于是经销商不情愿地撬开了那个箱子。\n里面的东西令人失望。\n除了那把外观精美的雕刻匕首外，盒子里还装满了陶器，其中大部分都已经破碎了。\n弗兰克小心翼翼地将陶器从盒子里取出来，突然发现包装箱的底部有一幅微型画。\n由于这幅画的构图和线条让他联想到一幅他非常熟悉的意大利画作，他决定买下它。\n经销商匆匆看了一眼后告诉他，这幅画的价值是50英镑。\n弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己的兴奋之情，因为他知道自己发现了一件真正的珍宝。\n这幅小小的画作后来被证实是科雷乔（Correggio）的一幅不为人知的杰作，价值高达数十万英镑。",
+    "text": "Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. \nThe more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases \nto keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place. \nBut no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop. \nThere is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.\n\nNo one discovers a rarity by chance. \nA truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, \nand above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it. \nTo do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer. \nLike a scientist bent on making a discovery, \nhe must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.\n\nMy old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person. \nHe has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere ￡50. \nOne Saturday morning, Frank visited an antique shop in my neighbourhood. \nAs he had never been there before, he found a great deal to interest him. \nThe morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing case lying on the floor. \nThe dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it. \nFrank begged him to do so and the dealer reluctantly prised it open. \nThe contents were disappointing. \nApart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken. \nFrank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and suddenly noticed a miniature painting at the bottom of the packing case. \nAs its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it. \nGlancing at it briefly the dealer told him that it was worth ￡50. \nFrank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he had made a real discovery. \nThe tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was worth hundreds and thousands of pounds.",
+    "textTranslate": "古董店对许多人来说具有独特的吸引力。 \n那种价格较高的古董店，里面的稀有物品都被精心地陈列在玻璃展柜中。 \n为了防止这些物品积灰，这样的地方通常令人望而却步。 \n不过，进入那些不那么讲究排场的古董店时，根本不需要鼓起什么勇气。 \n总有一种希望：在那充满霉味、黑暗且杂乱无章的房间里，人们或许能在散落在地板上的各种杂物堆中找到某件真正珍贵的东西。 \n\n没有人能偶然发现稀有物品。 \n一个真正热衷于寻找便宜货的人，必须具备耐心。 \n最重要的是，当他看到某样东西时，能够认识到它的价值。 \n为了做到这一点，他至少必须具备与经销商同等的知识水平。 \n就像一位致力于做出发现的科学家一样…… \n他必须珍惜这个希望：总有一天，他会得到丰厚的回报。 \n\n我的老朋友弗兰克·霍利迪，就是这样的一个人。 \n他经常跟我讲述自己是如何以仅仅 50 英镑的价格买到了一件杰作的。 \n一个星期六的早晨，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古董店。 \n由于他以前从未去过那里，因此发现了许多令他感兴趣的东西。 \n早晨过得很快，弗兰克正准备离开时，他注意到地上放着一个大包裹箱。 \n经销商告诉他，这个商品刚刚到货，但他懒得去打开它。 \n弗兰克恳求他这么做，于是经销商不情愿地撬开了那个箱子。 \n里面的东西令人失望。 \n除了那把外观精美的雕刻匕首外，盒子里还装满了陶器，其中大部分都已经破碎了。 \n弗兰克小心翼翼地将陶器从盒子里取出来，突然发现包装箱的底部有一幅微型画。 \n由于这幅画的构图和线条让他联想到一幅他非常熟悉的意大利画作，他决定买下它。 \n经销商匆匆看了一眼后告诉他，这幅画的价值是50英镑。 \n弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己的兴奋之情，因为他知道自己发现了一件真正的珍宝。 \n这幅小小的画作后来被证实是科雷乔（Correggio）的一幅不为人知的杰作，价值高达数十万英镑。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.99,
       "text": "What was the 'happy discovery' ?",
@@ -638,31 +674,35 @@
     "id": "g89ubK",
     "title": "Justice was done",
     "titleTranslate": "伸张正义",
-    "text": "What is the distinction between them?\nThe word justice is usually associated with courts of law.\nWe might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt.\nJustice is part of the complex machinery of the law.\nThose who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.\nJudges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.\nThere are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.\nReward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference.\nAt such times, justice acts like a living force.\nWhen we use a phrase like 'it serves him right',\nwe are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.\nWhen a thief was caught on the premises of a large jewellery store one morning,\nthe shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'.\nThe shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys.\nTowards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls.\nAs the cry was repeated several times,\nshe ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade.\nThe cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys,\nbut as there were so many of them, the firemen could not be certain which one it was.\nThey located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries.\nAfter chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick,\nthey found that a man had been trapped in the chimney.\nAs it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move,\nbut the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall.\nThe sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged,\nadmitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney.\nHe had been there for nearly ten hours.\nJustice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.",
-    "textTranslate": "它们之间的区别是什么？\n“正义”这个词通常与法庭联系在一起。\n我们可以说，当一个人的清白或罪行被确凿无疑地证明时，正义就得到了伸张。\n正义是法律这一复杂体系的重要组成部分。\n那些追寻它的人，必须踏上一段艰辛的旅程；而且他们永远无法确定自己是否真的能够找到它。\n然而，无论法官多么明智或德高望重，他们终究也是人，因此也可能会犯错。\n在极少数情况下，正义几乎不再是一个抽象的概念。\n奖惩的施行完全不受人为干预。\n在这样的时刻，正义就像一股活生生的力量。\n当我们使用“这是他应得的”这样的表达时，\n在某种程度上，我们承认：某些特定的情况让正义自行发挥了作用。\n一天早晨，一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店的店内被抓获。\n店员们肯定忍不住想说：“他活该。”\n这家商店是一栋经过改造的旧房子，里面有许多大型、已经废弃的壁炉，以及高而狭窄的烟囱。\n临近中午时分，一个女孩听到从某面墙后面传来的微弱哭声。\n当那声呼喊被重复了几次之后……\n她跑去告诉了经理，经理立刻拨打了消防队的电话。\n那声哭喊肯定是从其中一根烟囱里传出来的。\n但由于烟囱太多，消防员们无法确定是哪一根。\n他们通过敲击墙壁并聆听那个人的呼喊声，最终找到了正确的烟囱。\n在凿穿了一面厚度为十八英寸的墙壁之后……\n他们发现有一名男子被困在了烟囱里。\n由于通道非常狭窄，那个人根本无法移动。\n但是消防员最终通过在墙上切出一个大洞，成功将他救了出来。\n那个狼狈不堪、满身漆黑的身影一出现，\n他立刻承认，自己确实在夜里试图闯入那家商店，但结果被困在了烟囱里。\n他已经在那里待了将近十个小时了。\n正义已经得到了伸张，甚至在那个男人被交给警察之前就已经如此了。",
+    "text": "The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. \nWe might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. \nJustice is part of the complex machinery of the law. \nThose who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. \nJudges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.\n\nThere are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept. \nReward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. \nAt such times, justice acts like a living force. \nWhen we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', \nwe are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.\n\nWhen a thief was caught on the premises of a large jewellery store one morning, \nthe shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'. \nThe shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. \nTowards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls. \nAs the cry was repeated several times, \nshe ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. \nThe cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, \nbut as there were so many of them, the firemen could not be certain which one it was. \nThey located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. \nAfter chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, \nthey found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. \nAs it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, \nbut the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. \nThe sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, \nadmitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. \nHe had been there for nearly ten hours. \nJustice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.",
+    "textTranslate": "“正义”这个词通常与法庭联系在一起。 \n我们可以说，当一个人的清白或罪行被确凿无疑地证明时，正义就得到了伸张。 \n正义是法律这一复杂体系的重要组成部分。 \n那些追寻它的人，必须踏上一段艰辛的旅程；而且他们永远无法确定自己是否真的能够找到它。 \n然而，无论法官多么明智或德高望重，他们终究也是人，因此也可能会犯错。 \n\n在极少数情况下，正义几乎不再是一个抽象的概念。 \n奖惩的施行完全不受人为干预。 \n在这样的时刻，正义就像一股活生生的力量。 \n当我们使用“这是他应得的”这样的表达时， \n在某种程度上，我们承认：某些特定的情况让正义自行发挥了作用。 \n\n一天早晨，一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店的店内被抓获。 \n店员们肯定忍不住想说：“他活该。” \n这家商店是一栋经过改造的旧房子，里面有许多大型、已经废弃的壁炉，以及高而狭窄的烟囱。 \n临近中午时分，一个女孩听到从某面墙后面传来的微弱哭声。 \n当那声呼喊被重复了几次之后…… \n她跑去告诉了经理，经理立刻拨打了消防队的电话。 \n那声哭喊肯定是从其中一根烟囱里传出来的。 \n但由于烟囱太多，消防员们无法确定是哪一根。 \n他们通过敲击墙壁并聆听那个人的呼喊声，最终找到了正确的烟囱。 \n在凿穿了一面厚度为十八英寸的墙壁之后…… \n他们发现有一名男子被困在了烟囱里。 \n由于通道非常狭窄，那个人根本无法移动。 \n但是消防员最终通过在墙上切出一个大洞，成功将他救了出来。 \n那个狼狈不堪、满身漆黑的身影一出现， \n他立刻承认，自己确实在夜里试图闯入那家商店，但结果被困在了烟囱里。 \n他已经在那里待了将近十个小时了。 \n正义已经得到了伸张，甚至在那个男人被交给警察之前就已经如此了。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.56,
-      "text": "The word 'justice' is given two different meanings in the text.",
-      "translate": "在这段文字中，“justice”这个词被赋予了两种不同的含义。",
-      "end": 15.28
+      "text": "The word 'justice' is given two different meanings in the text. What is the distinction between them?",
+      "translate": "在这段文字中，“justice”这个词被赋予了两种不同的含义。它们之间的区别是什么？",
+      "end": 19.85
     }
   },
   {
     "id": "V7fZdo",
     "title": "A chance in a million",
     "titleTranslate": "百万分之一的机遇",
-    "text": "We are less credulous than we used to be.\nIn the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion\nby presenting his readers with a series of coincidences--most of them wildly improbable.\nReaders happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother.\nA long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time\nand wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall. And so on.\nModern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable.\nYet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.\nWhen I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman,\nfound a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before.\nWhile on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman.\nAfter they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband\nand even suggested that he might be his brother.\nFranz poured scorn on the idea,\npointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war.\nThough Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with this story,\nshe thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right.\nA few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman.\nNeedless to say, the man's name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's long-lost brother.\nWhen the brothers were reunited,\nHans explained how it was that he was still alive.\nAfter having been wounded towards the end of the war,\nhe had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit.\nThe hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot.\nMeanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed.\nHans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed\nand no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants.\nAssuming that his family had been killed during an air raid,\nHans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.",
-    "textTranslate": "我们不再像过去那样容易轻信他人或事物了。\n在十九世纪，小说家会通过一系列巧合来结束他的故事\n——其中大多数都极不可能发生。\n读者们欣然接受了这样一个事实：那位默默无闻的女仆其实就是这位英雄的母亲。\n一个被认定已经去世的“失散多年的兄弟”，其实一直都活着。\n并且一直在暗中策划要毁掉英雄，诸如此类。\n现代读者会认为这种天真的解决方案完全不可接受。\n然而，在现实生活中，情况确实有时会凑巧促成一些巧合，这些巧合除了十九世纪的小说家外，任何人都会觉得难以置信。\n当我还是个孩子的时候，我的祖父给我讲过一个德国出租车司机弗朗茨·布斯曼的故事。\n找到了一个被认为在二十年前就已经去世的兄弟。\n在与妻子一起散步时，他停下来与一位工人交谈。\n在他们离开后，巴斯曼夫人评论说那个工人和她丈夫长得非常像。\n甚至暗示他可能是她丈夫的兄弟。\n弗朗茨对这个想法嗤之以鼻。\n他指出他的兄弟在战争中阵亡了。\n尽管布斯曼夫人对这件事了如指掌，\n她认为自己有百万分之一的可能性是对的。\n几天后，她派了一个男孩去问那个工人，他的名字是不是汉斯·布斯曼（Hans Bussman）。\n不用说，这个男人的名字是汉斯·布斯曼，他确实是弗朗茨失散已久的兄弟。\n当兄弟俩重聚时，\n汉斯解释了自己是如何活下来的。\n在战争接近尾声时受伤之后，\n他被送到了医院，也因此与他的部队分开了。\n这家医院遭到了轰炸，汉斯只好徒步回到了西德。\n与此同时，他的部队失踪了，关于他的所有记录也被毁掉了。\n汉斯回到了他的家庭住宅，但房子已经被炸毁了。\n而且邻居中没有人知道住户们后来怎么样了。\n汉斯以为他的家人在一次空袭中丧生了，\n汉斯在五十英里外的一个村庄安顿了下来，从那以后他就一直住在那里。",
+    "text": "We are less credulous than we used to be. \nIn the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion \nby presenting his readers with a series of coincidences--most of them wildly improbable. \nReaders happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother. \nA long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time \nand wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall. And so on. \nModern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable. \nYet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.\n\nWhen I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, \nfound a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. \nWhile on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. \nAfter they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband \nand even suggested that he might be his brother. \nFranz poured scorn on the idea, \npointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. \nThough Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with this story, \nshe thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. \nA few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. \nNeedless to say, the man's name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's long-lost brother. \nWhen the brothers were reunited, \nHans explained how it was that he was still alive. \nAfter having been wounded towards the end of the war, \nhe had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. \nThe hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. \nMeanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. \nHans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed \nand no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. \nAssuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, \nHans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.",
+    "textTranslate": "我们不再像过去那样容易轻信他人或事物了。 \n在十九世纪，小说家会通过一系列巧合来结束他的故事 \n——其中大多数都极不可能发生。 \n读者们欣然接受了这样一个事实：那位默默无闻的女仆其实就是这位英雄的母亲。 \n一个被认定已经去世的“失散多年的兄弟”，其实一直都活着。 \n并且一直在暗中策划要毁掉英雄，诸如此类。 \n现代读者会认为这种天真的解决方案完全不可接受。 \n然而，在现实生活中，情况确实有时会凑巧促成一些巧合，这些巧合除了十九世纪的小说家外，任何人都会觉得难以置信。 \n\n当我还是个孩子的时候，我的祖父给我讲过一个德国出租车司机弗朗茨·布斯曼的故事。 \n找到了一个被认为在二十年前就已经去世的兄弟。 \n在与妻子一起散步时，他停下来与一位工人交谈。 \n在他们离开后，巴斯曼夫人评论说那个工人和她丈夫长得非常像。 \n甚至暗示他可能是她丈夫的兄弟。 \n弗朗茨对这个想法嗤之以鼻。 \n他指出他的兄弟在战争中阵亡了。 \n尽管布斯曼夫人对这件事了如指掌， \n她认为自己有百万分之一的可能性是对的。 \n几天后，她派了一个男孩去问那个工人，他的名字是不是汉斯·布斯曼（Hans Bussman）。 \n不用说，这个男人的名字是汉斯·布斯曼，他确实是弗朗茨失散已久的兄弟。 \n当兄弟俩重聚时， \n汉斯解释了自己是如何活下来的。 \n在战争接近尾声时受伤之后， \n他被送到了医院，也因此与他的部队分开了。 \n这家医院遭到了轰炸，汉斯只好徒步回到了西德。 \n与此同时，他的部队失踪了，关于他的所有记录也被毁掉了。 \n汉斯回到了他的家庭住宅，但房子已经被炸毁了。 \n而且邻居中没有人知道住户们后来怎么样了。 \n汉斯以为他的家人在一次空袭中丧生了， \n汉斯在五十英里外的一个村庄安顿了下来，从那以后他就一直住在那里。",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/36－A Chance in a Million.mp3",
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       "start": 9.59,
       "text": "What was the chance in a million?",
@@ -674,13 +714,15 @@
     "id": "Fa0HGs",
     "title": "The Westhaven Express",
     "titleTranslate": "开往威斯特海温的快车",
-    "text": "We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.\nAfter years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.\nShips may be delayed by storms;\nflights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time.\nOnly an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services.\nIt is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.\nThe truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.\nAfter consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.\nIt went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes.\nWhen I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well.\nAt the time, this did not strike me as odd.\nI reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.\nNeither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.\nEven a mighty express train can be held up by signals.\nBut when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder.\nIt suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.\nOne hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance.\nI asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it.\nI determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived.\nTwo hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven.\nWhen he denied the train's existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable.\nThere was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.\nGlancing at it briefly, he told me to look again.\nA tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page.\nIt said: 'This service has been suspended.'",
-    "textTranslate": "我们已经习惯了火车会准点到达这一情况。\n经过多年的习惯养成，我们大多数人都对铁路时刻表产生了坚定不移的信念。\n船只可能会因为风暴而延误。\n航班可能会因为恶劣天气而被取消；但火车必须准时运行。\n只有当降雪量异常大时，铁路服务才可能暂时中断。\n当出现问题时，人们很容易将责任归咎于铁路管理部门。\n事实上，当错误发生时，这些错误更有可能是我们自己造成的，而不是他们的。\n在查看了铁路时刻表后，我满意地发现有一趟直达韦斯特黑文的快车。\n它直接从我所在的车站出发，全程仅需一小时十七分钟。\n当我登上火车时，我不禁注意到有很多当地人也都上了车。\n当时，我并没有觉得这有什么奇怪的。\n我想，除了我之外，肯定还有很多人希望能够利用这项优质的服务。\n当火车在威德利（Widley）这个位于铁路线上几英里外的小车站停下来的时候，我也没有感到惊讶。\n即使是强大的特快列车也可能被信号灯拦停。\n但是当火车在一个又一个车站上缓慢停留、迟迟不前时，我开始感到疑惑了。\n我突然意识到，这趟特快列车并非以每小时90英里的速度飞驰，而是以每小时30英里的速度缓慢行驶。\n一个小时十七分钟过去了，我们甚至还没有走完一半的路程。\n我问了一位乘客这是否是“Westhaven Express”列车，但他甚至从未听说过这趟列车。\n我们一到达，我就决定立即提出投诉。\n两小时后，我正在西黑文（Westhaven）愤怒地与车站站长交谈。\n当他否认火车的存在时，我就借用了他的时刻表。\n当我告诉他白纸黑字写着这趟列车时，我的声音带着一丝得意的语气。\n他匆匆瞥了一眼后，让我再仔细看一遍。\n一个小小的星号指引我看到了页面底部的脚注。\n上面写着：‘此班次已暂停运营。’",
+    "text": "We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. \nAfter years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. \nShips may be delayed by storms; \nflights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. \nOnly an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services. \nIt is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. \nThe truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.\n\nAfter consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. \nIt went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. \nWhen I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. \nAt the time, this did not strike me as odd. \nI reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. \nNeither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. \nEven a mighty express train can be held up by signals. \nBut when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. \nIt suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty. \nOne hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. \nI asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. \nI determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. \nTwo hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. \nWhen he denied the train's existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. \nThere was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. \nGlancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. \nA tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. \nIt said: 'This service has been suspended.'",
+    "textTranslate": "我们已经习惯了火车会准点到达这一情况。 \n经过多年的习惯养成，我们大多数人都对铁路时刻表产生了坚定不移的信念。 \n船只可能会因为风暴而延误。 \n航班可能会因为恶劣天气而被取消；但火车必须准时运行。 \n只有当降雪量异常大时，铁路服务才可能暂时中断。 \n当出现问题时，人们很容易将责任归咎于铁路管理部门。 \n事实上，当错误发生时，这些错误更有可能是我们自己造成的，而不是他们的。 \n\n在查看了铁路时刻表后，我满意地发现有一趟直达韦斯特黑文的快车。 \n它直接从我所在的车站出发，全程仅需一小时十七分钟。 \n当我登上火车时，我不禁注意到有很多当地人也都上了车。 \n当时，我并没有觉得这有什么奇怪的。 \n我想，除了我之外，肯定还有很多人希望能够利用这项优质的服务。 \n当火车在威德利（Widley）这个位于铁路线上几英里外的小车站停下来的时候，我也没有感到惊讶。 \n即使是强大的特快列车也可能被信号灯拦停。 \n但是当火车在一个又一个车站上缓慢停留、迟迟不前时，我开始感到疑惑了。 \n我突然意识到，这趟特快列车并非以每小时90英里的速度飞驰，而是以每小时30英里的速度缓慢行驶。 \n一个小时十七分钟过去了，我们甚至还没有走完一半的路程。 \n我问了一位乘客这是否是“Westhaven Express”列车，但他甚至从未听说过这趟列车。 \n我们一到达，我就决定立即提出投诉。 \n两小时后，我正在西黑文（Westhaven）愤怒地与车站站长交谈。 \n当他否认火车的存在时，我就借用了他的时刻表。 \n当我告诉他白纸黑字写着这趟列车时，我的声音带着一丝得意的语气。 \n他匆匆瞥了一眼后，让我再仔细看一遍。 \n一个小小的星号指引我看到了页面底部的脚注。 \n上面写着：‘此班次已暂停运营。’",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/37－The Westhaven Express.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 8.86,
       "text": "What was the mistake the author made?",
@@ -692,13 +734,15 @@
     "id": "yTGPC9",
     "title": "The first calender",
     "titleTranslate": "最早的日历",
-    "text": "Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times.\nThey will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.\nWhat is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word.\nFilms, videos, CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have.\nThey will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.\nBut the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.\nHe has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.\nEven seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.\nUp to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture,\nfor then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons.\nRecent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.\nHistorians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths.\nThe nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35, 000 B.C. and ended about 10, 000 B.C.\nBy correlating markings made in various parts of the world,\nhistorians have been able to read this difficult code.\nThey have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.\nIt is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.\nIt has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression.\nThey had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing.\nIt is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them.\nIt seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20, 000 years earlier than has been supposed.",
-    "textTranslate": "未来的历史学家在记录我们这个时代的历史时，将会处于一个非常独特的地位。\n他们几乎无法从不断积累的大量证据中判断出应该选择哪些事实。\n此外，他们将不必仅仅依赖书面文字。\n电影、视频、CD以及CD-ROM只是他们所拥有的海量信息中的一部分而已。\n他们将能够，可以说是，亲眼看到我们的活动，亲耳听到我们的声音。\n但是，试图重建遥远过去的历史学家总是面临着一项艰巨的任务。\n他必须从现有的一些零星线索中尽可能地进行推断。\n即使是一些看似微不足道的遗物，也能为了解早期人类的历史提供有趣的线索。\n到目前为止，历史学家们一直认为日历的出现是与农业的诞生同时发生的。\n因为那时，人类确实迫切需要了解关于季节变化的规律。\n最近的科学证据似乎表明，这一假设是不正确的。\n历史学家们长期以来一直对这些刻在墙壁上、骨头以及猛犸象象牙上的点、线条和符号感到困惑。\n制造这些标记的游牧民族在最后一次冰河时代（大约始于公元前35000年，结束于公元前10000年）以狩猎和捕鱼为生。\n通过将世界各地留下的标记进行关联分析，\n历史学家们已经成功解读了这段难以理解的代码。\n他们发现这与日期的流逝和月亮的相位有关。\n实际上，这是一种非常原始的日历形式。\n人们早就知道，墙上描绘的狩猎场景并非仅仅是一种艺术表达形式。\n这些符号具有明确的含义，因为它们是早期人类所能达到的最接近文字的表达方式。\n这些壁画与有时伴随出现的标记之间可能存在某种明确的联系。\n看来，早在人们原先认为的时间之前2万年，人类就已经在努力理解四季的变化规律了。",
+    "text": "Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. \nThey will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. \nWhat is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word. \nFilms, videos, CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. \nThey will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. \nBut the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. \nHe has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. \nEven seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.\n\nUp to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, \nfor then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. \nRecent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.\n\nHistorians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths. \nThe nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35, 000 B.C. and ended about 10, 000 B.C. \nBy correlating markings made in various parts of the world, \nhistorians have been able to read this difficult code. \nThey have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. \nIt is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. \nIt has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. \nThey had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. \nIt is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. \nIt seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20, 000 years earlier than has been supposed.",
+    "textTranslate": "未来的历史学家在记录我们这个时代的历史时，将会处于一个非常独特的地位。 \n他们几乎无法从不断积累的大量证据中判断出应该选择哪些事实。 \n此外，他们将不必仅仅依赖书面文字。 \n电影、视频、CD以及CD-ROM只是他们所拥有的海量信息中的一部分而已。 \n他们将能够，可以说是，亲眼看到我们的活动，亲耳听到我们的声音。 \n但是，试图重建遥远过去的历史学家总是面临着一项艰巨的任务。 \n他必须从现有的一些零星线索中尽可能地进行推断。 \n即使是一些看似微不足道的遗物，也能为了解早期人类的历史提供有趣的线索。 \n\n到目前为止，历史学家们一直认为日历的出现是与农业的诞生同时发生的。 \n因为那时，人类确实迫切需要了解关于季节变化的规律。 \n最近的科学证据似乎表明，这一假设是不正确的。 \n\n历史学家们长期以来一直对这些刻在墙壁上、骨头以及猛犸象象牙上的点、线条和符号感到困惑。 \n制造这些标记的游牧民族在最后一次冰河时代（大约始于公元前35000年，结束于公元前10000年）以狩猎和捕鱼为生。 \n通过将世界各地留下的标记进行关联分析， \n历史学家们已经成功解读了这段难以理解的代码。 \n他们发现这与日期的流逝和月亮的相位有关。 \n实际上，这是一种非常原始的日历形式。 \n人们早就知道，墙上描绘的狩猎场景并非仅仅是一种艺术表达形式。 \n这些符号具有明确的含义，因为它们是早期人类所能达到的最接近文字的表达方式。 \n这些壁画与有时伴随出现的标记之间可能存在某种明确的联系。 \n看来，早在人们原先认为的时间之前2万年，人类就已经在努力理解四季的变化规律了。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.58,
       "text": "What is the importance of the dots, lines, and symbols engraved on stone, bones and ivory?",
@@ -710,13 +754,15 @@
     "id": "5k_Y4I",
     "title": "Nothing to worry about",
     "titleTranslate": "不必担心",
-    "text": "The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from.\nEven though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed.\nGlancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away.\nIt was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties.\nHe simply had no sense of danger at all.\nNo matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.\nAs we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.\nThe wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car.\nWe felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine.\nBecause of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.\nWhat a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared,\ngiving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps bushes.\nBut there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure.\nIn response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped.\nThough we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car.\nWe informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four feet deep.\nEven this had no effect.\nBruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed,\nkeeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zigzag course.\nBefore we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again.\nBruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away.\nOur next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across.\nBruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.\nA yellow light on the dashboard flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!",
-    "textTranslate": "穿过平原的崎岖道路状况越来越糟糕，我们便决定让布鲁斯开车把我们送回我们出发的村庄。\n尽管路上布满了巨石，还有许多坑洞，布鲁斯却丝毫没有感到不安。\n他看了一眼地图，然后告诉我们下一个村庄只有二十英里远。\n并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难。\n他完全没有任何危险意识。\n无论条件如何，他都认为汽车应该能开多快就开多快。\n我们在颠簸的土路上行驶时，不断转向以避开那些巨大的岩石。\n车轮卷起了石子，这些石子在汽车下方发出令人不安的撞击声。\n我们确信，迟早会有石头划破我们的油箱，或者损坏发动机。\n正因如此，我们不断回头查看，担心自己是否留下了一道油迹。\n当那些巨石突然消失的时候，真是让人松了一口气啊。\n取而代之的是一片开阔的平原，唯一的障碍只是一些灌木丛。\n但更糟糕的事情还在后面。就在我们前方，有一条巨大的裂缝。\n在我们再次恳求下，布鲁斯停了下来。\n虽然我们都下车去查看那条裂缝，但他却留在了车里。\n我们告诉他，那条裂缝长达五十码（约45.7米），宽度为两英尺（约0.6米），深度为四英尺（约1.2米）。\n即使这样，也没有任何效果。\n布鲁斯挂上低速挡，以惊人的速度向前冲去，\n他让前轮分别跨在裂缝两侧，沿着蜿蜒的路线前进。\n我们还来不及担心会发生什么，就已经回到了平原上。\n布鲁斯再次查看了地图，然后告诉我们那个村庄现在距离我们只有十五英里了。\n我们的下一个障碍是一个大约半英里宽的浅水池。\n布鲁斯驾车冲了过去，但车子在半路上突然停了下来。\n仪表盘上的黄灯愤怒地闪烁着，布鲁斯却高兴地宣布：发动机里没油了！",
+    "text": "The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from. \nEven though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed. \nGlancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away. \nIt was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. \nHe simply had no sense of danger at all. \nNo matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.\n\nAs we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders. \nThe wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. \nWe felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. \nBecause of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.\n\nWhat a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, \ngiving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps bushes. \nBut there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. \nIn response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped. \nThough we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car. \nWe informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four feet deep. \nEven this had no effect. \nBruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, \nkeeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zigzag course. \nBefore we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. \nBruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. \nOur next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. \nBruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt. \nA yellow light on the dashboard flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!",
+    "textTranslate": "穿过平原的崎岖道路状况越来越糟糕，我们便决定让布鲁斯开车把我们送回我们出发的村庄。 \n尽管路上布满了巨石，还有许多坑洞，布鲁斯却丝毫没有感到不安。 \n他看了一眼地图，然后告诉我们下一个村庄只有二十英里远。 \n并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难。 \n他完全没有任何危险意识。 \n无论条件如何，他都认为汽车应该能开多快就开多快。 \n\n我们在颠簸的土路上行驶时，不断转向以避开那些巨大的岩石。 \n车轮卷起了石子，这些石子在汽车下方发出令人不安的撞击声。 \n我们确信，迟早会有石头划破我们的油箱，或者损坏发动机。 \n正因如此，我们不断回头查看，担心自己是否留下了一道油迹。 \n\n当那些巨石突然消失的时候，真是让人松了一口气啊。 \n取而代之的是一片开阔的平原，唯一的障碍只是一些灌木丛。 \n但更糟糕的事情还在后面。就在我们前方，有一条巨大的裂缝。 \n在我们再次恳求下，布鲁斯停了下来。 \n虽然我们都下车去查看那条裂缝，但他却留在了车里。 \n我们告诉他，那条裂缝长达五十码（约45.7米），宽度为两英尺（约0.6米），深度为四英尺（约1.2米）。 \n即使这样，也没有任何效果。 \n布鲁斯挂上低速挡，以惊人的速度向前冲去， \n他让前轮分别跨在裂缝两侧，沿着蜿蜒的路线前进。 \n我们还来不及担心会发生什么，就已经回到了平原上。 \n布鲁斯再次查看了地图，然后告诉我们那个村庄现在距离我们只有十五英里了。 \n我们的下一个障碍是一个大约半英里宽的浅水池。 \n布鲁斯驾车冲了过去，但车子在半路上突然停了下来。 \n仪表盘上的黄灯愤怒地闪烁着，布鲁斯却高兴地宣布：发动机里没油了！",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/39－Nothing to Worry About.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.93,
       "text": "What was the differnce between Bruce's behaviour and that of other people?",
@@ -728,13 +774,15 @@
     "id": "2B7Nuk",
     "title": "Who's who",
     "titleTranslate": "真假难辨",
-    "text": "It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.\nStudents specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax.\nInviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulde in.\nStudents often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.\nWhen a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university,\nhe immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen\nwere tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.\nAs soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away,\nthey were not to take him seriously.\nHe added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.\nBoth the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.\nThe student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on.\nSure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away.\nWhen he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force.\nThe workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help.\nShortly afterwards, 4 more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen.\nAs the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill.\nThe workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper.\nHe threatened to call the police.\nAt this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.\nPretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.\nPermission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.\nOnly when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.",
-    "textTranslate": "一直没有人解释为什么大学生似乎比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。\n学生们专精于一种特定类型的恶作剧——那就是“骗局”（即通过虚假信息或欺骗手段来制造混乱或误导他人）。\n请消防队来扑灭不存在的火灾是一种低劣的骗术，任何有自尊的学生都不会染指。\n学生们经常制造一些有趣的、滑稽的情境，但这些情境只有受害者自己觉得不好笑，其他人反而都觉得很好笑。\n最近，一名学生在自己的大学外面看到两名工人正在使用气动钻机。\n他立即拨打了报警电话，并告诉警方有两名学生装扮成工人。\n正用气动钻破坏路面。\n他一挂断电话，就走到工人们跟前，告诉他们如果警察命令他们离开，\n他们不应该把他当回事。\n他还补充说，有个学生打扮成警察的样子，对周围的人开了各种滑稽的玩笑。\n警察和工人们都很感谢这名学生提供的这个消息。\n那个学生躲在附近的一个拱门里，从那里他可以观察到发生的一切，也能听到所有的声音。\n果然，一名警察来到了现场，并礼貌地要求工人们离开。\n当他收到其中一名工人的粗鲁回复时，他威胁说要强行将他们赶走。\n工人们让他随意行事，而警察则拨打了求救电话。\n不久，又有4名警察赶到，他们劝告工人们。\n由于那些工人拒绝停止工作，警方试图没收那台气动钻机。\n工人们激烈反抗，其中一人发火了。\n他威胁说要报警。\n这时，警察讽刺地指出，这实在没必要，因为这些人已经被逮捕了。\n装出一副认真的样子，其中一名工人询问是否可以在被带到警察局之前打个电话。\n获得了许可后，一名警察陪同他前往了一部公用电话。\n直到看到那个人真的在报警时，他才意识到他们所有人其实都成了一个骗局的受害者。",
+    "text": "It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. \nStudents specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. \nInviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulde in. \nStudents often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.\n\nWhen a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, \nhe immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen \nwere tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. \nAs soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, \nthey were not to take him seriously. \nHe added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. \nBoth the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.\n\nThe student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. \nSure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. \nWhen he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. \nThe workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. \nShortly afterwards, 4 more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. \nAs the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. \nThe workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. \nHe threatened to call the police. \nAt this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. \nPretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. \nPermission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. \nOnly when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.",
+    "textTranslate": "一直没有人解释为什么大学生似乎比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。 \n学生们专精于一种特定类型的恶作剧——那就是“骗局”（即通过虚假信息或欺骗手段来制造混乱或误导他人）。 \n请消防队来扑灭不存在的火灾是一种低劣的骗术，任何有自尊的学生都不会染指。 \n学生们经常制造一些有趣的、滑稽的情境，但这些情境只有受害者自己觉得不好笑，其他人反而都觉得很好笑。 \n\n最近，一名学生在自己的大学外面看到两名工人正在使用气动钻机。 \n他立即拨打了报警电话，并告诉警方有两名学生装扮成工人。 \n正用气动钻破坏路面。 \n他一挂断电话，就走到工人们跟前，告诉他们如果警察命令他们离开， \n他们不应该把他当回事。 \n他还补充说，有个学生打扮成警察的样子，对周围的人开了各种滑稽的玩笑。 \n警察和工人们都很感谢这名学生提供的这个消息。 \n\n那个学生躲在附近的一个拱门里，从那里他可以观察到发生的一切，也能听到所有的声音。 \n果然，一名警察来到了现场，并礼貌地要求工人们离开。 \n当他收到其中一名工人的粗鲁回复时，他威胁说要强行将他们赶走。 \n工人们让他随意行事，而警察则拨打了求救电话。 \n不久，又有4名警察赶到，他们劝告工人们。 \n由于那些工人拒绝停止工作，警方试图没收那台气动钻机。 \n工人们激烈反抗，其中一人发火了。 \n他威胁说要报警。 \n这时，警察讽刺地指出，这实在没必要，因为这些人已经被逮捕了。 \n装出一副认真的样子，其中一名工人询问是否可以在被带到警察局之前打个电话。 \n获得了许可后，一名警察陪同他前往了一部公用电话。 \n直到看到那个人真的在报警时，他才意识到他们所有人其实都成了一个骗局的受害者。",
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       "start": 8.14,
       "text": "How did the policeman discover that the whole thing was a joke?",
@@ -746,13 +794,15 @@
     "id": "G08sTd",
     "title": "Illusions of Pastoral peace",
     "titleTranslate": "宁静田园生活的遐想",
-    "text": "The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.\nCity born and city bred,\nI have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the weekend.\nMost of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.\nThough they extol the virtues of the peaceful life,\nonly one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months.\nEven he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.\nHe is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.\nNothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn,\nthe sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.\nThis idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.\nMy friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV--virtually the only form of entertainment.\nHe says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops,\nor about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work.\nWhy people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.\nThey could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.\nIf you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.\nYou never have to travel miles to see your friends.\nThey invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.\nSome of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.\nFor them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning.\nAs the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home.\nThe city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.\nThe latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.\nShopping, too, is always a pleasure.\nThere is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.\nCountry people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry.\nNor is the city without its moments of beauty.\nThere is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights.\nFew things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends\nwhen the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.\nIt has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things,\nobstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.",
-    "textTranslate": "乡村的宁静生活从来都没有吸引过我。\n我出生并成长在这座城市。\n我一直认为乡村就像是通过火车窗户看到的风景，或者是一个偶尔在周末才会去参观的地方。\n我的大多数朋友都住在城市里，然而每当提到乡村时，他们总是表现出极大的热情和向往。\n尽管他们推崇和平生活的种种美德，\n他们当中只有一个人真正搬去乡村居住，不过他在六个月后就回到了城里。\n即使他现在也仍然抱有一种错觉，认为乡村生活比城市生活优越。\n他总是谈论那里友好的人民、清新的空气、与自然的亲密关系，以及悠闲的生活节奏。\n他坚持认为：没有任何东西能够与清晨的第一声鸡鸣、以及鸟儿啁啾的声音相媲美。\n朝阳的光芒在树木和牧场上闪烁的景象。\n这幅田园诗般的景象只不过是整个画面的一部分罢了。\n我的朋友从未提到那些漫长而孤独的冬夜：那些夜晚，他们只能坐在电视机前，电视几乎是他们唯一的娱乐来源。\n他对商店里商品种类少的问题只字未提。\n或者，那些不幸的人——他们每天不得不从乡下赶到城市去上班。\n我实在无法理解：为什么人们愿意每天忍受长达四小时的通勤时间，只为了获得住在乡下的那种可疑的特权。\n如果他们选择回到自己真正应该居住的城市，就能避免那么多痛苦和开支了。\n如果你能够舍弃乡村生活中那些宁静、惬意的乐趣，你会发现城市能够为你提供生活中最美好的东西。\n你再也不需要长途跋涉去见你的朋友了。\n他们总是住在附近，随时可以陪你闲聊或一起享受晚上的娱乐时光。\n我在乡下的一些熟人每年会来城里一两次，专门为了看戏剧而享受这份特别的乐趣。\n对他们来说，这是一项规模较大的行动，需要周密的规划。\n随着戏剧接近尾声，他们开始怀疑自己是否还能赶上回家的最后一班火车。\n城市居民从来不会经历这种焦虑。\n最新的展览、电影或戏剧演出，都只需乘坐公交车很短的距离就能到达。\n购物也总是一种令人愉悦的体验。\n选择如此丰富多样，以至于你永远不必将就于次优的选择。\n乡下人一到城里购物，就会变得兴奋不已，他们会尽可能多地购买各种新奇的物品，然后摇摇晃晃地带着这些东西回家。\n这座城市也有它美丽的时刻。\n在寒冷潮湿的冬夜里，广告散发出的温暖光芒总有一种令人感到舒适的感觉。\n没有什么比周末时那些空旷的城市街道上降临的宁静更令人印象深刻的了。\n当每天成千上万通勤的人都安顿在乡下的家里时。\n我一直很困惑：为什么城市居民——他们明明很享受这些便利和美好的事物——却固执地假装自己更喜欢住在乡下。\n他们固执地假装自己更喜欢住在乡下。",
+    "text": "The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. \nCity born and city bred, \nI have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the weekend. \nMost of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. \nThough they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, \nonly one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. \nEven he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. \nHe is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. \nNothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, \nthe sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. \nThis idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. \nMy friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV--virtually the only form of entertainment. \nHe says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, \nor about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. \nWhy people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. \nThey could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.\n\nIf you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. \nYou never have to travel miles to see your friends. \nThey invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. \nSome of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. \nFor them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning. \nAs the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home. \nThe city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. \nThe latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. \nShopping, too, is always a pleasure. \nThere is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. \nCountry people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. \nNor is the city without its moments of beauty. \nThere is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights. \nFew things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends \nwhen the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country. \nIt has always been a mystery to me why city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, \nobstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.",
+    "textTranslate": "乡村的宁静生活从来都没有吸引过我。 \n我出生并成长在这座城市。 \n我一直认为乡村就像是通过火车窗户看到的风景，或者是一个偶尔在周末才会去参观的地方。 \n我的大多数朋友都住在城市里，然而每当提到乡村时，他们总是表现出极大的热情和向往。 \n尽管他们推崇和平生活的种种美德， \n他们当中只有一个人真正搬去乡村居住，不过他在六个月后就回到了城里。 \n即使他现在也仍然抱有一种错觉，认为乡村生活比城市生活优越。 \n他总是谈论那里友好的人民、清新的空气、与自然的亲密关系，以及悠闲的生活节奏。 \n他坚持认为：没有任何东西能够与清晨的第一声鸡鸣、以及鸟儿啁啾的声音相媲美。 \n朝阳的光芒在树木和牧场上闪烁的景象。 \n这幅田园诗般的景象只不过是整个画面的一部分罢了。 \n我的朋友从未提到那些漫长而孤独的冬夜：那些夜晚，他们只能坐在电视机前，电视几乎是他们唯一的娱乐来源。 \n他对商店里商品种类少的问题只字未提。 \n或者，那些不幸的人——他们每天不得不从乡下赶到城市去上班。 \n我实在无法理解：为什么人们愿意每天忍受长达四小时的通勤时间，只为了获得住在乡下的那种可疑的特权。 \n如果他们选择回到自己真正应该居住的城市，就能避免那么多痛苦和开支了。 \n\n如果你能够舍弃乡村生活中那些宁静、惬意的乐趣，你会发现城市能够为你提供生活中最美好的东西。 \n你再也不需要长途跋涉去见你的朋友了。 \n他们总是住在附近，随时可以陪你闲聊或一起享受晚上的娱乐时光。 \n我在乡下的一些熟人每年会来城里一两次，专门为了看戏剧而享受这份特别的乐趣。 \n对他们来说，这是一项规模较大的行动，需要周密的规划。 \n随着戏剧接近尾声，他们开始怀疑自己是否还能赶上回家的最后一班火车。 \n城市居民从来不会经历这种焦虑。 \n最新的展览、电影或戏剧演出，都只需乘坐公交车很短的距离就能到达。 \n购物也总是一种令人愉悦的体验。 \n选择如此丰富多样，以至于你永远不必将就于次优的选择。 \n乡下人一到城里购物，就会变得兴奋不已，他们会尽可能多地购买各种新奇的物品，然后摇摇晃晃地带着这些东西回家。 \n这座城市也有它美丽的时刻。 \n在寒冷潮湿的冬夜里，广告散发出的温暖光芒总有一种令人感到舒适的感觉。 \n没有什么比周末时那些空旷的城市街道上降临的宁静更令人印象深刻的了。 \n当每天成千上万通勤的人都安顿在乡下的家里时。 \n我一直很困惑：为什么城市居民——他们明明很享受这些便利和美好的事物——却固执地假装自己更喜欢住在乡下。 \n他们固执地假装自己更喜欢住在乡下。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.97,
       "text": "What particular anxiety spoils the country dweller's visit to the theatre?",
@@ -764,13 +814,15 @@
     "id": "CLU8O1",
     "title": "Modern cavemen",
     "titleTranslate": "现代洞穴人",
-    "text": "Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport.\nPerhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth.\nIt is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer's motives.\nFor him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber.\nThey arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood.\nExploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler.\nSuch undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations.\nIt can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.\nPrecautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.\nThe deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble.\nIt extends to a depth of 3, 723 feet.\nThis immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course through a flaw in the rocks.\nThe entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps.\nAs it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable.\nThe cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger.\nSince its discovery, it has become a sort of pot-holers' Everest.\nThough a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored.\nA team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger.\nAfter entering the narrow gap on the plateau,\nthey climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to a narrow corridor.\nThey had to edge their way along this,\nsometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools.\nSuddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave.\nThey plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side.\nTo protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits.\nAt the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water.\nIn this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound\nwhich they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.\nSqueezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall.\nAfter switching on powerful arc lights,\nthey saw great stalagmites--some of them over forty feet high--rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof.\nRound about, piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow.\nIn the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.",
-    "textTranslate": "洞穴探险，也就是现在人们常说的“pot-holing”，其实是一项相对较新的运动。\n也许，正是对孤独的渴望，或是希望做出意外发现的心情，驱使人们前往地球的深处。\n对于洞穴探险者的动机，根本不可能给出一个令人满意的解释。\n对他来说，洞穴具有与高山对登山者同样的独特吸引力。\n它们唤醒了一些我们只能勉强理解的本能。\n探索那些极其深邃的洞穴，绝不是适合在周日午后闲逛时去完成的任务。\n这样的行动需要军事行动般的精确计划和远见。\n在进入一个非常深的洞穴之前，搭建绳梯并建立补给基地可能需要长达八天的时间。\n采取这样的预防措施是必要的，因为我们无法预知洞穴探险者将会遇到的具体困难。\n世界上已知最深的洞穴是位于格勒诺布尔附近的贝尔热洞穴（Gouffre Berger）。\n它的深度达到了3,723英尺。\n这个巨大的峡谷是由一条地下溪流形成的；这条溪流在岩石的裂缝中穿行，逐渐侵蚀出了这条通道。\n洞穴的入口位于多菲内阿尔卑斯山脉的一个高原上。\n由于它的宽度只有六英尺，几乎看不出来它的存在。\n如果那个洞穴的入口没有被那位著名的法国洞穴探险家伯杰发现的话，它可能永远都不会被人发现。\n自从它被发现以来，它就成了洞穴探险者的'珠穆朗玛峰'。\n尽管已经有人多次尝试探索那里，但仍有很大一部分区域尚未被人类发现或探索。\n最近，一支由洞穴探险者组成的团队进入了贝尔热洞（Gouffre Berger）。\n在进入高原上的那个狭窄缝隙之后……\n他们沿着洞穴陡峭的侧壁向下爬行，直到来到一条狭窄的通道前。\n他们不得不沿着这条路小心翼翼地前行。\n有时候需要涉水穿过浅流；有时候则需要游过深水区。\n突然，他们来到了一处瀑布前；那瀑布的水流直接注入了洞穴底部的一个地下湖泊中。\n他们跳进了湖里，然后将装备装上了一个充气橡胶小艇，让水流将他们带到对岸。\n为了防止被冰冷的水冻伤，他们不得不穿上特制的橡胶防护服。\n在湖的尽头，他们看到了一堆堆巨大的碎石，这些碎石是被水冲上岸来的。\n在这个洞穴的区域内，他们能听到一种持续不断的、低沉的轰鸣声。\n他们发现，这种现象是由于一个小型水柱从洞穴的顶部冲下来，落入了一个水池中而引起的。\n穿过岩石间的裂缝，那些洞穴探险者终于来到了一处巨大的洞穴——其规模相当于一座大型音乐厅。\n在打开强力的弧光灯之后，\n他们看到了那些巨大的石笋——其中一些高达四十多英尺——这些石笋像树干一样矗立着，与从屋顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。\n周围，成堆的石灰岩闪烁着彩虹般的各种色彩。\n在洞穴那令人毛骨悚然的寂静中，唯一能听到的声音，就是从他们头顶的高耸穹顶上不断滴落的水声。",
+    "text": "Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport. \nPerhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth. \nIt is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer's motives. \nFor him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber. \nThey arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood.\n\nExploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler. \nSuch undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. \nIt can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave. \nPrecautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer. \nThe deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. \nIt extends to a depth of 3, 723 feet. \nThis immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course through a flaw in the rocks. \nThe entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps. \nAs it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable. \nThe cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. \nSince its discovery, it has become a sort of pot-holers' Everest. \nThough a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored.\n\nA team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. \nAfter entering the narrow gap on the plateau, \nthey climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to a narrow corridor. \nThey had to edge their way along this, \nsometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools. \nSuddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave. \nThey plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side. \nTo protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. \nAt the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water. \nIn this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound \nwhich they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave. \nSqueezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall. \nAfter switching on powerful arc lights, \nthey saw great stalagmites--some of them over forty feet high--rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof. \nRound about, piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow. \nIn the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.",
+    "textTranslate": "洞穴探险，也就是现在人们常说的“pot-holing”，其实是一项相对较新的运动。 \n也许，正是对孤独的渴望，或是希望做出意外发现的心情，驱使人们前往地球的深处。 \n对于洞穴探险者的动机，根本不可能给出一个令人满意的解释。 \n对他来说，洞穴具有与高山对登山者同样的独特吸引力。 \n它们唤醒了一些我们只能勉强理解的本能。 \n\n探索那些极其深邃的洞穴，绝不是适合在周日午后闲逛时去完成的任务。 \n这样的行动需要军事行动般的精确计划和远见。 \n在进入一个非常深的洞穴之前，搭建绳梯并建立补给基地可能需要长达八天的时间。 \n采取这样的预防措施是必要的，因为我们无法预知洞穴探险者将会遇到的具体困难。 \n世界上已知最深的洞穴是位于格勒诺布尔附近的贝尔热洞穴（Gouffre Berger）。 \n它的深度达到了3,723英尺。 \n这个巨大的峡谷是由一条地下溪流形成的；这条溪流在岩石的裂缝中穿行，逐渐侵蚀出了这条通道。 \n洞穴的入口位于多菲内阿尔卑斯山脉的一个高原上。 \n由于它的宽度只有六英尺，几乎看不出来它的存在。 \n如果那个洞穴的入口没有被那位著名的法国洞穴探险家伯杰发现的话，它可能永远都不会被人发现。 \n自从它被发现以来，它就成了洞穴探险者的'珠穆朗玛峰'。 \n尽管已经有人多次尝试探索那里，但仍有很大一部分区域尚未被人类发现或探索。 \n\n最近，一支由洞穴探险者组成的团队进入了贝尔热洞（Gouffre Berger）。 \n在进入高原上的那个狭窄缝隙之后…… \n他们沿着洞穴陡峭的侧壁向下爬行，直到来到一条狭窄的通道前。 \n他们不得不沿着这条路小心翼翼地前行。 \n有时候需要涉水穿过浅流；有时候则需要游过深水区。 \n突然，他们来到了一处瀑布前；那瀑布的水流直接注入了洞穴底部的一个地下湖泊中。 \n他们跳进了湖里，然后将装备装上了一个充气橡胶小艇，让水流将他们带到对岸。 \n为了防止被冰冷的水冻伤，他们不得不穿上特制的橡胶防护服。 \n在湖的尽头，他们看到了一堆堆巨大的碎石，这些碎石是被水冲上岸来的。 \n在这个洞穴的区域内，他们能听到一种持续不断的、低沉的轰鸣声。 \n他们发现，这种现象是由于一个小型水柱从洞穴的顶部冲下来，落入了一个水池中而引起的。 \n穿过岩石间的裂缝，那些洞穴探险者终于来到了一处巨大的洞穴——其规模相当于一座大型音乐厅。 \n在打开强力的弧光灯之后， \n他们看到了那些巨大的石笋——其中一些高达四十多英尺——这些石笋像树干一样矗立着，与从屋顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。 \n周围，成堆的石灰岩闪烁着彩虹般的各种色彩。 \n在洞穴那令人毛骨悚然的寂静中，唯一能听到的声音，就是从他们头顶的高耸穹顶上不断滴落的水声。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.46,
       "text": "With what does the writer compare the Gouffre Berger?",
@@ -782,13 +834,15 @@
     "id": "ohyHEB",
     "title": "Fully insured",
     "titleTranslate": "全保险",
-    "text": "Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything.\nInsuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world.\nIf, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather.\nNeedless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay.\nIt is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.\nBut the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.\nAdmittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide.\nIt had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair.\nThe pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal so they insured it for the trip.\nShortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate.\nAt the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own.\nDancing proved to be more than the dish could bear,\nfor during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.\nThe pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.\nShivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish.\nThey had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem.\nThe sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it.\nEventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation.\nThe dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank.\nFor one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal,\nbut it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.\nThe men were now obliged to try once more.\nThis time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains.\nThe dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal.\nThe winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck.\nSeveral minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water.\nWater streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal.\nThere was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again.\nBy working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.",
-    "textTranslate": "保险公司通常愿意为任何物品提供保险服务。\n在世界上大多数国家，为公共或私人财产投保都是常规做法。\n不过，如果你在户外举办花园派对或游园会，也可以为可能发生的恶劣天气情况购买保险。\n不用说，保险公司承担的风险越大，你需要支付的保费也就越高。\n显然，保险公司承担的风险越大，你需要支付的保费也就越高。\n但是，一个地方政府为打捞一个沉没的派盘而提出的索赔，肯定是非常独特的。\n这个派盘确实很不寻常——它的长度为18英尺，宽度为6英尺。\n它是被当地政府购买的，用于为年度集市制作一个巨大的派。\n派委员会认为通过运河运输派盘的最佳方式，因此他们为这次行程购买了保险。\n派盘下水后不久，派委员会成员们便前往一家当地酒馆庆祝。\n与此同时，一些青少年爬上了那个盘子，并在那里举办了一场属于自己的小型聚会。\n跳舞的震动超出了派盘所能承受的范围，\n因为在派对期间，派盘翻了，沉入了七英尺深的水中。\n派委员会给当地一家修车厂老板打了电话，他开着一辆救援卡车前来打捞派盘。\n那些青少年穿着湿衣服瑟瑟发抖地看着，三个男人一次又一次地潜入水中寻找派盘。\n他们找到它并不费什么劲，但将其从水中拖出来却成了一个严重的问题。\n这个盘子的边缘非常光滑，几乎不可能在不损坏它的情况下将缆绳或链条固定在盘子的边缘上。\n最终，那些链条被固定在盘子的一端；随后，一台强大的绞车也被启动了起来。\n派盘浮到水面，被缓缓地拉向运河岸边。\n在令人揪心的一瞬间，派盘摇摇晃晃地停在运河岸边，\n但它突然失去了平衡，又滑回了水中。\n这些人现在不得不再次尝试。\n这次，他们在盘子的两侧安装了沉重的金属夹具，以便固定链条。\n由于盘子的一边紧贴着运河的侧壁，因此必须将其垂直抬起。\n绞车再次被启动，其中一名男子启动了卡车。\n几分钟后，盘子终于被成功吊到了水面上方。\n水从派盘边缘倾泻而下，水流如此之猛，在运河里掀起了一阵巨浪。\n有危险的是，这股浪可能会从对岸反弹回来，把派盘重新冲回水里。\n以极快的速度工作，这些人总算在浪头返回前把派盘弄上了岸。",
+    "text": "Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. \nInsuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world. \nIf, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. \nNeedless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay. \nIt is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. \nBut the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.\n\nAdmittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide. \nIt had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair. \nThe pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal so they insured it for the trip. \nShortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate. \nAt the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own. \nDancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, \nfor during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.\n\nThe pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish. \nShivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish. \nThey had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem. \nThe sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. \nEventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. \nThe dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank. \nFor one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, \nbut it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water. \nThe men were now obliged to try once more. \nThis time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains. \nThe dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal. \nThe winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck. \nSeveral minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water. \nWater streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal. \nThere was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. \nBy working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.",
+    "textTranslate": "保险公司通常愿意为任何物品提供保险服务。 \n在世界上大多数国家，为公共或私人财产投保都是常规做法。 \n不过，如果你在户外举办花园派对或游园会，也可以为可能发生的恶劣天气情况购买保险。 \n不用说，保险公司承担的风险越大，你需要支付的保费也就越高。 \n显然，保险公司承担的风险越大，你需要支付的保费也就越高。 \n但是，一个地方政府为打捞一个沉没的派盘而提出的索赔，肯定是非常独特的。 \n\n这个派盘确实很不寻常——它的长度为18英尺，宽度为6英尺。 \n它是被当地政府购买的，用于为年度集市制作一个巨大的派。 \n派委员会认为通过运河运输派盘的最佳方式，因此他们为这次行程购买了保险。 \n派盘下水后不久，派委员会成员们便前往一家当地酒馆庆祝。 \n与此同时，一些青少年爬上了那个盘子，并在那里举办了一场属于自己的小型聚会。 \n跳舞的震动超出了派盘所能承受的范围， \n因为在派对期间，派盘翻了，沉入了七英尺深的水中。 \n\n派委员会给当地一家修车厂老板打了电话，他开着一辆救援卡车前来打捞派盘。 \n那些青少年穿着湿衣服瑟瑟发抖地看着，三个男人一次又一次地潜入水中寻找派盘。 \n他们找到它并不费什么劲，但将其从水中拖出来却成了一个严重的问题。 \n这个盘子的边缘非常光滑，几乎不可能在不损坏它的情况下将缆绳或链条固定在盘子的边缘上。 \n最终，那些链条被固定在盘子的一端；随后，一台强大的绞车也被启动了起来。 \n派盘浮到水面，被缓缓地拉向运河岸边。 \n在令人揪心的一瞬间，派盘摇摇晃晃地停在运河岸边， \n但它突然失去了平衡，又滑回了水中。 \n这些人现在不得不再次尝试。 \n这次，他们在盘子的两侧安装了沉重的金属夹具，以便固定链条。 \n由于盘子的一边紧贴着运河的侧壁，因此必须将其垂直抬起。 \n绞车再次被启动，其中一名男子启动了卡车。 \n几分钟后，盘子终于被成功吊到了水面上方。 \n水从派盘边缘倾泻而下，水流如此之猛，在运河里掀起了一阵巨浪。 \n有危险的是，这股浪可能会从对岸反弹回来，把派盘重新冲回水里。 \n以极快的速度工作，这些人总算在浪头返回前把派盘弄上了岸。",
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       "text": "Who owned the pie dish and why?",
@@ -800,13 +854,15 @@
     "id": "ocebt7",
     "title": "Speed and comfort",
     "titleTranslate": "又快捷又舒适",
-    "text": "People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.\nHardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.\nTrain compartments soon get cramped and stuffy.\nIt is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.\nReading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lull you to sleep.\nDuring the day, sleep comes in snatches.\nAt night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.\nIf you are lucky enough to get a sleeper,\nyou spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.\nInevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.\nLong car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.\nOn motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds,\nbut more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.\nBy comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.\nYou can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games,\nmeet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.\nIf it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.\nEven if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.\nRelatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.\nAeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them.\nThey also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.\nBut nothing can match them for speed and comfort.\nTravelling at a height of 30, 000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.\nYou do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.\nFor a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.\nThe real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services.\nBut even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.\nAn aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.\nYou soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys.\nYou really see the shape of the land.\nIf the landscape is hidden from view,\nyou can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.\nThe journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.\nHowever you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.\nYou will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.",
-    "textTranslate": "长途旅行的人经常需要决定是选择陆路、海路还是航空方式来出行。\n几乎没有人能够真正享受在火车上坐上几个小时以上的时光。\n火车车厢很快就会变得拥挤不堪、空气也不流通（即非常闷热）。\n几乎不可能让你把注意力从这段旅程上移开。\n阅读只能提供部分缓解；车轮在铁轨上单调地咔嗒作响，这种声音很快就会让你入睡。\n白天里，睡眠总是断断续续的。\n到了晚上，当你真的想入睡的时候，却往往难以入睡。\n如果你有幸买到一张卧铺票，\n你会花上半个晚上盯着天花板上的小蓝灯，或者摸索着找票接受检查。\n最终，你几乎精疲力尽地到达了目的地。\n长途驾车旅行更加令人不适，因为在这种情况下甚至连看书都几乎不可能做到。\n在高速公路上，至少你可以以较高的速度安全地行驶。\n但大多数情况下，旅途中的大部分时间都是在那些服务站稀少、交通拥堵严重的道路上度过的。\n相比之下，渡轮旅行或游轮旅行提供了多种舒适的设施和服务。\n你可以在宽敞的甲板上伸展双腿、玩游戏，\n结识有趣的人，享受美味的美食——当然，这一切的前提都是海面必须风平浪静。\n如果海面不平静，而你又容易晕船，那就没有比这更糟糕的交通方式了。\n即使你在理想的天气条件下旅行，海上航行仍然需要很长时间。\n只有少数人愿意牺牲假期时间，去享受海上旅行的乐趣。\n飞机一直被认为是一种危险的交通工具，就连那些经验丰富的旅客也会对它们感到恐惧。\n它们的另一个缺点是费用昂贵。\n但是，在速度和舒适度方面，没有任何东西能比得上它们。\n在30,000英尺的高空飞行——远远高于云层之上——并以每小时500英里的速度前进，确实是一种令人兴奋的体验。\n你不必费心去寻找方法来转移自己的注意力，因为飞机能迅速将你送到目的地。\n你可以安坐在宽大的扶手椅里，享受飞行的乐趣。\n在有些航班上，真正想放松的人可以看看电影，喝喝香槟。\n但即使没有这些精致的服务，也有足够多的事情让你打发时间。\n从飞机上，你可以看到一个独特而令人惊叹的世界景象。\n你轻松地翱翔在高山之上，穿过幽深的山谷。\n你真的能够清楚地看到这片土地的轮廓和地形特征。\n如果地面景色被云层遮挡，\n你可以欣赏到那令人惊叹的景象：连绵不断的云层平铺在眼前，一望无际；而太阳则在清澈的天空下闪耀着耀眼的光芒。\n旅途非常平稳，没有任何因素会妨碍你阅读或睡觉。\n无论你如何度过时光，有一点是确定的：到达目的地时，你会精神焕发，毫无倦意。\n在接下来的几天里，你不必花费时间来恢复体力——毕竟你刚刚完成了一段漫长而艰辛的旅程。",
+    "text": "People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. \nHardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. \nTrain compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. \nIt is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. \nReading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lull you to sleep. \nDuring the day, sleep comes in snatches. \nAt night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. \nIf you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, \nyou spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection. \nInevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. \nLong car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. \nOn motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, \nbut more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. \nBy comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. \nYou can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, \nmeet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. \nIf it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. \nEven if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. \nRelatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.\n\nAeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. \nThey also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. \nBut nothing can match them for speed and comfort. \nTravelling at a height of 30, 000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. \nYou do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. \nFor a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. \nThe real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. \nBut even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. \nAn aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. \nYou soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. \nYou really see the shape of the land. \nIf the landscape is hidden from view, \nyou can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. \nThe journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. \nHowever you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. \nYou will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.",
+    "textTranslate": "长途旅行的人经常需要决定是选择陆路、海路还是航空方式来出行。 \n几乎没有人能够真正享受在火车上坐上几个小时以上的时光。 \n火车车厢很快就会变得拥挤不堪、空气也不流通（即非常闷热）。 \n几乎不可能让你把注意力从这段旅程上移开。 \n阅读只能提供部分缓解；车轮在铁轨上单调地咔嗒作响，这种声音很快就会让你入睡。 \n白天里，睡眠总是断断续续的。 \n到了晚上，当你真的想入睡的时候，却往往难以入睡。 \n如果你有幸买到一张卧铺票， \n你会花上半个晚上盯着天花板上的小蓝灯，或者摸索着找票接受检查。 \n最终，你几乎精疲力尽地到达了目的地。 \n长途驾车旅行更加令人不适，因为在这种情况下甚至连看书都几乎不可能做到。 \n在高速公路上，至少你可以以较高的速度安全地行驶。 \n但大多数情况下，旅途中的大部分时间都是在那些服务站稀少、交通拥堵严重的道路上度过的。 \n相比之下，渡轮旅行或游轮旅行提供了多种舒适的设施和服务。 \n你可以在宽敞的甲板上伸展双腿、玩游戏， \n结识有趣的人，享受美味的美食——当然，这一切的前提都是海面必须风平浪静。 \n如果海面不平静，而你又容易晕船，那就没有比这更糟糕的交通方式了。 \n即使你在理想的天气条件下旅行，海上航行仍然需要很长时间。 \n只有少数人愿意牺牲假期时间，去享受海上旅行的乐趣。 \n\n飞机一直被认为是一种危险的交通工具，就连那些经验丰富的旅客也会对它们感到恐惧。 \n它们的另一个缺点是费用昂贵。 \n但是，在速度和舒适度方面，没有任何东西能比得上它们。 \n在30,000英尺的高空飞行——远远高于云层之上——并以每小时500英里的速度前进，确实是一种令人兴奋的体验。 \n你不必费心去寻找方法来转移自己的注意力，因为飞机能迅速将你送到目的地。 \n你可以安坐在宽大的扶手椅里，享受飞行的乐趣。 \n在有些航班上，真正想放松的人可以看看电影，喝喝香槟。 \n但即使没有这些精致的服务，也有足够多的事情让你打发时间。 \n从飞机上，你可以看到一个独特而令人惊叹的世界景象。 \n你轻松地翱翔在高山之上，穿过幽深的山谷。 \n你真的能够清楚地看到这片土地的轮廓和地形特征。 \n如果地面景色被云层遮挡， \n你可以欣赏到那令人惊叹的景象：连绵不断的云层平铺在眼前，一望无际；而太阳则在清澈的天空下闪耀着耀眼的光芒。 \n旅途非常平稳，没有任何因素会妨碍你阅读或睡觉。 \n无论你如何度过时光，有一点是确定的：到达目的地时，你会精神焕发，毫无倦意。 \n在接下来的几天里，你不必花费时间来恢复体力——毕竟你刚刚完成了一段漫长而艰辛的旅程。",
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       "start": 8.93,
       "text": "Which type of transport does the writer prefer, do you think?",
@@ -818,13 +874,15 @@
     "id": "BkjXsV",
     "title": "The power of the press",
     "titleTranslate": "新闻报道的威力",
-    "text": "In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.\nHowever, this freedom can easily be abused.\nStories about people often attract far more public attention than political events.\nThough we may enjoy reading about the lives of others,\nit is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.\nActing on the contention that facts are sacred,\nreporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.\nNewspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.\nThe story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press.\nThe family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23, 000 inhabitants in South Dakota.\nAs the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.\nThey were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems.\nIf they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed.\nThey would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity.\nBut they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives.\nThe day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.\nThe rise to fame was swift.\nTelevision cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country.\nNewspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.\nGifts poured in not only from unknown people,\nbut from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.\nThe old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500, 000 home.\nReporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences.\nWhile the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery,\ntheir parents were paying the price for fame.\nIt would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives.\nThey had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value.\nInstead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.",
-    "textTranslate": "在民主国家中，任何限制新闻自由的行为都应受到谴责。\n然而，这种自由很容易被滥用。\n关于普通人的故事往往比政治事件更能吸引公众的注意力。\n虽然我们可能会喜欢阅读关于他人生活的故事，\n我们是否也会同样喜欢阅读关于自己的内容，这一点实在非常值得怀疑。\n基于“事实是神圣的”这一观点，\n记者通过公开个人的私生活细节，可能会给这些人带来难以估量的痛苦。\n报纸的影响力极其巨大；它们不仅能够对普通人的生活产生重大影响，甚至有可能推翻一个政府。\n这个关于一个贫困家庭如何一夜之间获得名望和财富的故事，生动地展示了媒体的影响力。\n这家人住在阿伯丁（Aberdeen），一个位于南达科他州（South Dakota）的小镇上，该镇共有23,000名居民。\n由于这对父母有五个孩子，他们的生活始终在与贫困作斗争。\n他们即将迎来第六个孩子，同时也面临着更加紧迫的经济问题。\n如果他们再多要一个孩子的话，这件事可能就会被忽视、无人注意了。\n他们本会继续在艰难的经济环境中挣扎，过着默默无闻的生活。\n但他们突然成为了五胞胎的父母——四个女孩和一个男孩，这一事件彻底改变了他们的生活。\n在五个孩子出生的第二天，一架飞机抵达阿伯丁，带来了六十名记者和摄影师。\n他们一举成名。\n电视摄像机与报纸将这一消息传遍了全国的每一个人。\n报纸和杂志向这家人提供了巨额报酬，以获得独家报道这些事件和发布相关照片的权利。\n礼物不仅来自陌生人，\n也来自希望借此宣传产品的婴儿食品和肥皂制造商。\n他们曾经居住的旧农舍将被一座价值50万美元的新房子所取代。\n记者们不断要求采访，因此这家人不得不聘请律师在新闻发布会上担任发言人。\n当这五个婴儿还在医院婴儿房的氧气帐篷里安静地睡着时……\n他们的父母正在为他们的名气付出代价。\n他们再也无法过上正常的生活了。\n他们成为了商业化的受害者，因为他们的名字已经具有了市场价值。\n这些孩子没有成为家庭的新成员，反而立刻被当成了商品。",
+    "text": "In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. \nHowever, this freedom can easily be abused. \nStories about people often attract far more public attention than political events. \nThough we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, \nit is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. \nActing on the contention that facts are sacred, \nreporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives. \nNewspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.\n\nThe story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press. \nThe family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23, 000 inhabitants in South Dakota. \nAs the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. \nThey were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems. \nIf they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. \nThey would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. \nBut they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives. \nThe day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.\n\nThe rise to fame was swift. \nTelevision cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country. \nNewspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs. \nGifts poured in not only from unknown people, \nbut from baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products. \nThe old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500, 000 home. \nReporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences. \nWhile the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, \ntheir parents were paying the price for fame. \nIt would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. \nThey had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value. \nInstead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.",
+    "textTranslate": "在民主国家中，任何限制新闻自由的行为都应受到谴责。 \n然而，这种自由很容易被滥用。 \n关于普通人的故事往往比政治事件更能吸引公众的注意力。 \n虽然我们可能会喜欢阅读关于他人生活的故事， \n我们是否也会同样喜欢阅读关于自己的内容，这一点实在非常值得怀疑。 \n基于“事实是神圣的”这一观点， \n记者通过公开个人的私生活细节，可能会给这些人带来难以估量的痛苦。 \n报纸的影响力极其巨大；它们不仅能够对普通人的生活产生重大影响，甚至有可能推翻一个政府。 \n\n这个关于一个贫困家庭如何一夜之间获得名望和财富的故事，生动地展示了媒体的影响力。 \n这家人住在阿伯丁（Aberdeen），一个位于南达科他州（South Dakota）的小镇上，该镇共有23,000名居民。 \n由于这对父母有五个孩子，他们的生活始终在与贫困作斗争。 \n他们即将迎来第六个孩子，同时也面临着更加紧迫的经济问题。 \n如果他们再多要一个孩子的话，这件事可能就会被忽视、无人注意了。 \n他们本会继续在艰难的经济环境中挣扎，过着默默无闻的生活。 \n但他们突然成为了五胞胎的父母——四个女孩和一个男孩，这一事件彻底改变了他们的生活。 \n在五个孩子出生的第二天，一架飞机抵达阿伯丁，带来了六十名记者和摄影师。 \n\n他们一举成名。 \n电视摄像机与报纸将这一消息传遍了全国的每一个人。 \n报纸和杂志向这家人提供了巨额报酬，以获得独家报道这些事件和发布相关照片的权利。 \n礼物不仅来自陌生人， \n也来自希望借此宣传产品的婴儿食品和肥皂制造商。 \n他们曾经居住的旧农舍将被一座价值50万美元的新房子所取代。 \n记者们不断要求采访，因此这家人不得不聘请律师在新闻发布会上担任发言人。 \n当这五个婴儿还在医院婴儿房的氧气帐篷里安静地睡着时…… \n他们的父母正在为他们的名气付出代价。 \n他们再也无法过上正常的生活了。 \n他们成为了商业化的受害者，因为他们的名字已经具有了市场价值。 \n这些孩子没有成为家庭的新成员，反而立刻被当成了商品。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.99,
       "text": "Does the writer think the parents were lucky or unlucky to gain prosperity in this way? Why?",
@@ -836,13 +894,15 @@
     "id": "l3VpEx",
     "title": "Do it yourself",
     "titleTranslate": "自己动手",
-    "text": "So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves,\nthat we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.\nNo one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications.\nArmed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.\nMen, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces,\nlaying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture.\nSome really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers.\nShops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices,\nbut by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.\nSuch things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.\nSome wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.\nEven men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics.\nWhen lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate,\nsome women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.\nThe worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything,\neven when they have repeatedly been proved wrong.\nIt is a question of pride as much as anything else.\nLast spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower.\nIt had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it.\nI would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.\nOne Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it.\nAs far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment:\na turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.\nInevitably the repair job was not quite so simple.\nThe mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it.\nThe garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower.\nBut I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble.\nOne of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped.\nAfter buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again.\nI was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it,\nfor the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.\nI gave up in despair.\nThe weeks passed and the grass grew.\nWhen my wife nagged me to do something about it,\nI told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow.\nNeedless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.\nBuried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.",
-    "textTranslate": "我们对亲自动手做事的热情是如此之强烈，\n以至于我们越来越不依赖专业劳动力了。\n如今，再没有人能够以“对某个主题一无所知”为借口了，因为市面上有数不胜数的 DIY（自己动手做）类出版物可供参考。\n配备了合适的工具和材料后，新婚夫妇便兴高采烈地开始装饰自己的家。\n尤其是男性，他们会花费大量的闲暇时间来自己安装壁炉。\n他们自己规划花园的布局，建造车库，并制作家具。\n一些非常热衷的爱好者甚至会自己组装电脑。\n商店不仅通过为新手提供专门的咨询服务，\n还通过向消费者提供各种可以自行组装的零件来迎合这股热潮。\n这类活动为人们提供了释放内心创造力的绝佳途径，可惜并不是每个人天生就擅长动手做事（或：并不是每个人天生都具备动手能力）。\n有些妻子总是认为自己的丈夫无所不能，什么问题都能解决。\n即使是那些连把钉子都钉不直的男人，也被认为天生就适合从事电工、木匠、水管工或机械师等工作。\n当保险丝烧断、家具摇晃、管道堵塞或吸尘器失灵时，\n有些女性认为，她们的丈夫会想办法把事情解决好。\n自己动手这事儿最糟糕的地方在于，有时候连男人自己都会误以为无所不能，\n即使他们的观点已经被多次证明是错误的，他们仍然坚持自己的立场。\n这主要是面子问题。\n去年春天，我妻子建议我请一位专业人士来检查一下我们的割草机。\n它在前一个夏天就坏掉了，虽然我答应过要修理它，但一直没能抽空去修。\n我断然拒绝了她的建议，说我自己能修。\n一个星期六的下午，我把那台机器搬到了花园里，仔细地观察了它一番。\n据我所见，它只需要进行微小的调整即可。\n这里拧个螺丝，那里紧一紧，再滴几滴油，它就能焕然一新了。\n不可避免地，这次维修工作并没有那么简单。\n割草机就是不肯割草，于是我决定把它拆开。\n花园里很快就散落着许多金属碎片——那些碎片原本是割草机的一部分。\n但我对自己感到非常满意。我已经找到了问题的根源。\n驱动轮子的链条上有一节断了。\n买了新链条后，我面临着一个无法完成的任务：把这个令人头疼的拼图重新装回去。\n当我重新组装好这台机器后，发现它仍然无法正常工作时，我并不感到惊讶。\n原因很简单：我手里还剩几块形状古怪的金属片，怎么也装不上去。\n我绝望地放弃了。\n几周过去了，草也长高了。\n当妻子催我处理这事时，\n我告诉她，要么我得买一台新的割草机，要么就任由草继续长下去。\n不用说，我们家现在被一片丛林包围了。\n在茂密的草丛中，埋着一把生锈的割草机；我曾承诺有朝一日一定会把它修好。",
+    "text": "So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, \nthat we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour. \nNo one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications. \nArmed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes. \nMen, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, \nlaying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture. \nSome really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers. \nShops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, \nbut by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home. \nSuch things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.\n\nSome wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything. \nEven men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics. \nWhen lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, \nsome women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right. \nThe worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, \neven when they have repeatedly been proved wrong. \nIt is a question of pride as much as anything else.\n\nLast spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower. \nIt had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it. \nI would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself. \nOne Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it. \nAs far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment: \na turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new. \nInevitably the repair job was not quite so simple. \nThe mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it. \nThe garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower. \nBut I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble. \nOne of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped. \nAfter buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again. \nI was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, \nfor the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere. \nI gave up in despair. \nThe weeks passed and the grass grew. \nWhen my wife nagged me to do something about it, \nI told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow. \nNeedless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle. \nBuried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.",
+    "textTranslate": "我们对亲自动手做事的热情是如此之强烈， \n以至于我们越来越不依赖专业劳动力了。 \n如今，再没有人能够以“对某个主题一无所知”为借口了，因为市面上有数不胜数的 DIY（自己动手做）类出版物可供参考。 \n配备了合适的工具和材料后，新婚夫妇便兴高采烈地开始装饰自己的家。 \n尤其是男性，他们会花费大量的闲暇时间来自己安装壁炉。 \n他们自己规划花园的布局，建造车库，并制作家具。 \n一些非常热衷的爱好者甚至会自己组装电脑。 \n商店不仅通过为新手提供专门的咨询服务， \n还通过向消费者提供各种可以自行组装的零件来迎合这股热潮。 \n这类活动为人们提供了释放内心创造力的绝佳途径，可惜并不是每个人天生就擅长动手做事（或：并不是每个人天生都具备动手能力）。 \n\n有些妻子总是认为自己的丈夫无所不能，什么问题都能解决。 \n即使是那些连把钉子都钉不直的男人，也被认为天生就适合从事电工、木匠、水管工或机械师等工作。 \n当保险丝烧断、家具摇晃、管道堵塞或吸尘器失灵时， \n有些女性认为，她们的丈夫会想办法把事情解决好。 \n自己动手这事儿最糟糕的地方在于，有时候连男人自己都会误以为无所不能， \n即使他们的观点已经被多次证明是错误的，他们仍然坚持自己的立场。 \n这主要是面子问题。 \n\n去年春天，我妻子建议我请一位专业人士来检查一下我们的割草机。 \n它在前一个夏天就坏掉了，虽然我答应过要修理它，但一直没能抽空去修。 \n我断然拒绝了她的建议，说我自己能修。 \n一个星期六的下午，我把那台机器搬到了花园里，仔细地观察了它一番。 \n据我所见，它只需要进行微小的调整即可。 \n这里拧个螺丝，那里紧一紧，再滴几滴油，它就能焕然一新了。 \n不可避免地，这次维修工作并没有那么简单。 \n割草机就是不肯割草，于是我决定把它拆开。 \n花园里很快就散落着许多金属碎片——那些碎片原本是割草机的一部分。 \n但我对自己感到非常满意。我已经找到了问题的根源。 \n驱动轮子的链条上有一节断了。 \n买了新链条后，我面临着一个无法完成的任务：把这个令人头疼的拼图重新装回去。 \n当我重新组装好这台机器后，发现它仍然无法正常工作时，我并不感到惊讶。 \n原因很简单：我手里还剩几块形状古怪的金属片，怎么也装不上去。 \n我绝望地放弃了。 \n几周过去了，草也长高了。 \n当妻子催我处理这事时， \n我告诉她，要么我得买一台新的割草机，要么就任由草继续长下去。 \n不用说，我们家现在被一片丛林包围了。 \n在茂密的草丛中，埋着一把生锈的割草机；我曾承诺有朝一日一定会把它修好。",
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       "start": 9.29,
       "text": "Did the writer repair his lawn mower in the end? Why/Why not?",
@@ -854,13 +914,15 @@
     "id": "i8mNde",
     "title": "Too high a price?",
     "titleTranslate": "代价太高？",
-    "text": "Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, overindustrialized planet.\nWhen you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish:\ndump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it.\nWe keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.\nRubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet.\nThe need to produce ever increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.\nIndustriallized farming metheods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken.\nThe use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables.\nThe price we pay for cheap food may be already too high:\nMad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and listeria in dairy products.\nAnd if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian,\nyou have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables\nor a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables,\nor just having an innocent glass of water!\nHowever, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban area and invades our daily lives, and that is noise.\nBurglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle.\nCar alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation.\nA recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?)\nthat dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7.\nThe survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike.\nLawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks,\nnoisy neighbours, vehicles of all kinds,\nespecially large container trucks thundering through quiet villages,\nplanes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume.\nNew technology has also made its own contribution to noise.\nA lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurant or on public transport.\nLoud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.\nThe noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing old-fashioned source of noise.\nIt turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders.\nIt was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore.\nThis figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties.\nAgainst these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly,\nwhile the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners.\nWhatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.",
-    "textTranslate": "污染是我们这个人口过剩、过度工业化的星球所必须付出的代价。\n仔细想想，处理垃圾其实只有四种方法：\n把它扔掉、烧掉，或者把它改造成可以再次使用的东西；尽量减少它的生产量。\n我们一直在尝试这四种方法，但全球产生的垃圾数量实在庞大，几乎让我们应接不暇。\n然而，垃圾仅仅是污染我们地球问题的一个方面罢了。\n对廉价食品日益增长的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。\n工业化农业生产方式能够制造出价格低廉的肉类产品，包括牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉。\n使用农药和化肥可以生产出价格低廉的谷物和蔬菜。\n我们为廉价食品所支付的价格可能已经太高了。\n牛的疯牛病（BSE）、鸡肉和鸡蛋中的沙门氏菌、乳制品中的李斯特菌……\n如果你打算放弃吃肉、成为素食者，\n你也有选择：要么购买价格昂贵的有机蔬菜，\n要么每次以为自己在吃新鲜沙拉或蔬菜时，其实都在摄入农药；\n或者，你也可以选择简单地喝一杯水……\n然而，还有一种更为隐蔽的污染形式，它尤其影响城市地区，并渗透到我们的日常生活中，那就是噪音。\n防盗警报在日夜任何时候突然响起，不仅会惹恼路人，反而会帮助窃贼作案；\n汽车警报声在街上不断刺耳地鸣叫，令人极度烦躁。\n最近一项关于噪音影响的调查显示（令人惊讶的是），\n夜间狗不停地吠叫被列为噪音污染中最严重的形式（在1到7的评分体系中得分最高）。\n这项调查还揭示了许多我们非常讨厌的噪音来源：\n夏日里割草机的嗡嗡声、公寓楼里的深夜聚会……\n吵闹的邻居们，各种各样的车辆……\n尤其是那些巨大的集装箱卡车，在宁静的村庄里轰鸣着驶过……\n飞机和直升机在头顶上飞过；在公共场所，人们会携带大型收音机，并将音量调至最大来播放音乐。\n新技术也为噪音问题做出了自己的'贡献'。\n很多人反对在公共场所（如餐厅或公共交通工具上）使用手机。\n手机上大声的通话声会干扰我们的思绪，或者打断我们与朋友安静交谈的乐趣。\n噪音污染调查显示了一个相当令人惊讶、甚至有点滑稽的老式噪音来源。\n原来问题出在打鼾上！研究发现，男性是打鼾问题最严重的群体。\n据调查显示，20%的三十多岁男性有打鼾的习惯。\n而在六十多岁的男性中，这个数字惊人地高达60%。\n与这些数据相比，研究发现只有5%的女性经常打鼾。\n而其余的女性则不断被她们如吹号般的伴侣吵醒或无法入睡。\n无论噪音的来源是什么，有一点是肯定的：沉默似乎已经成为了一段珍贵的回忆。",
+    "text": "Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, overindustrialized planet. \nWhen you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: \ndump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. \nWe keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.\n\nRubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. \nThe need to produce ever increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. \nIndustriallized farming metheods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. \nThe use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables. \nThe price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: \nMad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and listeria in dairy products. \nAnd if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, \nyou have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables \nor a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables, \nor just having an innocent glass of water!\n\nHowever, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban area and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. \nBurglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. \nCar alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation. \nA recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) \nthat dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. \nThe survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike. \nLawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, \nnoisy neighbours, vehicles of all kinds, \nespecially large container trucks thundering through quiet villages, \nplanes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. \nNew technology has also made its own contribution to noise. \nA lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurant or on public transport. \nLoud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat. \nThe noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing old-fashioned source of noise. \nIt turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders. \nIt was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore. \nThis figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. \nAgainst these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, \nwhile the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners. \nWhatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.",
+    "textTranslate": "污染是我们这个人口过剩、过度工业化的星球所必须付出的代价。 \n仔细想想，处理垃圾其实只有四种方法： \n把它扔掉、烧掉，或者把它改造成可以再次使用的东西；尽量减少它的生产量。 \n我们一直在尝试这四种方法，但全球产生的垃圾数量实在庞大，几乎让我们应接不暇。 \n\n然而，垃圾仅仅是污染我们地球问题的一个方面罢了。 \n对廉价食品日益增长的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。 \n工业化农业生产方式能够制造出价格低廉的肉类产品，包括牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉。 \n使用农药和化肥可以生产出价格低廉的谷物和蔬菜。 \n我们为廉价食品所支付的价格可能已经太高了。 \n牛的疯牛病（BSE）、鸡肉和鸡蛋中的沙门氏菌、乳制品中的李斯特菌…… \n如果你打算放弃吃肉、成为素食者， \n你也有选择：要么购买价格昂贵的有机蔬菜， \n要么每次以为自己在吃新鲜沙拉或蔬菜时，其实都在摄入农药； \n或者，你也可以选择简单地喝一杯水…… \n\n然而，还有一种更为隐蔽的污染形式，它尤其影响城市地区，并渗透到我们的日常生活中，那就是噪音。 \n防盗警报在日夜任何时候突然响起，不仅会惹恼路人，反而会帮助窃贼作案； \n汽车警报声在街上不断刺耳地鸣叫，令人极度烦躁。 \n最近一项关于噪音影响的调查显示（令人惊讶的是）， \n夜间狗不停地吠叫被列为噪音污染中最严重的形式（在1到7的评分体系中得分最高）。 \n这项调查还揭示了许多我们非常讨厌的噪音来源： \n夏日里割草机的嗡嗡声、公寓楼里的深夜聚会…… \n吵闹的邻居们，各种各样的车辆…… \n尤其是那些巨大的集装箱卡车，在宁静的村庄里轰鸣着驶过…… \n飞机和直升机在头顶上飞过；在公共场所，人们会携带大型收音机，并将音量调至最大来播放音乐。 \n新技术也为噪音问题做出了自己的'贡献'。 \n很多人反对在公共场所（如餐厅或公共交通工具上）使用手机。 \n手机上大声的通话声会干扰我们的思绪，或者打断我们与朋友安静交谈的乐趣。 \n噪音污染调查显示了一个相当令人惊讶、甚至有点滑稽的老式噪音来源。 \n原来问题出在打鼾上！研究发现，男性是打鼾问题最严重的群体。 \n据调查显示，20%的三十多岁男性有打鼾的习惯。 \n而在六十多岁的男性中，这个数字惊人地高达60%。 \n与这些数据相比，研究发现只有5%的女性经常打鼾。 \n而其余的女性则不断被她们如吹号般的伴侣吵醒或无法入睡。 \n无论噪音的来源是什么，有一点是肯定的：沉默似乎已经成为了一段珍贵的回忆。",
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       "text": "What does the writer describe as an 'amusing old-fashioned source of noise' ?",
@@ -872,13 +934,15 @@
     "id": "Vc21rA",
     "title": "The silent village",
     "titleTranslate": "沉默的村庄",
-    "text": "In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists.\nWe always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.\nBut people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers.\nVisits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable--as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.\nWe had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity.\nThese attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.\nOn the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.\nThis was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.\nTaking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.\nWe expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees.\nWe tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream.\nWe could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.\nSuddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank.\nIn it there was a boatman fast asleep.\nWe gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side.\nThough he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.\nThe path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.\nThe place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.\nEven under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.\nThe village seemed deserted,\nthe only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.\nSitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch.\nAll at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.\nLooking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.\nWe offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless.\nI concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.\nWhen we later walked down the main street of the village, we were followed by a silent procession of children.\nThe village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.\nFaces appeared at windows.\nMen in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us.\nOld women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.\nThe most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.\nThere was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors.\nWe needed no further warning.\nTurning back down the main street,\nwe quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.",
-    "textTranslate": "在这个充满旅行的世界里，仍然有成千上万的地方对游客来说是无法到达的。\n我们总是认为偏远地区的村民友好且好客。\n然而，那些不仅与外国游客隔绝、甚至与本国人隔绝的人，可能会对旅行者怀有敌意。\n真正偏远村庄的游览往往并不愉快——我和妻子在巴尔干半岛旅行时就深有体会。\n我们在一个小镇上待了几天，还参观了附近的几座古老教堂。\n这些教堂吸引了许多游客，因为它们不仅在建筑上很有价值，而且还保存着大量精美的壁画。\n出发前一天，一大批游客乘巴士来到了这个小镇。\n这让我们难以忍受，于是我们决定在最后一天去乡村探索一番。\n我们沿着一条小路离开小镇，穿过几片田野，最终来到了一片茂密的森林。\n我们原本以为这条小路会突然结束，但实际上它蜿蜒穿过树林，继续延伸下去。\n我们跋涉穿过森林，花了两个多小时的时间，终于来到了一条湍急的小溪边。\n我们可以看到小路在另一边继续延伸，但我们完全不知道该如何穿过那条小溪。\n突然，我的妻子发现有一艘船停靠在岸边。\n里面有一个正在熟睡的船夫。\n我们轻轻地唤醒了他，然后请他带我们到另一边去。\n虽然他一开始并不愿意，但我们最终说服了他带我们一起去。\n这条小路通向一个坐落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。\n这个地方有一条蜿蜒曲折、尚未铺好的道路，道路两旁排列着一些小房子。\n即使是在万里无云的蓝天下，这个村庄看起来依然令人望而生畏——所有的房屋都是用灰色的泥砖建造的。\n这个村庄看起来像是被遗弃了。\n唯一的生命迹象是一只长相丑陋的黑色山羊，它被用一根短绳子拴在附近田野里的一棵树上。\n我们坐在田野旁边那道破旧的木栅栏旁，打开了几罐沙丁鱼，然后享用了一顿野餐午餐。\n突然间，我注意到我的妻子似乎充满了恐慌（或：显得非常焦虑）。\n我查了一下后发现，我们周围围着一群衣衫褴褛的孩子们；当我们吃饭时，他们静静地注视着我们。\n我们给了他们食物，并用温和的语气与他们交谈，但他们依然一动不动。\n我得出结论：他们只是对陌生人感到害羞而已。\n后来，当我们沿着村庄的主街走去时，有一群沉默的孩子们跟在我们后面。\n这个原本看似荒无人烟的村庄立刻变得热闹起来。\n人们的身影出现在窗户前。\n那些只穿着衬衫、没有穿外套的男人们站在自家房子外面，怒视着我们。\n那些披着黑色披肩的老妇人从门缝里向我们张望。\n最可怕的是，竟然一点声音都听不到。\n毫无疑问，我们是不受欢迎的访客。\n我们不需要任何进一步的警告。\n拐回主街道后，\n我们加快了步伐，迅速朝小溪走去，希望船夫正在那里等着我们。",
+    "text": "In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. \nWe always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. \nBut people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers. \nVisits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable--as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.\n\nWe had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity. \nThese attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. \nOn the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town. \nThis was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside. \nTaking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood. \nWe expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees. \nWe tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream. \nWe could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream. \nSuddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. \nIn it there was a boatman fast asleep. \nWe gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. \nThough he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.\n\nThe path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. \nThe place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses. \nEven under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks. \nThe village seemed deserted, \nthe only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby. \nSitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch. \nAll at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm. \nLooking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate. \nWe offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless. \nI concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. \nWhen we later walked down the main street of the village, we were followed by a silent procession of children. \nThe village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life. \nFaces appeared at windows. \nMen in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. \nOld women in black shawls peered at us from doorways. \nThe most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard. \nThere was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. \nWe needed no further warning. \nTurning back down the main street, \nwe quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.",
+    "textTranslate": "在这个充满旅行的世界里，仍然有成千上万的地方对游客来说是无法到达的。 \n我们总是认为偏远地区的村民友好且好客。 \n然而，那些不仅与外国游客隔绝、甚至与本国人隔绝的人，可能会对旅行者怀有敌意。 \n真正偏远村庄的游览往往并不愉快——我和妻子在巴尔干半岛旅行时就深有体会。 \n\n我们在一个小镇上待了几天，还参观了附近的几座古老教堂。 \n这些教堂吸引了许多游客，因为它们不仅在建筑上很有价值，而且还保存着大量精美的壁画。 \n出发前一天，一大批游客乘巴士来到了这个小镇。 \n这让我们难以忍受，于是我们决定在最后一天去乡村探索一番。 \n我们沿着一条小路离开小镇，穿过几片田野，最终来到了一片茂密的森林。 \n我们原本以为这条小路会突然结束，但实际上它蜿蜒穿过树林，继续延伸下去。 \n我们跋涉穿过森林，花了两个多小时的时间，终于来到了一条湍急的小溪边。 \n我们可以看到小路在另一边继续延伸，但我们完全不知道该如何穿过那条小溪。 \n突然，我的妻子发现有一艘船停靠在岸边。 \n里面有一个正在熟睡的船夫。 \n我们轻轻地唤醒了他，然后请他带我们到另一边去。 \n虽然他一开始并不愿意，但我们最终说服了他带我们一起去。 \n\n这条小路通向一个坐落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。 \n这个地方有一条蜿蜒曲折、尚未铺好的道路，道路两旁排列着一些小房子。 \n即使是在万里无云的蓝天下，这个村庄看起来依然令人望而生畏——所有的房屋都是用灰色的泥砖建造的。 \n这个村庄看起来像是被遗弃了。 \n唯一的生命迹象是一只长相丑陋的黑色山羊，它被用一根短绳子拴在附近田野里的一棵树上。 \n我们坐在田野旁边那道破旧的木栅栏旁，打开了几罐沙丁鱼，然后享用了一顿野餐午餐。 \n突然间，我注意到我的妻子似乎充满了恐慌（或：显得非常焦虑）。 \n我查了一下后发现，我们周围围着一群衣衫褴褛的孩子们；当我们吃饭时，他们静静地注视着我们。 \n我们给了他们食物，并用温和的语气与他们交谈，但他们依然一动不动。 \n我得出结论：他们只是对陌生人感到害羞而已。 \n后来，当我们沿着村庄的主街走去时，有一群沉默的孩子们跟在我们后面。 \n这个原本看似荒无人烟的村庄立刻变得热闹起来。 \n人们的身影出现在窗户前。 \n那些只穿着衬衫、没有穿外套的男人们站在自家房子外面，怒视着我们。 \n那些披着黑色披肩的老妇人从门缝里向我们张望。 \n最可怕的是，竟然一点声音都听不到。 \n毫无疑问，我们是不受欢迎的访客。 \n我们不需要任何进一步的警告。 \n拐回主街道后， \n我们加快了步伐，迅速朝小溪走去，希望船夫正在那里等着我们。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/48－The Silent Village.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.01,
       "text": "Why was the village silent?",
@@ -890,13 +954,15 @@
     "id": "q7-apF",
     "title": "The ideal servant",
     "titleTranslate": "理想的仆人",
-    "text": "It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago.\nIf she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.\nAunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework.\nShe had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'.\nShe was sentimentally attached to this house,\nfor even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.\nBefore she grew old, aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.\nI often visited The Gables when I was a boy.\nNo matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate.\nThe parquet floors shone like mirrors;\nhighly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets;\neven my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.\nAunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished.\nShe always referred to them as 'the shifting population',\nfor they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.\nThough my aunt pursued what was, in those days an enlightened policy,\nin that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.\nWhile she always criticized the fickleness of human nature,\nshe carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days,\neven after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.\nBessie worked for aunt Harriet for three years.\nDuring that time she so gained my aunt's confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.\nAunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency.\nIn addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook.\nShe acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness'.\nAfter being absent from The Gables for a week,\nmy aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner.\nNot only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily.\nShe bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests.\nWhen she came in with the last course--a huge pudding--she tripped on the carpet\nand the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.\nThough this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified.\nShe reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk.\nThe guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe,\nhad had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.\nThe poor girl was dismissed instantly.\nAfter her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe.\nThey had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!",
-    "textTranslate": "幸好我的阿姨哈丽特几年前就去世了。\n如果她今天还活着，她将无法再公开表达自己最热衷讨论的话题——也就是关于家庭佣人的看法了。\n哈丽特阿姨生活在那个时代：那时人们还会雇佣仆人来帮忙做家务。\n她拥有一座规模庞大、布局错综复杂的乡村住宅，名叫“The Gables”。\n她对这栋房子怀有深厚的情感依恋。\n尽管那套房子远远超出了她的实际需求（空间太大，不符合她的居住要求），但在丈夫去世后，她仍然坚持住在那里很长时间。\n在哈丽特阿姨年老之前，她总是非常热情地招待客人，总是准备丰盛的美食和精彩的娱乐活动来款待他们。\n我小时候经常去“The Gables”那个地方。\n无论有多少客人来访，那座宏伟的房子总是保持得一尘不染、整洁有序。\n镶木地板闪闪发光，就像镜子一样。\n那些经过精心打磨的银器被陈列在闪闪发光的玻璃柜中。\n就连我叔叔那庞大的藏书量，也奇迹般地没有一点灰尘。\n哈丽特阿姨指挥着一支“看不见的仆人队伍”，这支队伍不断地擦拭、清洁和抛光各种物品。\n她总是把他们称为“流动的人口”（即那些不断迁移、居无定所的人群）。\n因为他们来得频繁，去得也快，以至于我根本没机会记住他们的名字。\n尽管我的姑姑在当时推行了一项被认为具有前瞻性的政策，\n因为她从不允许家中的佣人每天工作超过八小时，所以她非常难以取悦。\n虽然她总是批评人性的善变，\n她一生都在不懈地寻找那个理想的仆人，直到生命的最后一刻。\n即使在她被贝西（Bessie）彻底打消了所有希望之后……\n贝西在哈丽特阿姨家工作了三年。\n在那段时间里，她赢得了我阿姨的充分信任，以至于被委以管理所有家务人员的重任。\n哈丽特阿姨实在找不到合适的词语来赞扬贝西的勤奋和高效。\n除了拥有其他各种技能外，贝西还是一位烹饪高手。\n她扮演了“完美仆人”的角色长达三年，直到哈丽特阿姨发现了她的“小缺点”。\n在缺席了《The Gables》节目一周之后……\n一天下午，我的阿姨突然带着一群客人回来了，她吩咐贝西准备晚餐。\n这顿饭的质量远低于平时的标准；而且贝西似乎也走不稳了。\n她撞到了家具，然后不停地嘟囔着关于那些客人的事情。\n当她端着最后一道菜（一道巨大的布丁）进来时，她在地毯上绊倒了。\n布丁突然飞到了空中，差点撞到我的阿姨，然后猛烈地摔在了餐桌上。\n虽然这引起了在场宾客们的阵阵笑声，但哈丽特阿姨却感到非常震惊。\n她勉强得出结论：贝西肯定是喝醉了。\n当然，客人们从贝西为他们开门的那一刻起就意识到了这一点；早在最终灾难发生之前，他们就已经察觉到了不对劲。\n他们很难掩饰自己的笑意。\n那个可怜的女孩立刻就被解雇了。\n在她离开后，哈丽特阿姨发现：曾经是贝西衣柜的地方，现在整齐地堆放着一堆堆形状各异、大小不一的空酒瓶。\n它们竟然神秘地从酒窖里找到了通往那里的路！",
+    "text": "It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago. \nIf she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants. \nAunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework. \nShe had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'. \nShe was sentimentally attached to this house, \nfor even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death. \nBefore she grew old, aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. \nI often visited The Gables when I was a boy. \nNo matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate. \nThe parquet floors shone like mirrors; \nhighly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; \neven my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust. \nAunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished. \nShe always referred to them as 'the shifting population', \nfor they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names. \nThough my aunt pursued what was, in those days an enlightened policy, \nin that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please. \nWhile she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, \nshe carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, \neven after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.\n\nBessie worked for aunt Harriet for three years. \nDuring that time she so gained my aunt's confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff. \nAunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency. \nIn addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook. \nShe acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness'. \nAfter being absent from The Gables for a week, \nmy aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner. \nNot only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily. \nShe bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests. \nWhen she came in with the last course--a huge pudding--she tripped on the carpet \nand the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force. \nThough this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified. \nShe reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. \nThe guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, \nhad had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement. \nThe poor girl was dismissed instantly. \nAfter her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe. \nThey had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!",
+    "textTranslate": "幸好我的阿姨哈丽特几年前就去世了。 \n如果她今天还活着，她将无法再公开表达自己最热衷讨论的话题——也就是关于家庭佣人的看法了。 \n哈丽特阿姨生活在那个时代：那时人们还会雇佣仆人来帮忙做家务。 \n她拥有一座规模庞大、布局错综复杂的乡村住宅，名叫“The Gables”。 \n她对这栋房子怀有深厚的情感依恋。 \n尽管那套房子远远超出了她的实际需求（空间太大，不符合她的居住要求），但在丈夫去世后，她仍然坚持住在那里很长时间。 \n在哈丽特阿姨年老之前，她总是非常热情地招待客人，总是准备丰盛的美食和精彩的娱乐活动来款待他们。 \n我小时候经常去“The Gables”那个地方。 \n无论有多少客人来访，那座宏伟的房子总是保持得一尘不染、整洁有序。 \n镶木地板闪闪发光，就像镜子一样。 \n那些经过精心打磨的银器被陈列在闪闪发光的玻璃柜中。 \n就连我叔叔那庞大的藏书量，也奇迹般地没有一点灰尘。 \n哈丽特阿姨指挥着一支“看不见的仆人队伍”，这支队伍不断地擦拭、清洁和抛光各种物品。 \n她总是把他们称为“流动的人口”（即那些不断迁移、居无定所的人群）。 \n因为他们来得频繁，去得也快，以至于我根本没机会记住他们的名字。 \n尽管我的姑姑在当时推行了一项被认为具有前瞻性的政策， \n因为她从不允许家中的佣人每天工作超过八小时，所以她非常难以取悦。 \n虽然她总是批评人性的善变， \n她一生都在不懈地寻找那个理想的仆人，直到生命的最后一刻。 \n即使在她被贝西（Bessie）彻底打消了所有希望之后…… \n\n贝西在哈丽特阿姨家工作了三年。 \n在那段时间里，她赢得了我阿姨的充分信任，以至于被委以管理所有家务人员的重任。 \n哈丽特阿姨实在找不到合适的词语来赞扬贝西的勤奋和高效。 \n除了拥有其他各种技能外，贝西还是一位烹饪高手。 \n她扮演了“完美仆人”的角色长达三年，直到哈丽特阿姨发现了她的“小缺点”。 \n在缺席了《The Gables》节目一周之后…… \n一天下午，我的阿姨突然带着一群客人回来了，她吩咐贝西准备晚餐。 \n这顿饭的质量远低于平时的标准；而且贝西似乎也走不稳了。 \n她撞到了家具，然后不停地嘟囔着关于那些客人的事情。 \n当她端着最后一道菜（一道巨大的布丁）进来时，她在地毯上绊倒了。 \n布丁突然飞到了空中，差点撞到我的阿姨，然后猛烈地摔在了餐桌上。 \n虽然这引起了在场宾客们的阵阵笑声，但哈丽特阿姨却感到非常震惊。 \n她勉强得出结论：贝西肯定是喝醉了。 \n当然，客人们从贝西为他们开门的那一刻起就意识到了这一点；早在最终灾难发生之前，他们就已经察觉到了不对劲。 \n他们很难掩饰自己的笑意。 \n那个可怜的女孩立刻就被解雇了。 \n在她离开后，哈丽特阿姨发现：曾经是贝西衣柜的地方，现在整齐地堆放着一堆堆形状各异、大小不一的空酒瓶。 \n它们竟然神秘地从酒窖里找到了通往那里的路！",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.9,
       "text": "What was Bessie's 'little weakness' ?",
@@ -908,13 +974,15 @@
     "id": "27d1Z1",
     "title": "New Year resolutions",
     "titleTranslate": "新年的决心",
-    "text": "The New Year is a time for resolutions.\nMentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'.\nThe same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.\nWe resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less,\nfind more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house,\nbe nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.\nPast experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.\nIf we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.\nMost of us fail in our efforts at sel-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.\nWe also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody\nso that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.\nAware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.\nI limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises every morning and to read more of an evening.\nAn all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year,\nbut on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.\nThe daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up.\nThe self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed 11 minutes earlier than usual was considerable.\nNevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out.\nAfter jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions,\nI sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.\nIt was this that betrayed me.\nThe next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance.\nThat was really unsettling but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea.\nHowever, my enthusiasm waned.\nThe time I spent at exercises gradually diminished.\nLittle by little the eleven minutes fell to zero.\nBy January 10th, I was back to where I had started from.\nI argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning,\nI would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.\nResisting the hypnotizing effect of television,\nI sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book.\nOne night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read.\nThat proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.\nI still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading.\nIn fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute.\nPerhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!",
-    "textTranslate": "新年是一个制定新目标的时刻。\n至少在精神层面上，我们大多数人都能列出一份详尽的“该做”与“不该做”的清单。\n那些老掉牙的决心年复一年地重复出现，单调得令人厌烦。\n我们决定每天早上早起一些，少吃一些食物。\n多花些时间陪孩子们玩耍，同时还要处理家里的各种琐事（比如打扫卫生、做饭、洗衣服等等）。\n对待那些我们不喜欢的人也要友善；开车时要小心谨慎；每天还要带狗狗去散步。\n过去的经验告诉我们，有些成就其实是无法实现的。\n如果我们还是顽固的烟民，那只是因为我们太多次地经历了因失败而产生的挫败感。\n我们大多数人在自我提升的努力中失败，是因为我们的计划过于宏大，而我们根本没有时间去执行。\n我们还有一个根本性的错误：那就是把我们的决心或计划公之于众。\n这样，当我们重新回到那些糟糕的老习惯时，看起来就会更加愚蠢了。\n意识到这些陷阱后，今年我试着把决心只留给自己。\n我给自己设定了两个简单的目标：每天早上坚持做体育锻炼，晚上多读书。\n新年前夜的通宵派对为我提供了一个很好的借口，让我能够在新年的第一天不执行任何这些新年决心。\n但到了第二天，我勤勉地执行起这项任务。\n每天的锻炼只有十一分钟，我打算在清晨大家还没起床前做。\n要比平时早11分钟起床，所需要的自制力是相当大的。\n尽管如此，我还是设法在两天里悄悄溜进客厅，直到被家人发现。\n在毯子上跳来跳去、把人的身体扭成各种不舒服的姿势之后……\n我疲惫不堪地坐到了早餐桌前。\n正是这个状态出卖了我。\n第二天早上，全家人都聚在一起观看这场表演。\n那确实让人不自在，但我用幽默的态度抵挡了家人的嘲笑和讥讽，大家很快就习惯了。\n然而，我的热情逐渐消退了。\n我花在锻炼上的时间逐渐减少了。\n渐渐地，这十一分钟减少到了零。\n到了1月10日，我又回到了起点。\n我心想，如果早上少花些时间把自己累得筋疲力尽，\n下班回家后我就能保持头脑清醒来读书了。\n抗拒电视的催眠效果……\n有好几个晚上，我待在房间里，眼睛一直粘在书上。\n然而，有一天晚上，我感到寒冷又孤独，于是下楼坐在电视机前，假装在看书。\n这证明是我的败因，因为我很快又恢复了在屏幕前打瞌睡的老毛病。\n我仍然没有放弃多读书的决心。\n事实上，我刚刚买了一本书，书名是《如何一分钟读完一千个单词》。\n也许这本书能解决我的问题，只是我还没时间去读它罢了！",
+    "text": "The New Year is a time for resolutions. \nMentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'. \nThe same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. \nWe resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, \nfind more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, \nbe nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day. \nPast experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. \nIf we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. \nMost of us fail in our efforts at sel-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. \nWe also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody \nso that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. \nAware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. \nI limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises every morning and to read more of an evening. \nAn all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, \nbut on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.\n\nThe daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. \nThe self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed 11 minutes earlier than usual was considerable. \nNevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out. \nAfter jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, \nI sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. \nIt was this that betrayed me. \nThe next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. \nThat was really unsettling but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. \nHowever, my enthusiasm waned. \nThe time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. \nLittle by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. \nBy January 10th, I was back to where I had started from. \nI argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, \nI would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work. \nResisting the hypnotizing effect of television, \nI sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. \nOne night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. \nThat proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. \nI still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading. \nIn fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute. \nPerhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!",
+    "textTranslate": "新年是一个制定新目标的时刻。 \n至少在精神层面上，我们大多数人都能列出一份详尽的“该做”与“不该做”的清单。 \n那些老掉牙的决心年复一年地重复出现，单调得令人厌烦。 \n我们决定每天早上早起一些，少吃一些食物。 \n多花些时间陪孩子们玩耍，同时还要处理家里的各种琐事（比如打扫卫生、做饭、洗衣服等等）。 \n对待那些我们不喜欢的人也要友善；开车时要小心谨慎；每天还要带狗狗去散步。 \n过去的经验告诉我们，有些成就其实是无法实现的。 \n如果我们还是顽固的烟民，那只是因为我们太多次地经历了因失败而产生的挫败感。 \n我们大多数人在自我提升的努力中失败，是因为我们的计划过于宏大，而我们根本没有时间去执行。 \n我们还有一个根本性的错误：那就是把我们的决心或计划公之于众。 \n这样，当我们重新回到那些糟糕的老习惯时，看起来就会更加愚蠢了。 \n意识到这些陷阱后，今年我试着把决心只留给自己。 \n我给自己设定了两个简单的目标：每天早上坚持做体育锻炼，晚上多读书。 \n新年前夜的通宵派对为我提供了一个很好的借口，让我能够在新年的第一天不执行任何这些新年决心。 \n但到了第二天，我勤勉地执行起这项任务。 \n\n每天的锻炼只有十一分钟，我打算在清晨大家还没起床前做。 \n要比平时早11分钟起床，所需要的自制力是相当大的。 \n尽管如此，我还是设法在两天里悄悄溜进客厅，直到被家人发现。 \n在毯子上跳来跳去、把人的身体扭成各种不舒服的姿势之后…… \n我疲惫不堪地坐到了早餐桌前。 \n正是这个状态出卖了我。 \n第二天早上，全家人都聚在一起观看这场表演。 \n那确实让人不自在，但我用幽默的态度抵挡了家人的嘲笑和讥讽，大家很快就习惯了。 \n然而，我的热情逐渐消退了。 \n我花在锻炼上的时间逐渐减少了。 \n渐渐地，这十一分钟减少到了零。 \n到了1月10日，我又回到了起点。 \n我心想，如果早上少花些时间把自己累得筋疲力尽， \n下班回家后我就能保持头脑清醒来读书了。 \n抗拒电视的催眠效果…… \n有好几个晚上，我待在房间里，眼睛一直粘在书上。 \n然而，有一天晚上，我感到寒冷又孤独，于是下楼坐在电视机前，假装在看书。 \n这证明是我的败因，因为我很快又恢复了在屏幕前打瞌睡的老毛病。 \n我仍然没有放弃多读书的决心。 \n事实上，我刚刚买了一本书，书名是《如何一分钟读完一千个单词》。 \n也许这本书能解决我的问题，只是我还没时间去读它罢了！",
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       "start": 10.99,
       "text": "What marked the end of the writer's New Year resolutions?",
@@ -926,13 +994,15 @@
     "id": "x5Ews3",
     "title": "Predicting the future",
     "titleTranslate": "预测未来",
-    "text": "Predicting the future is notoriously difficult.\nWho could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example,\nthat by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in people's homes as TV sets?\nIn the 1970s, computers were common enough,\nbut only in big business, government departments and large organizations.\nThese were the so-called mainframe machines.\nMainframe computers were very large indeed often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms,\nemploying full-time technicians and run on specially-written software.\nThough these large machines still exist,\nmany of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.\nIn 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA.\nIt can properly be described as the first 'home computer' and it pointed the way to the future.\nThis was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple.\nIn the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer.\nThis ran on an 'operating system' called DOS,\nproduced by a then small company named Microsoft.\nThe IBM Personal Computer was widely copied.\nFrom those humble beginnings,\nwe have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.\nConsidering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman,\nLeon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today.\nBagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to 'think' for themselves and would 'rule the world', which people liked to believe in those days.\nBagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand,\nwhen they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alterative routes,\nwhen they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses,\nwhen they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work.\nAll these computer uses have become commonplace.\nOf course, Leon Bagrit couldn't possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet,\nthe worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks.\nNor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject,\nso we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to.\nComputers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper.\nThis is what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable.\nIf he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years.",
-    "textTranslate": "预测未来向来是一件极其困难的事情。\n谁能想到呢？比如说，在20世纪70年代中期……\n到20世纪末，计算机会在人们的家中变得像电视机一样普遍呢？\n在20世纪70年代，计算机已经相当普及了。\n但这仅限于大企业、政府部门以及大型组织。\n这些就是所谓的“大型机”（mainframe machines）。\n大型机确实体积庞大，常常占据整个装有空调的房间。\n这些机器配有全职技术人员，并运行专门编写的软件。\n尽管这些大型机器仍然存在，\n它们的许多功能已经被功能强大、体积小巧的个人电脑（通常称为“PC”）所取代了。\n1975年，一种名为 Altair 的早期计算机在美国问世。\n它完全可以被称作第一台“家用电脑”，并且为未来的发展方向指明了方向。\n随后，在20世纪70年代末，出现了一种名为“Apple”的机器。\n20世纪80年代初，计算机巨头IBM推出了世界上第一台个人电脑（Personal Computer）。\n它运行在一个名为DOS的“操作系统”上。\n这款产品是由当时还是一家小型公司的微软（Microsoft）开发的。\nIBM个人电脑被广泛地模仿和复制。\n从这些 humble beginnings 开始，\n我们已经见证了如今广泛使用的、用户友好的家用电脑和多媒体设备的不断发展。\n考虑到这些发展都发生得如此之近，更令人惊讶的是：早在20世纪60年代，就有一位英国人……\n莱昂·巴格里特（Leon Bagrit）成功预测了计算机的一些我们今天所知的用途。\n巴格里特驳斥了这样一种观点：计算机能够学会“自主思考”并“统治世界”。在那个时候，许多人确实相信这种可能性。\n巴格里特预见了一个时代：那时计算机会变得足够小巧，可以放在手中使用。\n当它们能够提供交通拥堵信息并建议替代路线时……\n当它们被用于医院帮助医生诊断疾病时……\n当它们能够减轻办公室职员和会计的枯燥、重复性文书工作时……\n所有这些计算机的使用方式都已经变得非常普遍了。\n当然，莱昂·巴格里特根本不可能预见到互联网的发展。\n互联网是一个全球系统，它让我们能够通过连接电话网络的计算机，与世界任何地方的任何人即时交流。\n他也无法预见到我们如何能够利用互联网来获取关于所有已知主题的信息。\n这样我们就可以在家里的屏幕上阅读这些信息，如果需要的话，还可以打印出来。\n计算机变得越来越小，性能越来越强大，价格也越来越便宜。\n这正是让莱昂·巴格里特的预测显得格外引人注目的原因。\n如果他或像他这样的人今天还活着，或许能告诉我们未来五十年会发生什么。",
+    "text": "Predicting the future is notoriously difficult. \nWho could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example, \nthat by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in people's homes as TV sets? \nIn the 1970s, computers were common enough, \nbut only in big business, government departments and large organizations. \nThese were the so-called mainframe machines. \nMainframe computers were very large indeed often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, \nemploying full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. \nThough these large machines still exist, \nmany of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.\n\nIn 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. \nIt can properly be described as the first 'home computer' and it pointed the way to the future. \nThis was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. \nIn the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer. \nThis ran on an 'operating system' called DOS, \nproduced by a then small company named Microsoft. \nThe IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. \nFrom those humble beginnings, \nwe have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.\n\nConsidering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, \nLeon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today. \nBagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to 'think' for themselves and would 'rule the world', which people liked to believe in those days. \nBagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, \nwhen they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alterative routes, \nwhen they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, \nwhen they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work. \nAll these computer uses have become commonplace. \nOf course, Leon Bagrit couldn't possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, \nthe worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. \nNor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, \nso we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to. \nComputers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. \nThis is what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable. \nIf he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years.",
+    "textTranslate": "预测未来向来是一件极其困难的事情。 \n谁能想到呢？比如说，在20世纪70年代中期…… \n到20世纪末，计算机会在人们的家中变得像电视机一样普遍呢？ \n在20世纪70年代，计算机已经相当普及了。 \n但这仅限于大企业、政府部门以及大型组织。 \n这些就是所谓的“大型机”（mainframe machines）。 \n大型机确实体积庞大，常常占据整个装有空调的房间。 \n这些机器配有全职技术人员，并运行专门编写的软件。 \n尽管这些大型机器仍然存在， \n它们的许多功能已经被功能强大、体积小巧的个人电脑（通常称为“PC”）所取代了。 \n\n1975年，一种名为 Altair 的早期计算机在美国问世。 \n它完全可以被称作第一台“家用电脑”，并且为未来的发展方向指明了方向。 \n随后，在20世纪70年代末，出现了一种名为“Apple”的机器。 \n20世纪80年代初，计算机巨头IBM推出了世界上第一台个人电脑（Personal Computer）。 \n它运行在一个名为DOS的“操作系统”上。 \n这款产品是由当时还是一家小型公司的微软（Microsoft）开发的。 \nIBM个人电脑被广泛地模仿和复制。 \n从这些 humble beginnings 开始， \n我们已经见证了如今广泛使用的、用户友好的家用电脑和多媒体设备的不断发展。 \n\n考虑到这些发展都发生得如此之近，更令人惊讶的是：早在20世纪60年代，就有一位英国人…… \n莱昂·巴格里特（Leon Bagrit）成功预测了计算机的一些我们今天所知的用途。 \n巴格里特驳斥了这样一种观点：计算机能够学会“自主思考”并“统治世界”。在那个时候，许多人确实相信这种可能性。 \n巴格里特预见了一个时代：那时计算机会变得足够小巧，可以放在手中使用。 \n当它们能够提供交通拥堵信息并建议替代路线时…… \n当它们被用于医院帮助医生诊断疾病时…… \n当它们能够减轻办公室职员和会计的枯燥、重复性文书工作时…… \n所有这些计算机的使用方式都已经变得非常普遍了。 \n当然，莱昂·巴格里特根本不可能预见到互联网的发展。 \n互联网是一个全球系统，它让我们能够通过连接电话网络的计算机，与世界任何地方的任何人即时交流。 \n他也无法预见到我们如何能够利用互联网来获取关于所有已知主题的信息。 \n这样我们就可以在家里的屏幕上阅读这些信息，如果需要的话，还可以打印出来。 \n计算机变得越来越小，性能越来越强大，价格也越来越便宜。 \n这正是让莱昂·巴格里特的预测显得格外引人注目的原因。 \n如果他或像他这样的人今天还活着，或许能告诉我们未来五十年会发生什么。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.26,
       "text": "What was the 'future' electronic development that Leon Bagrit wasn't able to foresee?",
@@ -944,13 +1014,15 @@
     "id": "ePDIOW",
     "title": "Mud is mud",
     "titleTranslate": "实事求是",
-    "text": "My cousin, Harry, keeps a large curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study.\nDespite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green,\nan observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, greyish substance.\nIf you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle, he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud.\nIf you expressed doubt or surprise, he would immediately invite you to smell it and then to rub some into your skin.\nThe brief experiment would dispel any further doubts she might have.\nThe bottle really does contain perfumed mud.\nHow Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating.\nFurthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.\nHarry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that do not exist.\nHe would invent fanciful names on the spot.\nOn entering a shop,\nhe would ask for a new perfume called 'Scented Shadow' or for 'insoluble bath cubes'.\nIf a shop assistant told him she had not heard of it, he would pretend to be considerably put out.\nHe loved to be told that one of his imaginary products was temporarily out of stock\nand he would faithfully promise to call again at some future date, but of course he never did.\nHow Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.\nHarry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud.\nOne day, he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for 'Myrolite'.\nThe shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, slowly stressing each syllable.\nWhen the woman shook her head in bewilderment,\nHarry went on to explain that 'myrolite' was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles.\nThis explanation evidently conveyed something to the woman who searched shelf after shelf.\nShe produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harry's requirements.\nWhen Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed, the assistant promised to order some for him.\nIntoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud.\nHe expected the assistant to look at him in blank astonishment.\nHowever, it was his turn to be surprised, for the woman's eyes immediately lit up\nand she fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.\nFor once, Harry had to admit defeat.\nHe picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price.\nHe was glad to get away with a mere twenty pounds and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the precious bottle under his arm.\nFrom then on, Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prove to be expensive.\nThe curious bottle which now adorns the bookcase in his study was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics.",
-    "textTranslate": "我的表弟哈里在他的书房里永久性地展示着一个形状非常奇特的瓶子。\n尽管这个瓶子的颜色是一种淡雅的绿色，\n一个细心的访客很快就会注意到，这个空间里充满了某种看起来像浓稠的、灰褐色的物质。\n如果你问哈利瓶子里装的是什么，他会告诉你里面装的是香味的泥浆。\n如果你表现出怀疑或惊讶，他就会立刻邀请你闻一闻这种物质，然后让你把它涂抹在皮肤上。\n这个简短的实验将会消除她可能存在的任何疑虑。\n这个瓶子里确实装着带有香味的泥浆。\n哈利是如何得到这些奇怪物品的，这本身就是一个有趣的故事，而他也很喜欢讲这个故事。\n此外，买到这个瓶子后，他改掉了自己多年来一直养成的一个坏习惯。\n哈里过去常常觉得：去那些高档的化妆品店，然后提出一些根本不存在的商品、并要求购买这些商品，这简直是个天大的笑话。\n他总能即兴想出一些奇特、富有想象力的名字。\n当走进一家商店时，\n他会要求购买一款名为“Scented Shadow”的新香水，或者“insoluble bath cubes”（即不可溶解的浴盐块）。\n如果店员告诉他她从未听说过那个产品，他就会假装非常失望（或很不高兴）。\n他很喜欢听到这样的消息：他想象中的某个产品暂时缺货了。\n他会诚实地承诺会在未来的某个时候再次打电话，但当然，他从未兑现过这个承诺。\n我实在无法理解：哈利在那些表演过程中是如何始终保持面无表情的……\n哈利根本不需要别人提醒，他就能解释自己是如何买到那瓶珍贵的“泥”的。\n有一天，他去了伦敦的一家高档商店，询问是否有“Myrolite”这种商品。\n店员看起来很困惑，于是哈利又重复了这个词，慢慢地、一个音节一个音节地念了出来。\n当那位女士困惑地摇头时……\n哈里接着解释说，“myrolite”是一种质地坚硬、呈琥珀色的物质，可以用来去除雀斑。\n这个解释显然让那位在货架间翻找东西的女士明白了些什么。\n她制作了各种各样的奇怪混合物，但没有一种能满足哈里的要求。\n当哈里装出一副有点恼火的样子时，助手答应会帮他订购一些东西。\n被自己的成功冲昏了头脑，哈里随后要求得到那种带有香味的泥浆。\n他期待着助手会惊讶地、一脸茫然地看着他。\n然而，轮到他感到惊讶了——因为那个女人的眼睛立刻亮了起来。\n然后她拿来了几瓶酒，把它们放在柜台上让哈里查看。\n这一次，哈利不得不承认自己失败了。\n他拿起了那个看起来是最小的瓶子，然后悄悄地询问了价格。\n他很高兴只被罚了二十英镑，于是急忙逃走了，同时紧紧地把那个珍贵的瓶子夹在腋下。\n从那以后，哈利意识到自己发明的这个“小游戏”可能会带来严重的后果（或者：这个小游戏可能会让他付出沉重的代价）。\n那个现在摆放在他书房书架上的奇特瓶子，是他第一次也是最后一次购买的稀有化妆品。",
+    "text": "My cousin, Harry, keeps a large curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study. \nDespite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, \nan observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, greyish substance. \nIf you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle, he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud. \nIf you expressed doubt or surprise, he would immediately invite you to smell it and then to rub some into your skin. \nThe brief experiment would dispel any further doubts she might have. \nThe bottle really does contain perfumed mud. \nHow Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating. \nFurthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.\n\nHarry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that do not exist. \nHe would invent fanciful names on the spot. \nOn entering a shop, \nhe would ask for a new perfume called 'Scented Shadow' or for 'insoluble bath cubes'. \nIf a shop assistant told him she had not heard of it, he would pretend to be considerably put out. \nHe loved to be told that one of his imaginary products was temporarily out of stock \nand he would faithfully promise to call again at some future date, but of course he never did. \nHow Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.\n\nHarry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud. \nOne day, he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for 'Myrolite'. \nThe shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, slowly stressing each syllable. \nWhen the woman shook her head in bewilderment, \nHarry went on to explain that 'myrolite' was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles. \nThis explanation evidently conveyed something to the woman who searched shelf after shelf. \nShe produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harry's requirements. \nWhen Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed, the assistant promised to order some for him. \nIntoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud. \nHe expected the assistant to look at him in blank astonishment. \nHowever, it was his turn to be surprised, for the woman's eyes immediately lit up \nand she fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect. \nFor once, Harry had to admit defeat. \nHe picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price. \nHe was glad to get away with a mere twenty pounds and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the precious bottle under his arm. \nFrom then on, Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prove to be expensive. \nThe curious bottle which now adorns the bookcase in his study was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics.",
+    "textTranslate": "我的表弟哈里在他的书房里永久性地展示着一个形状非常奇特的瓶子。 \n尽管这个瓶子的颜色是一种淡雅的绿色， \n一个细心的访客很快就会注意到，这个空间里充满了某种看起来像浓稠的、灰褐色的物质。 \n如果你问哈利瓶子里装的是什么，他会告诉你里面装的是香味的泥浆。 \n如果你表现出怀疑或惊讶，他就会立刻邀请你闻一闻这种物质，然后让你把它涂抹在皮肤上。 \n这个简短的实验将会消除她可能存在的任何疑虑。 \n这个瓶子里确实装着带有香味的泥浆。 \n哈利是如何得到这些奇怪物品的，这本身就是一个有趣的故事，而他也很喜欢讲这个故事。 \n此外，买到这个瓶子后，他改掉了自己多年来一直养成的一个坏习惯。 \n\n哈里过去常常觉得：去那些高档的化妆品店，然后提出一些根本不存在的商品、并要求购买这些商品，这简直是个天大的笑话。 \n他总能即兴想出一些奇特、富有想象力的名字。 \n当走进一家商店时， \n他会要求购买一款名为“Scented Shadow”的新香水，或者“insoluble bath cubes”（即不可溶解的浴盐块）。 \n如果店员告诉他她从未听说过那个产品，他就会假装非常失望（或很不高兴）。 \n他很喜欢听到这样的消息：他想象中的某个产品暂时缺货了。 \n他会诚实地承诺会在未来的某个时候再次打电话，但当然，他从未兑现过这个承诺。 \n我实在无法理解：哈利在那些表演过程中是如何始终保持面无表情的…… \n\n哈利根本不需要别人提醒，他就能解释自己是如何买到那瓶珍贵的“泥”的。 \n有一天，他去了伦敦的一家高档商店，询问是否有“Myrolite”这种商品。 \n店员看起来很困惑，于是哈利又重复了这个词，慢慢地、一个音节一个音节地念了出来。 \n当那位女士困惑地摇头时…… \n哈里接着解释说，“myrolite”是一种质地坚硬、呈琥珀色的物质，可以用来去除雀斑。 \n这个解释显然让那位在货架间翻找东西的女士明白了些什么。 \n她制作了各种各样的奇怪混合物，但没有一种能满足哈里的要求。 \n当哈里装出一副有点恼火的样子时，助手答应会帮他订购一些东西。 \n被自己的成功冲昏了头脑，哈里随后要求得到那种带有香味的泥浆。 \n他期待着助手会惊讶地、一脸茫然地看着他。 \n然而，轮到他感到惊讶了——因为那个女人的眼睛立刻亮了起来。 \n然后她拿来了几瓶酒，把它们放在柜台上让哈里查看。 \n这一次，哈利不得不承认自己失败了。 \n他拿起了那个看起来是最小的瓶子，然后悄悄地询问了价格。 \n他很高兴只被罚了二十英镑，于是急忙逃走了，同时紧紧地把那个珍贵的瓶子夹在腋下。 \n从那以后，哈利意识到自己发明的这个“小游戏”可能会带来严重的后果（或者：这个小游戏可能会让他付出沉重的代价）。 \n那个现在摆放在他书房书架上的奇特瓶子，是他第一次也是最后一次购买的稀有化妆品。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/52－Mud is Mud.mp3",
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     "questions": [],
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.04,
       "text": "Why did Harry decide to give up his little game?",
@@ -962,13 +1034,15 @@
     "id": "KqL3gA",
     "title": "In the public interest",
     "titleTranslate": "为了公众的利益",
-    "text": "The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.\nSweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers.\nThe system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.\nThe Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants,\npolice officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.\nAs long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.\nA parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.\nThe official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.\nThe Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.\nHe investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.\nAs complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1, 200 letters a year.\nHe has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail.\nThere is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection.\nIf a citizen's complaint is justified the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.\nThe action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.\nHe may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.\nThe following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.\nA foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police,\nsimply because he was a foreigner.\nThe Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case.\nThere was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified\nand the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.\nIt was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action,\nbut when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village,\nhe immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter.\nThe lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.\nThe fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.\nIt was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.\nThe policeman in question was severely reprimanded\nand was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.\nThe Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.",
-    "textTranslate": "斯堪的纳维亚国家因其开明的社会政策而受到全世界的广泛赞誉。\n瑞典已经建立了一套非常完善的制度，旨在保护公民免受专横或无能的公职人员的侵害。\n该系统运行得非常出色，因此也被其他国家采纳使用了。\n瑞典人是最早意识到像公务员这样的公职人员可能会犯错或行为过激的人。\n警察、卫生检查员或税务官员都可能犯错，或者因为自认为是在为公众服务而表现得过于热心（即行为过于激进）。\n早在1809年，瑞典议会就出台了一项旨在保护个人权益的方案。\n一个代表所有政党的议会委员会，会任命一位具备适当资格的人来调查公民对政府提出的个人投诉。\n这个人的正式头衔是“司法监察专员”（Justice Ombudsman），但瑞典人通常称他为“J.O.”或“Ombudsman”。\n监察专员不受政治压力的影响。\n他负责调查来自社会各个阶层的各种投诉，无论这些投诉的规模大小如何。\n由于投诉必须以书面形式提出，因此监察专员每年平均会收到 1,200 封来信。\n他有八名律师助理协助他工作，他会仔细审查每一封信的内容。\n监察专员的工作没有任何保密性；他的所有通信记录都可供公众查阅。\n如果公民的投诉是合理的，监察专员将会代表该公民采取行动。\n他采取的行动会根据投诉的性质而有所不同。\n他可能会温和地告诫某位官员，甚至向议会提出修改法律的建议。\n以下案例是监察专员工作的典型例子。\n一位居住在瑞典村庄的外国人写信给监察专员，投诉称自己受到了警方的虐待。\n仅仅因为他是外国人。\n监察专员立即致函该地区的警察局长，要求他提供该案件的详细记录。\n记录中没有任何内容表明那位外国人的投诉是合理的\n警方局长强烈否认了这一指控。\n监察专员根本无法采取任何行动。\n但是当他收到同一村庄里另一位外国人类似的投诉时……\n他立即派了自己的律师去调查这件事。\n律师证实，确实有警察在多次场合中对外国人采取了粗暴的态度。\n这名警察对外国人存在偏见这一事实，无法被记录在官方文件中。\n只有通过派遣他的代表去核实事实，监察专员才得以发现这一情况。\n这名涉事的警察受到了严厉的训斥。\n并且被告知，如果再有人对他提出投诉，他将会被起诉。\n监察专员的迅速行动立即制止了这一可能被忽视的不良行为。",
+    "text": "The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. \nSweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. \nThe system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.\n\nThe Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, \npolice officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. \nAs long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. \nA parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. \nThe official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. \nThe Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. \nHe investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. \nAs complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1, 200 letters a year. \nHe has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. \nThere is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. \nIf a citizen's complaint is justified the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. \nThe action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. \nHe may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. \nThe following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.\n\nA foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, \nsimply because he was a foreigner. \nThe Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. \nThere was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified \nand the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. \nIt was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, \nbut when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, \nhe immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. \nThe lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. \nThe fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. \nIt was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. \nThe policeman in question was severely reprimanded \nand was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. \nThe Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.",
+    "textTranslate": "斯堪的纳维亚国家因其开明的社会政策而受到全世界的广泛赞誉。 \n瑞典已经建立了一套非常完善的制度，旨在保护公民免受专横或无能的公职人员的侵害。 \n该系统运行得非常出色，因此也被其他国家采纳使用了。 \n\n瑞典人是最早意识到像公务员这样的公职人员可能会犯错或行为过激的人。 \n警察、卫生检查员或税务官员都可能犯错，或者因为自认为是在为公众服务而表现得过于热心（即行为过于激进）。 \n早在1809年，瑞典议会就出台了一项旨在保护个人权益的方案。 \n一个代表所有政党的议会委员会，会任命一位具备适当资格的人来调查公民对政府提出的个人投诉。 \n这个人的正式头衔是“司法监察专员”（Justice Ombudsman），但瑞典人通常称他为“J.O.”或“Ombudsman”。 \n监察专员不受政治压力的影响。 \n他负责调查来自社会各个阶层的各种投诉，无论这些投诉的规模大小如何。 \n由于投诉必须以书面形式提出，因此监察专员每年平均会收到 1,200 封来信。 \n他有八名律师助理协助他工作，他会仔细审查每一封信的内容。 \n监察专员的工作没有任何保密性；他的所有通信记录都可供公众查阅。 \n如果公民的投诉是合理的，监察专员将会代表该公民采取行动。 \n他采取的行动会根据投诉的性质而有所不同。 \n他可能会温和地告诫某位官员，甚至向议会提出修改法律的建议。 \n以下案例是监察专员工作的典型例子。 \n\n一位居住在瑞典村庄的外国人写信给监察专员，投诉称自己受到了警方的虐待。 \n仅仅因为他是外国人。 \n监察专员立即致函该地区的警察局长，要求他提供该案件的详细记录。 \n记录中没有任何内容表明那位外国人的投诉是合理的 \n警方局长强烈否认了这一指控。 \n监察专员根本无法采取任何行动。 \n但是当他收到同一村庄里另一位外国人类似的投诉时…… \n他立即派了自己的律师去调查这件事。 \n律师证实，确实有警察在多次场合中对外国人采取了粗暴的态度。 \n这名警察对外国人存在偏见这一事实，无法被记录在官方文件中。 \n只有通过派遣他的代表去核实事实，监察专员才得以发现这一情况。 \n这名涉事的警察受到了严厉的训斥。 \n并且被告知，如果再有人对他提出投诉，他将会被起诉。 \n监察专员的迅速行动立即制止了这一可能被忽视的不良行为。",
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       "start": 9.65,
       "text": "What could not be reported in the official files?",
@@ -980,13 +1054,15 @@
     "id": "0N5dp6",
     "title": "Instinct or cleverness?",
     "titleTranslate": "是本能还是机智",
-    "text": "We have been brought up to fear insects.\nWe regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.\nWe continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.\nThey sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows.\nWe live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.\nReading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.\nKnowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society\ndoes nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.\nNo matter how much we like honey,\nor how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.\nMost of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.\nAt the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.\nWe enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.\nWe enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence.\nWho has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly,\nor a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?\nLast summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree.\nThe tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house.\nI am especially proud of it,\nnot only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.\nDuring the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither.\nClusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves.\nThey were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.\nI immediately embarked on an experiment which even though it failed to get rid of the ants kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.\nI bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides.\nThe tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it.\nFor a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.\nI even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise)\nthat the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.\nI got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.\nInstead, I saw that they had discovered a new route.\nThey were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree.\nI realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.\nThe ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!",
-    "textTranslate": "我们从小就被教导要害怕昆虫。\n我们认为它们是毫无必要的生物，带来的危害远大于好处。\n我们一直在与它们作斗争——因为它们会污染我们的食物、传播疾病，或者啃食我们的庄稼。\n它们会无缘无故地蜇人或咬人；在夏夜，它们会不请自来地飞进我们的房间，或者撞击我们亮着的窗户。\n我们不仅害怕像蜘蛛或黄蜂这样的令人不快的昆虫，也害怕像蛾子这样其实完全无害的昆虫。\n阅读关于他们的信息确实能增加我们的理解，但并不会消除我们的恐惧。\n我们知道，勤劳的蚂蚁生活在一种高度有序的社会中。\n这丝毫无法阻止我们看到成群这样的生物爬在我们精心准备的野餐食物上时感到极度厌恶。\n无论我们多么喜欢蜂蜜，\n无论我们读过多少关于蜜蜂惊人方向感的描述，我们仍然对被蜜蜂蜇伤感到恐惧。\n我们的大多数恐惧都是毫无道理的，但它们却无法被彻底消除。\n然而，昆虫同时又有一种奇妙的魅力，让人着迷。\n我们喜欢阅读关于它们的内容，尤其是当发现它们（就像螳螂一样）过着极其恐怖的生活时。\n我们喜欢凝视着他们，看着他们忙着自己的事情；希望他们没有察觉到我们的存在。\n谁没有在看到蜘蛛突然扑向一只苍蝇的瞬间感到惊叹呢？\n或者是一队蚂蚁，胜利地抬着一只巨大的死甲虫回家？\n去年夏天，我在花园里待了好几天，观察成千上万的蚂蚁爬上我那棵珍贵的桃树的树干。\n这棵树生长在房子背风的一侧，紧靠着一面温暖的墙壁。\n我对此感到特别自豪。\n不仅因为它经受住了几个严冬的考验，还因为它偶尔会结出美味的桃子。\n夏天时，我注意到树上的叶子开始枯萎了。\n在叶子的背面，可以发现一群被称为蚜虫的微小昆虫。\n有一大群蚂蚁造访了它们，并从它们身上获取了一种类似蜂蜜的物质。\n我立刻开始了一项实验。尽管这项实验未能彻底消灭那些蚂蚁，但它让我着迷了整整24个小时。\n我用粘性胶带把树干的底部缠了起来，这样蚂蚁就无法接触到蚜虫了。\n胶带非常粘，它们不敢爬过去。\n很长时间里，我看着它们困惑地在树根周围慌乱地爬来爬去。\n我甚至在午夜时分拿着手电筒出门，满意地（又惊讶地）看到\n那些蚂蚁仍然在粘性胶带周围团团转，却对此束手无策。\n第二天早上我早早起床，希望看到蚂蚁们已经绝望地放弃了。\n相反，我发现他们发现了一条新的路线。\n它们沿着房子的墙壁爬上去，然后又爬到了树上的叶子上。\n遗憾的是，我发现自己完全被他们的聪明才智给打败了。\n蚂蚁们很快就找到了对付我那些完全不科学的方法的办法！",
+    "text": "We have been brought up to fear insects. \nWe regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. \nWe continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. \nThey sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. \nWe live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. \nReading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. \nKnowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society \ndoes nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. \nNo matter how much we like honey, \nor how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. \nMost of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. \nAt the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. \nWe enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. \nWe enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. \nWho has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, \nor a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?\n\nLast summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. \nThe tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. \nI am especially proud of it, \nnot only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. \nDuring the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. \nClusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. \nThey were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. \nI immediately embarked on an experiment which even though it failed to get rid of the ants kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. \nI bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. \nThe tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. \nFor a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. \nI even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) \nthat the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. \nI got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. \nInstead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. \nThey were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. \nI realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. \nThe ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!",
+    "textTranslate": "我们从小就被教导要害怕昆虫。 \n我们认为它们是毫无必要的生物，带来的危害远大于好处。 \n我们一直在与它们作斗争——因为它们会污染我们的食物、传播疾病，或者啃食我们的庄稼。 \n它们会无缘无故地蜇人或咬人；在夏夜，它们会不请自来地飞进我们的房间，或者撞击我们亮着的窗户。 \n我们不仅害怕像蜘蛛或黄蜂这样的令人不快的昆虫，也害怕像蛾子这样其实完全无害的昆虫。 \n阅读关于他们的信息确实能增加我们的理解，但并不会消除我们的恐惧。 \n我们知道，勤劳的蚂蚁生活在一种高度有序的社会中。 \n这丝毫无法阻止我们看到成群这样的生物爬在我们精心准备的野餐食物上时感到极度厌恶。 \n无论我们多么喜欢蜂蜜， \n无论我们读过多少关于蜜蜂惊人方向感的描述，我们仍然对被蜜蜂蜇伤感到恐惧。 \n我们的大多数恐惧都是毫无道理的，但它们却无法被彻底消除。 \n然而，昆虫同时又有一种奇妙的魅力，让人着迷。 \n我们喜欢阅读关于它们的内容，尤其是当发现它们（就像螳螂一样）过着极其恐怖的生活时。 \n我们喜欢凝视着他们，看着他们忙着自己的事情；希望他们没有察觉到我们的存在。 \n谁没有在看到蜘蛛突然扑向一只苍蝇的瞬间感到惊叹呢？ \n或者是一队蚂蚁，胜利地抬着一只巨大的死甲虫回家？ \n\n去年夏天，我在花园里待了好几天，观察成千上万的蚂蚁爬上我那棵珍贵的桃树的树干。 \n这棵树生长在房子背风的一侧，紧靠着一面温暖的墙壁。 \n我对此感到特别自豪。 \n不仅因为它经受住了几个严冬的考验，还因为它偶尔会结出美味的桃子。 \n夏天时，我注意到树上的叶子开始枯萎了。 \n在叶子的背面，可以发现一群被称为蚜虫的微小昆虫。 \n有一大群蚂蚁造访了它们，并从它们身上获取了一种类似蜂蜜的物质。 \n我立刻开始了一项实验。尽管这项实验未能彻底消灭那些蚂蚁，但它让我着迷了整整24个小时。 \n我用粘性胶带把树干的底部缠了起来，这样蚂蚁就无法接触到蚜虫了。 \n胶带非常粘，它们不敢爬过去。 \n很长时间里，我看着它们困惑地在树根周围慌乱地爬来爬去。 \n我甚至在午夜时分拿着手电筒出门，满意地（又惊讶地）看到 \n那些蚂蚁仍然在粘性胶带周围团团转，却对此束手无策。 \n第二天早上我早早起床，希望看到蚂蚁们已经绝望地放弃了。 \n相反，我发现他们发现了一条新的路线。 \n它们沿着房子的墙壁爬上去，然后又爬到了树上的叶子上。 \n遗憾的是，我发现自己完全被他们的聪明才智给打败了。 \n蚂蚁们很快就找到了对付我那些完全不科学的方法的办法！",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.16,
       "text": "Was the writer successful in protecting his peach tree? Why not?",
@@ -998,13 +1074,15 @@
     "id": "bG2BFk",
     "title": "From the earth: Greetings",
     "titleTranslate": "来自地球的问候",
-    "text": "Recent developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our own Milky Way and in other galaxies.\nThis is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very small and do not emit light.\nFinding planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove infinitely more difficult.\nThe first question to answer is whether a planet can actually support life.\nIn our own solar system, for example, Venus is far to hot and Mars is far too cold to support life.\nOnly the Earth provides ideal conditions, and even here it has taken more than four billion years for plant and animal life to evolve.\nWhether a planet can support life depends on the size and brightness of its star, that is its 'sun'.\nImagine a star up to twenty times larger, brighter and hotter than our own sun.\nA planet would have to be a very long way from it to be capable of supporting life.\nAlternatively, if the star were small,\nthe life-supporting planet would have to have a close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to develop.\nBut how would we find such a planet?\nAt present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life.\nThe development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical projects of the 21st century.\nIt is impossible to look for life on another planet using earth-based telescopes.\nOur own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope\nwould make it impossible to detect objects as small as planets.\nEven a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful Hubble telescope,\nwould not be suitable because of the dust particles in our solar system.\nA telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to look for life in outer space,\nbecause the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system.\nOnce we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the light from its star,\nso that we would be able to 'see' the planet properly and analyse its atmosphere.\nIn the first instance, we would be looking for plant life, rather than 'little green men'.\nThe life forms most likely to develop on a planet would be bacteria.\nIt is bacteria that have generated the oxygen we breathe on earth.\nFor most of the earth's history they have been the only form of life on our planet.\nAs Earth-dwellers, we always cherish the hope that we will be visited by little green men and that we will be able to communicate with them.\nBut this hope is always in the realms of science fiction.\nIf we were able to discover lowly forms of life like bacteria on another planet, it would completely change our view of ourselves.\nAs Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, 'Finding life elsewhere would change everything.\nNo human endeavour or thought would be unchanged by it.'",
-    "textTranslate": "天文学的最新发展使得我们能够探测到我们自己的银河系以及其他星系中的行星。\n这是一个重大成就，因为从相对的角度看，行星体积很小，而且自身并不发光。\n找到行星已经够难了，但在其上寻找生命将更加困难。\n首先要回答的问题是：行星是否真的能够支持生命。\n例如在我们的太阳系中，金星太热，火星又太冷，都无法维持生命。\n只有地球提供了理想的条件，但即便如此，植物和动物生命的进化也花费了四十多亿年。\n行星能否支持生命取决于其恒星（也就是它的“太阳”）的大小和亮度。\n设想一颗比我们的太阳大、亮、热都高出二十倍的恒星。\n行星必须离它非常遥远，才有可能维持生命。\n或者，如果那颗恒星很小，\n这颗能够维持生命的行星必须拥有一个靠近该恒星的轨道，并且必须提供适合生命形式发展的完美条件。\n但是，我们该如何找到这样一颗行星呢？\n目前，还没有任何现有的望远镜能够探测到生命的存在。\n开发这样的望远镜将是21世纪最重要的天文项目之一。\n使用地球上的望远镜，是不可能在其他行星上寻找生命的。\n我们自身的温暖环境，以及望远镜所产生的热量……\n这将使得检测像行星这样微小的物体变得不可能。\n即使是像哈勃望远镜这样非常成功的、位于地球轨道上的望远镜，\n由于太阳系中存在大量的尘埃颗粒，这种方法并不适用。\n望远镜必须远到像木星那样远的地方，才能在外太空寻找生命，\n因为我们越往太阳系外围走，尘埃就越稀薄。\n一旦我们发现了一颗行星，我们就必须想办法遮挡掉来自该行星恒星的光线。\n这样我们就能清楚地“看到”这颗行星，并分析其大气层了。\n首先，我们寻找的是植物生命，而不是所谓的“小绿人”。\n最有可能在行星上生存的生命形式是细菌。\n正是细菌产生了我们地球上所呼吸的氧气。\n在地球历史的大部分时间里，它们都是地球上唯一的生命形式。\n作为地球人，我们始终怀揣着这样的希望：有一天，外星的小绿人会来到我们身边，我们能够与他们进行交流。\n然而，这种希望始终只存在于科幻作品的范畴之中。\n如果我们能够在另一颗行星上发现像细菌这样的简单生命形式，那将彻底改变我们对自己的认知。\n正如NASA的丹尼尔·戈尔丁所说：“在其它地方发现生命将会改变一切。”\n没有任何人类的努力或思想会因此而保持不变。",
+    "text": "Recent developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our own Milky Way and in other galaxies. \nThis is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very small and do not emit light. \nFinding planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove infinitely more difficult. \nThe first question to answer is whether a planet can actually support life. \nIn our own solar system, for example, Venus is far to hot and Mars is far too cold to support life. \nOnly the Earth provides ideal conditions, and even here it has taken more than four billion years for plant and animal life to evolve.\n\nWhether a planet can support life depends on the size and brightness of its star, that is its 'sun'. \nImagine a star up to twenty times larger, brighter and hotter than our own sun. \nA planet would have to be a very long way from it to be capable of supporting life. \nAlternatively, if the star were small, \nthe life-supporting planet would have to have a close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to develop. \nBut how would we find such a planet? \nAt present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life. \nThe development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical projects of the 21st century.\n\nIt is impossible to look for life on another planet using earth-based telescopes. \nOur own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope \nwould make it impossible to detect objects as small as planets. \nEven a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful Hubble telescope, \nwould not be suitable because of the dust particles in our solar system. \nA telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to look for life in outer space, \nbecause the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system. \nOnce we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the light from its star, \nso that we would be able to 'see' the planet properly and analyse its atmosphere. \nIn the first instance, we would be looking for plant life, rather than 'little green men'. \nThe life forms most likely to develop on a planet would be bacteria. \nIt is bacteria that have generated the oxygen we breathe on earth. \nFor most of the earth's history they have been the only form of life on our planet. \nAs Earth-dwellers, we always cherish the hope that we will be visited by little green men and that we will be able to communicate with them. \nBut this hope is always in the realms of science fiction. \nIf we were able to discover lowly forms of life like bacteria on another planet, it would completely change our view of ourselves. \nAs Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, 'Finding life elsewhere would change everything. \nNo human endeavour or thought would be unchanged by it.'",
+    "textTranslate": "天文学的最新发展使得我们能够探测到我们自己的银河系以及其他星系中的行星。 \n这是一个重大成就，因为从相对的角度看，行星体积很小，而且自身并不发光。 \n找到行星已经够难了，但在其上寻找生命将更加困难。 \n首先要回答的问题是：行星是否真的能够支持生命。 \n例如在我们的太阳系中，金星太热，火星又太冷，都无法维持生命。 \n只有地球提供了理想的条件，但即便如此，植物和动物生命的进化也花费了四十多亿年。 \n\n行星能否支持生命取决于其恒星（也就是它的“太阳”）的大小和亮度。 \n设想一颗比我们的太阳大、亮、热都高出二十倍的恒星。 \n行星必须离它非常遥远，才有可能维持生命。 \n或者，如果那颗恒星很小， \n这颗能够维持生命的行星必须拥有一个靠近该恒星的轨道，并且必须提供适合生命形式发展的完美条件。 \n但是，我们该如何找到这样一颗行星呢？ \n目前，还没有任何现有的望远镜能够探测到生命的存在。 \n开发这样的望远镜将是21世纪最重要的天文项目之一。 \n\n使用地球上的望远镜，是不可能在其他行星上寻找生命的。 \n我们自身的温暖环境，以及望远镜所产生的热量…… \n这将使得检测像行星这样微小的物体变得不可能。 \n即使是像哈勃望远镜这样非常成功的、位于地球轨道上的望远镜， \n由于太阳系中存在大量的尘埃颗粒，这种方法并不适用。 \n望远镜必须远到像木星那样远的地方，才能在外太空寻找生命， \n因为我们越往太阳系外围走，尘埃就越稀薄。 \n一旦我们发现了一颗行星，我们就必须想办法遮挡掉来自该行星恒星的光线。 \n这样我们就能清楚地“看到”这颗行星，并分析其大气层了。 \n首先，我们寻找的是植物生命，而不是所谓的“小绿人”。 \n最有可能在行星上生存的生命形式是细菌。 \n正是细菌产生了我们地球上所呼吸的氧气。 \n在地球历史的大部分时间里，它们都是地球上唯一的生命形式。 \n作为地球人，我们始终怀揣着这样的希望：有一天，外星的小绿人会来到我们身边，我们能够与他们进行交流。 \n然而，这种希望始终只存在于科幻作品的范畴之中。 \n如果我们能够在另一颗行星上发现像细菌这样的简单生命形式，那将彻底改变我们对自己的认知。 \n正如NASA的丹尼尔·戈尔丁所说：“在其它地方发现生命将会改变一切。” \n没有任何人类的努力或思想会因此而保持不变。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.35,
       "text": "Which life forms are most likely to develop on a distant planet?",
@@ -1016,13 +1094,15 @@
     "id": "WL2IIQ",
     "title": "Our neighbour,the river",
     "titleTranslate": "河流，我们的邻居",
-    "text": "The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an important part in our lives.\nWithout it we could not make a living.\nThere is only enough spring water to supply the needs of the house so we have to pump from the river for farm use.\nWe tell the river all our secrets.\nWe know instinctively, just as beekeepers with their bees,\nthat misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it.\nWe have special river birthday parties in the summer.\nSometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater,\nsometimes we have our party at the boathouse,\nwhich a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving.\nIn a heat wave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most exciting of all.\nWe welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring,\nholding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holly wreath into the current in the winter.\nAfter a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks.\nThis is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes.\nWe are lucky in that only the lower fields,\nwhich make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding,\nbut other farms are less favourably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners.\nOne bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower meadows.\nAll the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little.\nWe were, however, worried about our nearest neighbours, whose farm was low lying and who were newcomers to the district.\nAs the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing.\nFrom an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined ours,\nand at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point.\nThe first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down.\nNext came a horse, swimming bravely,\nbut we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted.\nSuddenly a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah's ark, carrying the whole family, a few hens, the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage.\nWe realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood,\nfor their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged.\nThe men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boat hooks,\nin the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towrds our bank.\nWe still think it a miracle that they were able to do so.",
-    "textTranslate": "没有它，我们就无法谋生。\n这里的泉水仅够满足房屋的需求，因此我们必须从河里抽水来用于农场灌溉。\n我们会把所有的秘密都告诉这条河流。\n我们凭直觉明白：就像养蜂人对待他们的蜜蜂一样，如果我们生活中的重要事件没有告诉这条河流，不幸就可能降临到我们头上。\n我们凭直觉明白，就像养蜂人对待他们的蜜蜂一样，\n如果我们生活中的重要事件没有告诉这条河流，不幸就可能降临到我们头上。\n夏天，我们会为这条河流举办特别的“生日派对”。\n有时我们会去上游一个我们喜欢的小水湾，\n有时则会在船屋里举行派对。\n这是我们农场的一位前辈在草地上建造的，就在最深的池塘旁边，供游泳和跳水使用。\n在热浪期间，我们选择在午夜举办生日派对——这真的是所有庆祝方式中最令人兴奋的。\n我们在河边迎接四季的更替；春天来临时，我们会用鲜花为最年幼的女孩戴上花环。\n在仲夏夜举办夏季庆典，感谢秋天的丰收；而在冬天，则将冬青花环抛入河流中。\n经过长时间的降雨，河流可能会泛滥出河岸。\n这种情况很少见，因为我们的气候很少会走极端。\n我们很幸运的是，只有下方的田地，\n这些田地只占我们农场的很小一部分，会受到洪水影响，\n但其他农场的地理位置较为不利，洪水有时会对农场主造成严重的灾难性后果。\n有一个严冬，我们眼睁睁看着河水逐渐淹没了下游的草地。\n所有的牛都被赶进了牛棚里，所以我们几乎不会有什么损失。\n然而，我们很担心我们的近邻——他们的农场位于地势较低的地方，而且他们是刚搬到这个地区来的新居民。\n由于洪水使电话中断，我们无法知道他们的情况如何。\n从阁楼的窗户里，我们可以看到河流的全景；他们的土地与我们的土地在那里交汇。\n在最关键的时刻，我们轮流监视那个地点。\n灾难的第一个征兆是一只死羊漂浮在水面上。\n接下来是一匹马，它勇敢地游着。\n但我们担心，水流的力量会使它在精疲力竭之前无法靠岸。\n突然，一只木筏出现了，它看起来很像诺亚方舟；木筏上载着整个家庭、几只母鸡、几只狗、一只猫，以及一只关在笼子里的鸟。\n我们意识到，他们一定是被不断上涨的洪水吓坏了。\n他们的房子地基非常坚固，即使几乎被水淹没，也能依然屹立不倒。\n我们家的男人们拿着船钩，蹚过被洪水淹没的草地。\n希望能钩住木筏的一角，把它从急流中拉到我们岸边。\n我们至今仍认为他们能这样做是个奇迹。",
+    "text": "The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an important part in our lives. \nWithout it we could not make a living. \nThere is only enough spring water to supply the needs of the house so we have to pump from the river for farm use. \nWe tell the river all our secrets. \nWe know instinctively, just as beekeepers with their bees, \nthat misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it.\n\nWe have special river birthday parties in the summer. \nSometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater, \nsometimes we have our party at the boathouse, \nwhich a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving. \nIn a heat wave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most exciting of all. \nWe welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring, \nholding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holly wreath into the current in the winter.\n\nAfter a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks. \nThis is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes. \nWe are lucky in that only the lower fields, \nwhich make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding, \nbut other farms are less favourably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners.\n\nOne bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower meadows. \nAll the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little. \nWe were, however, worried about our nearest neighbours, whose farm was low lying and who were newcomers to the district. \nAs the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing. \nFrom an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined ours, \nand at the most critical juncture we took turns in watching that point. \nThe first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down. \nNext came a horse, swimming bravely, \nbut we were afraid that the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted. \nSuddenly a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah's ark, carrying the whole family, a few hens, the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage. \nWe realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, \nfor their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it had been almost submerged. \nThe men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boat hooks, \nin the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towrds our bank. \nWe still think it a miracle that they were able to do so.",
+    "textTranslate": "没有它，我们就无法谋生。 \n这里的泉水仅够满足房屋的需求，因此我们必须从河里抽水来用于农场灌溉。 \n我们会把所有的秘密都告诉这条河流。 \n我们凭直觉明白：就像养蜂人对待他们的蜜蜂一样，如果我们生活中的重要事件没有告诉这条河流，不幸就可能降临到我们头上。 \n我们凭直觉明白，就像养蜂人对待他们的蜜蜂一样， \n如果我们生活中的重要事件没有告诉这条河流，不幸就可能降临到我们头上。 \n\n夏天，我们会为这条河流举办特别的“生日派对”。 \n有时我们会去上游一个我们喜欢的小水湾， \n有时则会在船屋里举行派对。 \n这是我们农场的一位前辈在草地上建造的，就在最深的池塘旁边，供游泳和跳水使用。 \n在热浪期间，我们选择在午夜举办生日派对——这真的是所有庆祝方式中最令人兴奋的。 \n我们在河边迎接四季的更替；春天来临时，我们会用鲜花为最年幼的女孩戴上花环。 \n在仲夏夜举办夏季庆典，感谢秋天的丰收；而在冬天，则将冬青花环抛入河流中。 \n\n经过长时间的降雨，河流可能会泛滥出河岸。 \n这种情况很少见，因为我们的气候很少会走极端。 \n我们很幸运的是，只有下方的田地， \n这些田地只占我们农场的很小一部分，会受到洪水影响， \n但其他农场的地理位置较为不利，洪水有时会对农场主造成严重的灾难性后果。 \n\n有一个严冬，我们眼睁睁看着河水逐渐淹没了下游的草地。 \n所有的牛都被赶进了牛棚里，所以我们几乎不会有什么损失。 \n然而，我们很担心我们的近邻——他们的农场位于地势较低的地方，而且他们是刚搬到这个地区来的新居民。 \n由于洪水使电话中断，我们无法知道他们的情况如何。 \n从阁楼的窗户里，我们可以看到河流的全景；他们的土地与我们的土地在那里交汇。 \n在最关键的时刻，我们轮流监视那个地点。 \n灾难的第一个征兆是一只死羊漂浮在水面上。 \n接下来是一匹马，它勇敢地游着。 \n但我们担心，水流的力量会使它在精疲力竭之前无法靠岸。 \n突然，一只木筏出现了，它看起来很像诺亚方舟；木筏上载着整个家庭、几只母鸡、几只狗、一只猫，以及一只关在笼子里的鸟。 \n我们意识到，他们一定是被不断上涨的洪水吓坏了。 \n他们的房子地基非常坚固，即使几乎被水淹没，也能依然屹立不倒。 \n我们家的男人们拿着船钩，蹚过被洪水淹没的草地。 \n希望能钩住木筏的一角，把它从急流中拉到我们岸边。 \n我们至今仍认为他们能这样做是个奇迹。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.41,
       "text": "Why had the neighbours left their farm?",
@@ -1034,13 +1114,15 @@
     "id": "ZrwiBQ",
     "title": "Back in the old country",
     "titleTranslate": "重返故里",
-    "text": "I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map.\nI had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me.\nI was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago.\nWhen my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness.\nEverything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound.\nSo he decided to emigrate.\nIn the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve.\nHe did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.\nHe always meant to go back one day, but not to stay.\nHis roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land.\nBut he wanted to see the old folk againand to visit my mother's grave.\nHe became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.\nI hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps,\nwhich I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.\nIt was not that I actually remembered anything at all.\nBut my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone after leaving the nearest town,\nso that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory.\nWell, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.\nI looked at the map and then at the milometer.\nI had come ten miles since leaving the town and at this point, according to my father,\nI should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley,\nwith the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance.\nI could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire-only a lake.\nI decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.\nSo I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map.\nI landed up at the same corner.\nThe curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map.\nI felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.\nAnd, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me.\nFortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next,\nthere appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction.\nI waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village.\nHe said that there was now no village.\nI thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name.\nThis time he pointed to the lake.\nThe village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too.\nThe lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.",
-    "textTranslate": "我停下来，让车子冷却一下，同时仔细研究地图。\n我本以为自己应该已经接近目的地了，但周围的一切依然让我感到陌生。\n我五岁的时候，父亲把我带到了国外，那已经是十八年前的事了。\n母亲在一次悲剧性的事故中去世后，他久久无法从震惊和孤独中走出来。\n他身边的每一样东西都让他想起她，那些回忆不断重新揭开他的伤痛。\n于是，他决定移民。\n在新的国家里，他全身心地投入到为我们俩创造新生活的过程中，渐渐地，他的悲伤也减轻了。\n他再也没有再婚，我在没有女性照顾的环境中长大；不过我并不缺乏什么，因为父亲同时扮演着母亲的角色。\n他一直说总有一天会回去，但并不是为了定居。\n他的根基和我的根基都已经深深地扎根在这片新的土地上。\n但他想再见见那些老朋友，也想去看看我母亲的坟墓。\n就在我们计划出发的几个月前，他病入膏肓。当他知道自己时日无多时，他让我答应独自完成这次旅程。\n我落地后的第二天就租了一辆车，并买了一本内容详尽的地图册。\n这在我长途旅行的过程中确实非常有用，不过我觉得在最后一段旅程中应该并不需要它。\n其实我根本什么都不记得了。\n但我父亲一遍又一遍地描述过，在离开最近的那个小镇之后，我们在每一个重要的里程碑处应该看到什么。\n这样我就能肯定自己会认出这片熟悉的地方。\n好吧，我错了——因为我现在真的迷路了。\n我先看了看地图，然后又看了看里程表。\n自从离开小镇后，我已经走了十英里。据我父亲说，\n我本应看到山谷里的农场和小屋，\n远处，我们村庄教堂的尖顶清晰可见。\n我看不到任何山谷、农场、小屋，也没有教堂的尖塔——只有一片湖泊。\n我意识到自己肯定在某个地方走错了路（即选择了错误的方向或路径）。\n于是我开车回到了镇上，开始沿着原来的路线返回，同时不时地查看地图。\n结果我又回到了同一个路口。\n奇怪的是，这个湖泊在地图上根本没有标注。\n我感觉自己仿佛闯入了一个噩梦般的国度——就像在梦中有时会遇到的那样。\n就像在噩梦中一样，周围根本没有人能够帮助我。\n幸运的是，就在我思考接下来该做什么的时候……\n地平线上出现了一个骑马的人，他正朝我的方向走来。\n我等他走近后，便向他打听去我们老村庄的路。\n他说，那个村庄现在已经不存在了。\n我以为他一定误解了我的意思，于是我又重复了一遍那个名字。\n这次他指向了那个湖泊。\n那个村庄已经不存在了——因为它被水淹没了，整个山谷也都消失了。\n那个湖泊并不是天然的，而是一个人工建造的水库。",
+    "text": "I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. \nI had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. \nI was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago. \nWhen my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness. \nEverything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. \nSo he decided to emigrate. \nIn the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve. \nHe did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me. \nHe always meant to go back one day, but not to stay. \nHis roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land. \nBut he wanted to see the old folk againand to visit my mother's grave. \nHe became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.\n\nI hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, \nwhich I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage. \nIt was not that I actually remembered anything at all. \nBut my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone after leaving the nearest town, \nso that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory. \nWell, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.\n\nI looked at the map and then at the milometer. \nI had come ten miles since leaving the town and at this point, according to my father, \nI should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, \nwith the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance. \nI could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire-only a lake. \nI decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. \nSo I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map. \nI landed up at the same corner. \nThe curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map. \nI felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams. \nAnd, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me. \nFortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, \nthere appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. \nI waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village. \nHe said that there was now no village. \nI thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name. \nThis time he pointed to the lake. \nThe village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too. \nThe lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.",
+    "textTranslate": "我停下来，让车子冷却一下，同时仔细研究地图。 \n我本以为自己应该已经接近目的地了，但周围的一切依然让我感到陌生。 \n我五岁的时候，父亲把我带到了国外，那已经是十八年前的事了。 \n母亲在一次悲剧性的事故中去世后，他久久无法从震惊和孤独中走出来。 \n他身边的每一样东西都让他想起她，那些回忆不断重新揭开他的伤痛。 \n于是，他决定移民。 \n在新的国家里，他全身心地投入到为我们俩创造新生活的过程中，渐渐地，他的悲伤也减轻了。 \n他再也没有再婚，我在没有女性照顾的环境中长大；不过我并不缺乏什么，因为父亲同时扮演着母亲的角色。 \n他一直说总有一天会回去，但并不是为了定居。 \n他的根基和我的根基都已经深深地扎根在这片新的土地上。 \n但他想再见见那些老朋友，也想去看看我母亲的坟墓。 \n就在我们计划出发的几个月前，他病入膏肓。当他知道自己时日无多时，他让我答应独自完成这次旅程。 \n\n我落地后的第二天就租了一辆车，并买了一本内容详尽的地图册。 \n这在我长途旅行的过程中确实非常有用，不过我觉得在最后一段旅程中应该并不需要它。 \n其实我根本什么都不记得了。 \n但我父亲一遍又一遍地描述过，在离开最近的那个小镇之后，我们在每一个重要的里程碑处应该看到什么。 \n这样我就能肯定自己会认出这片熟悉的地方。 \n好吧，我错了——因为我现在真的迷路了。 \n\n我先看了看地图，然后又看了看里程表。 \n自从离开小镇后，我已经走了十英里。据我父亲说， \n我本应看到山谷里的农场和小屋， \n远处，我们村庄教堂的尖顶清晰可见。 \n我看不到任何山谷、农场、小屋，也没有教堂的尖塔——只有一片湖泊。 \n我意识到自己肯定在某个地方走错了路（即选择了错误的方向或路径）。 \n于是我开车回到了镇上，开始沿着原来的路线返回，同时不时地查看地图。 \n结果我又回到了同一个路口。 \n奇怪的是，这个湖泊在地图上根本没有标注。 \n我感觉自己仿佛闯入了一个噩梦般的国度——就像在梦中有时会遇到的那样。 \n就像在噩梦中一样，周围根本没有人能够帮助我。 \n幸运的是，就在我思考接下来该做什么的时候…… \n地平线上出现了一个骑马的人，他正朝我的方向走来。 \n我等他走近后，便向他打听去我们老村庄的路。 \n他说，那个村庄现在已经不存在了。 \n我以为他一定误解了我的意思，于是我又重复了一遍那个名字。 \n这次他指向了那个湖泊。 \n那个村庄已经不存在了——因为它被水淹没了，整个山谷也都消失了。 \n那个湖泊并不是天然的，而是一个人工建造的水库。",
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       "start": 9.57,
       "text": "Did the narrater find his mother's grave?",
@@ -1052,13 +1134,15 @@
     "id": "rzbpa0",
     "title": "A spot of bother",
     "titleTranslate": "一点儿小麻烦",
-    "text": "The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived.\nHer shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home.\nIn the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest;\nbut when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open.\nShe was thinking that she must reprimand her home help the next morning for such a monstrous piece of negligence,\nwhen she remembered that she had gone shopping after the home help had left and she knew that she had turned both keys in their locks.\nShe walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,\nyet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out.\nLooking into the drawing room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk.\nIt was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence.\nHer first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves,\nbut then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her,\nso she went to fetch the porter from his basement.\nBy this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while he telephoned the police.\nThen, her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to search for any intruders who might still be lurking in her flat.\nThey went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing,\nas they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints.\nThe chaos was inconceivable.\nShe had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding:\nand it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over.\nAt least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her.\nThen a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat.\nThe inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced,\nthereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony.\nThere was no trace of fingerprints, but the inspector found a dirty red bundle that contained jewellery which the old lady said was not hers.\nSo their entry into this flat was apparently not the burglars' first job that day and they must have been disturbed.\nThe inspector then asked the old lady to try to check what was missing by the next day,\nand advised her not to stay alone in the flat for a few nights.\nThe old lady thought he was a fussy creature,\nbut since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother.",
-    "textTranslate": "那位老太太很高兴能够回到她居住的公寓楼。\n她的购物让她感到疲惫不堪；而随着她一步步往家走，她手中的购物篮也越来越重了。\n在电梯里，她的思绪都在午餐和好好休息的事情上。\n但当她走到自己所在的楼层时，她突然发现前门是开着的，这一发现让她完全忘记了之前发生的一切。\n她在想，第二天早上一定要严厉责备她的家政人员，因为这种疏忽实在太严重了。\n当她想起家政人员离开后自己去了购物，而且知道自己已经把两把钥匙都插进了相应的锁孔里时……\n她缓缓走进大厅，立刻注意到所有的房间门都敞开着。\n然而，按照她平时的习惯，她在出门前还是把它们关上了。\n她走进客厅，看到她的书桌旁一片混乱的景象。\n当时就很明显了：在她的不在期间，窃贼强行进入了房子。\n她的第一反应是去各个房间寻找小偷。\n但后来她想，以她的年纪来说，有个人陪在身边可能会更稳妥些。\n于是她下楼去把门房从他的地下室叫了出来。\n这时，她的双腿已经开始颤抖了，于是她坐下来喝了一杯浓茶；与此同时，他拨打了报警电话。\n随后，她恢复了镇定，便在门卫的协助下准备出发，去搜寻可能还潜伏在她公寓里的入侵者。\n他们走过一个又一个房间，小心翼翼地避免触碰任何东西。\n因为他们不想妨碍警方寻找指纹的工作。\n那种混乱简直难以想象。\n她已经在这套公寓里住了三十年，是个十足的“收集狂”——总是喜欢囤积各种东西。\n仿佛她拥有的一切都被彻底翻了个个儿，被彻底弄乱了。\n至少，把她那些早就该扔掉的东西整理好这件事，现在对她来说变得容易多了。\n随后，一名警督带着一名警察来到了现场，她向他们报告了自己发现公寓被洗劫的情况。\n检查员开始寻找指纹，而警察则确认前门的锁没有被强行破坏。\n由此可以证明，窃贼要么使用了万能钥匙，要么是从阳台上进入屋内的。\n没有发现任何指纹的痕迹，但检查员发现了一个脏兮兮的红色包裹，里面装着一些首饰。那位老妇人声称这些首饰并不属于她。\n显然，他们当天进入这套公寓并不是第一次作案；他们肯定遇到了什么干扰（或者：他们的行动被别人发现了）。\n然后，检查员让那位老太太在第二天之前试着看看到底少了什么东西。\n并建议她在接下来的几个晚上不要独自待在公寓里。\n那位老太太认为他是个挑剔的人。\n但由于门房同意了他的请求，她便给女儿打了电话，请求她的帮助来处理这个她所说的“小麻烦”。",
+    "text": "The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived. \nHer shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home. \nIn the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; \nbut when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open. \nShe was thinking that she must reprimand her home help the next morning for such a monstrous piece of negligence, \nwhen she remembered that she had gone shopping after the home help had left and she knew that she had turned both keys in their locks. \nShe walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, \nyet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out. \nLooking into the drawing room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk. \nIt was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence. \nHer first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, \nbut then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her, \nso she went to fetch the porter from his basement. \nBy this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while he telephoned the police. \nThen, her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to search for any intruders who might still be lurking in her flat.\n\nThey went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing, \nas they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints. \nThe chaos was inconceivable. \nShe had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding: \nand it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over. \nAt least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her. \nThen a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat. \nThe inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced, \nthereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony. \nThere was no trace of fingerprints, but the inspector found a dirty red bundle that contained jewellery which the old lady said was not hers. \nSo their entry into this flat was apparently not the burglars' first job that day and they must have been disturbed. \nThe inspector then asked the old lady to try to check what was missing by the next day, \nand advised her not to stay alone in the flat for a few nights. \nThe old lady thought he was a fussy creature, \nbut since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother.",
+    "textTranslate": "那位老太太很高兴能够回到她居住的公寓楼。 \n她的购物让她感到疲惫不堪；而随着她一步步往家走，她手中的购物篮也越来越重了。 \n在电梯里，她的思绪都在午餐和好好休息的事情上。 \n但当她走到自己所在的楼层时，她突然发现前门是开着的，这一发现让她完全忘记了之前发生的一切。 \n她在想，第二天早上一定要严厉责备她的家政人员，因为这种疏忽实在太严重了。 \n当她想起家政人员离开后自己去了购物，而且知道自己已经把两把钥匙都插进了相应的锁孔里时…… \n她缓缓走进大厅，立刻注意到所有的房间门都敞开着。 \n然而，按照她平时的习惯，她在出门前还是把它们关上了。 \n她走进客厅，看到她的书桌旁一片混乱的景象。 \n当时就很明显了：在她的不在期间，窃贼强行进入了房子。 \n她的第一反应是去各个房间寻找小偷。 \n但后来她想，以她的年纪来说，有个人陪在身边可能会更稳妥些。 \n于是她下楼去把门房从他的地下室叫了出来。 \n这时，她的双腿已经开始颤抖了，于是她坐下来喝了一杯浓茶；与此同时，他拨打了报警电话。 \n随后，她恢复了镇定，便在门卫的协助下准备出发，去搜寻可能还潜伏在她公寓里的入侵者。 \n\n他们走过一个又一个房间，小心翼翼地避免触碰任何东西。 \n因为他们不想妨碍警方寻找指纹的工作。 \n那种混乱简直难以想象。 \n她已经在这套公寓里住了三十年，是个十足的“收集狂”——总是喜欢囤积各种东西。 \n仿佛她拥有的一切都被彻底翻了个个儿，被彻底弄乱了。 \n至少，把她那些早就该扔掉的东西整理好这件事，现在对她来说变得容易多了。 \n随后，一名警督带着一名警察来到了现场，她向他们报告了自己发现公寓被洗劫的情况。 \n检查员开始寻找指纹，而警察则确认前门的锁没有被强行破坏。 \n由此可以证明，窃贼要么使用了万能钥匙，要么是从阳台上进入屋内的。 \n没有发现任何指纹的痕迹，但检查员发现了一个脏兮兮的红色包裹，里面装着一些首饰。那位老妇人声称这些首饰并不属于她。 \n显然，他们当天进入这套公寓并不是第一次作案；他们肯定遇到了什么干扰（或者：他们的行动被别人发现了）。 \n然后，检查员让那位老太太在第二天之前试着看看到底少了什么东西。 \n并建议她在接下来的几个晚上不要独自待在公寓里。 \n那位老太太认为他是个挑剔的人。 \n但由于门房同意了他的请求，她便给女儿打了电话，请求她的帮助来处理这个她所说的“小麻烦”。",
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       "start": 9.52,
       "text": "What did the old lady find when she got home?",
@@ -1070,13 +1154,15 @@
     "id": "NR-nVL",
     "title": "Collecting",
     "titleTranslate": "收藏",
-    "text": "People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.\nIndeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.\nThose who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.\nThey leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.\nAs they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons,\nlack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.\nThings owned for a long time are full of associations with the past,\nperhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.\nSome things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.\nAmong these I would list string and brown paper,\nkept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites.\nCollecting small items can easily become a mania.\nI know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.\nAs she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote;\nbut she is never sufficiently strongminded to be able to stop the practice.\nIt is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.\nCollecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages.\nIt provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy.\nOne does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home.\nWhatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass,\nantique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it,\nfrom finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books.\nThis hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.\nThere are also other benefits.\nOne wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find.\nSo one's circle of friends grows.\nSoon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town,\npossibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.\nOver the years, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings\nand then, if successful, to larger audiences.\nIn this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it.\nCollecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.",
-    "textTranslate": "人们往往会积累财物，有时甚至自己都没有意识到这一点。\n确实，当他们发现某些自己原本不知道拥有的、但却非常实用的东西时，会感到非常惊喜。\n那些从未搬过家的人，会无差别地收集各种杂物——这些杂物其实只能被归类为“杂乱无章的堆积物”。\n他们把不需要的物品放在抽屉、橱柜或阁楼里多年，认为有朝一日自己可能会用到那些东西。\n随着年龄的增长，人们积累物品还有另外两个原因：\n缺乏体力和精力——这两者都是清理和丢弃物品所必需的；此外还有情感因素。\n那些已经拥有很长时间的东西，都承载着与过去相关的种种回忆和情感联系。\n也许这些物品与已经去世的亲人有关联，因此它们逐渐被赋予了超出其实际价值的意义（或：这些物品因为与逝去亲人的联系而变得更有价值）。\n有些物品是人们特意在家里收集起来的，目的是为了减少浪费。\n在这些物品中，我会列举细绳和牛皮纸。\n节俭的人在拆开包裹后，会保留这些物品，以避免再次购买这两样必需品。\n收集小物件很容易变成一种狂热。\n我认识一个人，她总是从报纸上剪下那些她想要购买的模特服装的图片；如果她有钱的话，一定会买下这些衣服。\n由于她并不富裕，她能够负担得起这类购买的费用的可能性微乎其微。\n但她始终缺乏足够的意志力来改掉这个习惯。\n这其实是个无伤大雅的习惯，但这个习惯让她的办公桌变得非常杂乱——每次她打开桌子时，都会有一堆散落的纸屑从各个方向掉出来。\n将收藏作为一种严肃的爱好来从事，其实有着许多独特的优势。\n它为休闲时光带来了放松与愉悦；仅仅欣赏自己的收藏品，本身就是一种享受。\n人们不必外出寻找娱乐方式，因为这些藏品都收藏在家里。\n无论是邮票、唱片、初版书籍、瓷器、玻璃制品，\n古董家具、画作、模型汽车、标本鸟、玩具动物……总有相关的事情可做，\n从为最新添加的内容找到合适的位置，到在参考书中核实事实……\n这个爱好不仅能让人在所选择的领域内学到知识，还能帮助人们了解与该领域相关的一些通用性知识。\n还有其他一些好处。\n人们希望结识志同道合的收藏家，获取建议，交流心得，交换藏品，展示最新发现。\n因此，一个人的朋友圈子也会逐渐扩大。\n很快，这个爱好还会促使人们去旅行，也许到另一个城镇参加聚会，\n也许他们会去国外寻找稀有的标本，因为收藏家们并不局限于某个特定的国家。\n随着时间的推移，一个人很可能会在自己的爱好领域成为专家，并且很可能会被邀请在一些小型聚会上进行非正式的演讲。\n然后，如果讲得成功，就会面向更多听众演讲。\n通过这种方式，自信心得以增长：先是源于对一门学科的掌握，然后是源于能够就此侃侃而谈。\n通过利用空闲时间来从事有意义的活动，一个人会感到满足，从而不会有无聊的感觉。",
+    "text": "People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. \nIndeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned. \nThose who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter. \nThey leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things. \nAs they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, \nlack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment. \nThings owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, \nperhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.\n\nSome things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste. \nAmong these I would list string and brown paper, \nkept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites. \nCollecting small items can easily become a mania. \nI know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money. \nAs she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; \nbut she is never sufficiently strongminded to be able to stop the practice. \nIt is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.\n\nCollecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages. \nIt provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy. \nOne does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home. \nWhatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, \nantique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, \nfrom finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books. \nThis hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it. \nThere are also other benefits. \nOne wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find. \nSo one's circle of friends grows. \nSoon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, \npossibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country. \nOver the years, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings \nand then, if successful, to larger audiences. \nIn this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it. \nCollecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.",
+    "textTranslate": "人们往往会积累财物，有时甚至自己都没有意识到这一点。 \n确实，当他们发现某些自己原本不知道拥有的、但却非常实用的东西时，会感到非常惊喜。 \n那些从未搬过家的人，会无差别地收集各种杂物——这些杂物其实只能被归类为“杂乱无章的堆积物”。 \n他们把不需要的物品放在抽屉、橱柜或阁楼里多年，认为有朝一日自己可能会用到那些东西。 \n随着年龄的增长，人们积累物品还有另外两个原因： \n缺乏体力和精力——这两者都是清理和丢弃物品所必需的；此外还有情感因素。 \n那些已经拥有很长时间的东西，都承载着与过去相关的种种回忆和情感联系。 \n也许这些物品与已经去世的亲人有关联，因此它们逐渐被赋予了超出其实际价值的意义（或：这些物品因为与逝去亲人的联系而变得更有价值）。 \n\n有些物品是人们特意在家里收集起来的，目的是为了减少浪费。 \n在这些物品中，我会列举细绳和牛皮纸。 \n节俭的人在拆开包裹后，会保留这些物品，以避免再次购买这两样必需品。 \n收集小物件很容易变成一种狂热。 \n我认识一个人，她总是从报纸上剪下那些她想要购买的模特服装的图片；如果她有钱的话，一定会买下这些衣服。 \n由于她并不富裕，她能够负担得起这类购买的费用的可能性微乎其微。 \n但她始终缺乏足够的意志力来改掉这个习惯。 \n这其实是个无伤大雅的习惯，但这个习惯让她的办公桌变得非常杂乱——每次她打开桌子时，都会有一堆散落的纸屑从各个方向掉出来。 \n\n将收藏作为一种严肃的爱好来从事，其实有着许多独特的优势。 \n它为休闲时光带来了放松与愉悦；仅仅欣赏自己的收藏品，本身就是一种享受。 \n人们不必外出寻找娱乐方式，因为这些藏品都收藏在家里。 \n无论是邮票、唱片、初版书籍、瓷器、玻璃制品， \n古董家具、画作、模型汽车、标本鸟、玩具动物……总有相关的事情可做， \n从为最新添加的内容找到合适的位置，到在参考书中核实事实…… \n这个爱好不仅能让人在所选择的领域内学到知识，还能帮助人们了解与该领域相关的一些通用性知识。 \n还有其他一些好处。 \n人们希望结识志同道合的收藏家，获取建议，交流心得，交换藏品，展示最新发现。 \n因此，一个人的朋友圈子也会逐渐扩大。 \n很快，这个爱好还会促使人们去旅行，也许到另一个城镇参加聚会， \n也许他们会去国外寻找稀有的标本，因为收藏家们并不局限于某个特定的国家。 \n随着时间的推移，一个人很可能会在自己的爱好领域成为专家，并且很可能会被邀请在一些小型聚会上进行非正式的演讲。 \n然后，如果讲得成功，就会面向更多听众演讲。 \n通过这种方式，自信心得以增长：先是源于对一门学科的掌握，然后是源于能够就此侃侃而谈。 \n通过利用空闲时间来从事有意义的活动，一个人会感到满足，从而不会有无聊的感觉。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 8.71,
       "text": "What in particular does a person gain when he or she becomes a serious collector?",
@@ -1088,17 +1174,20 @@
     "id": "x8RSMI",
     "title": "Too early and too late",
     "titleTranslate": "太早和太晚",
-    "text": "Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society.\nWithout it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.\nOnly in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it.\nIn ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality.\nThe intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand.\nHe is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party.\nBut people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine.\nIt is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time,\nso they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment.\nIf no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tyres, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time.\nThey are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late.\nThe over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual.\nThe guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance.\nSome friends of my family had this irritating habit.\nThe only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests.\nThen they arrived just when we wanted them.\nIf you are catching a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute too late.\nAlthough being early may mean wasting a little time,\nthis will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one;\nand you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it.\nAn even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you.\nSuch an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was travelling alone.\nShe entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due,\nsince her parents had impressed upon her\nthat it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her.\nShe gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket.\nTo her horror he said that she was two hours too soon.\nShe felt in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and gave it to the porter.\nHe agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers.\nThe girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake.\nThe porter went to fetch one and arrived back with the station master,\nwho produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station;\nthis little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for mail.\nJust as that moment the train came into the station.\nThe girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van.\nBut the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken.\nAnd she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.",
-    "textTranslate": "在文明社会的所有公共事务中，守时是一种必不可少的习惯。\n没有它，任何事情都无法办成；一切都将陷入混乱。\n只有在人口稀少的农村社区，人们才可能忽视它。\n在日常生活中，对于迟到这种行为，人们通常可以有一定的宽容度。\n这位正在研究某个复杂问题的学者，已经将自己手头的工作所需的一切资料和信息都整理得井井有条、有条不紊了。\n因此，如果他赴宴迟到，也是可以被原谅的。\n但是，人们常常因为不守时而受到指责，而他们唯一的过错只是把时间算得太紧。\n对于那些精力充沛、思维敏捷的人来说，浪费时间是一件很难做到的事情。\n因此，他们常常会忍不住在赴约之前先把工作完成。\n如果途中没有发生任何意外（比如轮胎爆裂、交通延误、雾突然变浓等情况），他们就能准时到达。\n他们通常比那些从不迟到的人更勤奋、更有用。\n过分守时和迟到一样，都可能让人难以忍受。\n那位提前半小时就到的客人真是最让人烦恼的人了。\n我家的一些朋友有个让人很恼火的习惯。\n唯一可行的办法就是让他们比其他客人晚半小时到达。\n然后他们正好在我们需要的时候到了。\n如果你要赶火车，宁可从容地早到，也绝不迟到哪怕一秒钟。\n虽然提前行动可能会浪费一些时间，\n这总比你错过火车、然后不得不等待下一班火车（一个小时或更长时间）要好吧。\n这样你就避免了那种令人沮丧的情况：当你赶到车站时，火车正好已经启动离开，而你却无法上车。\n更糟糕的情况是：你虽然及时赶到了站台，却还是眼睁睁看着火车开走，把你丢下。\n这样的经历发生在一个年轻女孩第一次独自旅行的时候。\n她在火车预定到站前二十分钟进了车站。\n因为她的父母一直向她灌输这样的观念（或：因为她的父母让她明白了这一点）。\n错过这班火车是不可原谅的，因为这会让要来接她的朋友们不得不跑两趟。\n她把行李交给搬运工，并给他看了车票。\n令她惊恐的是，他说她来得太早了——比预定的时间早了两个小时。\n她在手提包里寻找那张纸，上面写着父亲记录的所有旅行细节，然后把纸交给了行李员。\n他承认，根据记录，当时确实有一列火车驶入了车站并且停了下来，但那列火车只是来取邮件的，并没有搭载乘客。\n女孩要求查看时刻表，因为她确信她的父亲不可能犯这样的错误。\n搬运工去取时刻表，回来时带着站长。\n站长拿着时刻表，夸张地一挥，指出了他车站火车到站时间旁边一个极小的'o'；\n这个小小的“O”符号表示火车只是为了取邮件而停靠的。\n就在那一刻，火车驶进了车站。\n女孩泪流满面，恳求允许她溜进列车员车厢。\n但站长态度坚决：规定不能违反。\n她只能眼睁睁看着火车驶向目的地，而自己却被留在了车站。",
+    "text": "Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. \nWithout it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. \nOnly in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. \nIn ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. \nThe intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. \nHe is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. \nBut people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. \nIt is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, \nso they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. \nIf no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tyres, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. \nThey are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. \nThe over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. \nThe guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. \nSome friends of my family had this irritating habit. \nThe only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. \nThen they arrived just when we wanted them.\n\nIf you are catching a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute too late. \nAlthough being early may mean wasting a little time, \nthis will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; \nand you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it. \nAn even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. \nSuch an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was travelling alone.\n\nShe entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, \nsince her parents had impressed upon her \nthat it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her. \nShe gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. \nTo her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. \nShe felt in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and gave it to the porter. \nHe agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers. \nThe girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. \nThe porter went to fetch one and arrived back with the station master, \nwho produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; \nthis little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for mail. \nJust as that moment the train came into the station. \nThe girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van. \nBut the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken. \nAnd she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.",
+    "textTranslate": "在文明社会的所有公共事务中，守时是一种必不可少的习惯。 \n没有它，任何事情都无法办成；一切都将陷入混乱。 \n只有在人口稀少的农村社区，人们才可能忽视它。 \n在日常生活中，对于迟到这种行为，人们通常可以有一定的宽容度。 \n这位正在研究某个复杂问题的学者，已经将自己手头的工作所需的一切资料和信息都整理得井井有条、有条不紊了。 \n因此，如果他赴宴迟到，也是可以被原谅的。 \n但是，人们常常因为不守时而受到指责，而他们唯一的过错只是把时间算得太紧。 \n对于那些精力充沛、思维敏捷的人来说，浪费时间是一件很难做到的事情。 \n因此，他们常常会忍不住在赴约之前先把工作完成。 \n如果途中没有发生任何意外（比如轮胎爆裂、交通延误、雾突然变浓等情况），他们就能准时到达。 \n他们通常比那些从不迟到的人更勤奋、更有用。 \n过分守时和迟到一样，都可能让人难以忍受。 \n那位提前半小时就到的客人真是最让人烦恼的人了。 \n我家的一些朋友有个让人很恼火的习惯。 \n唯一可行的办法就是让他们比其他客人晚半小时到达。 \n然后他们正好在我们需要的时候到了。 \n\n如果你要赶火车，宁可从容地早到，也绝不迟到哪怕一秒钟。 \n虽然提前行动可能会浪费一些时间， \n这总比你错过火车、然后不得不等待下一班火车（一个小时或更长时间）要好吧。 \n这样你就避免了那种令人沮丧的情况：当你赶到车站时，火车正好已经启动离开，而你却无法上车。 \n更糟糕的情况是：你虽然及时赶到了站台，却还是眼睁睁看着火车开走，把你丢下。 \n这样的经历发生在一个年轻女孩第一次独自旅行的时候。 \n\n她在火车预定到站前二十分钟进了车站。 \n因为她的父母一直向她灌输这样的观念（或：因为她的父母让她明白了这一点）。 \n错过这班火车是不可原谅的，因为这会让要来接她的朋友们不得不跑两趟。 \n她把行李交给搬运工，并给他看了车票。 \n令她惊恐的是，他说她来得太早了——比预定的时间早了两个小时。 \n她在手提包里寻找那张纸，上面写着父亲记录的所有旅行细节，然后把纸交给了行李员。 \n他承认，根据记录，当时确实有一列火车驶入了车站并且停了下来，但那列火车只是来取邮件的，并没有搭载乘客。 \n女孩要求查看时刻表，因为她确信她的父亲不可能犯这样的错误。 \n搬运工去取时刻表，回来时带着站长。 \n站长拿着时刻表，夸张地一挥，指出了他车站火车到站时间旁边一个极小的'o'； \n这个小小的“O”符号表示火车只是为了取邮件而停靠的。 \n就在那一刻，火车驶进了车站。 \n女孩泪流满面，恳求允许她溜进列车员车厢。 \n但站长态度坚决：规定不能违反。 \n她只能眼睁睁看着火车驶向目的地，而自己却被留在了车站。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce3/60－Too Early and Too Late.mp3",
+    "audioFileId": "",
     "lrcPosition": [[15.76,23.31],[23.31,31.53],[31.53,38.44],[38.44,44.04],[44.04,53.53],[53.53,58.07],[58.07,65.63],[65.63,70.47],[70.47,76.25],[76.25,85.88],[85.88,92.03],[92.03,98.12],[98.12,104.56],[104.56,108.32],[108.32,114.09],[114.09,117.69],[117.69,125.97],[125.97,129.57],[129.57,135.48],[135.48,146.35],[146.35,156.02],[156.02,162.72],[162.72,167.2],[167.2,169.96],[169.96,179.32],[179.32,183.92],[183.92,189.16],[189.16,198.85],[198.85,210.9],[210.9,218.29],[218.29,223.19],[223.19,233.04],[233.04,238.86],[238.86,243.59],[243.59,250.78],[250.78,257.08],[257.08,null]],
     "questions": [],
+    "nameList": [],
+    "textAllWords": [],
     "question": {
       "start": 10.62,
       "text": "Why did the young girl miss the train?",
       "translate": "为什么那个小女孩错过了火车？",
       "end": 15.76
     }
-  }]
+  }
+]

public/dicts/en/article/NCE_4.json

@@ -203,13 +203,15 @@
     "id": "T4p-Jp",
     "title": "How to grow old",
     "titleTranslate": "如何安度晚年",
-    "text": "Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death.\nIn the young there is a justification for this feeling.\nYoung men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle\nmay justifiably feel bitter in the thought\nthat they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.\nBut in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows,\nand has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,\nthe fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.\nThe best way to overcome it--so at least it seems to me--\nis to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal,\nuntil bit by bit the walls of the ego recede,\nand your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.\nAn individual human existence should be like a river--\nsmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks,\nand rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.\nGradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly,\nand in the end, without any visiblebreak, they become merged in the sea,\nand painlessly lose their individual being.\nThe man who, in old age can see his life in this way,\nwill not suffer from the fear of death,\nsince the things he cares for will continue.\nAnd if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases,\nthe thought of rest will be not unwelcome.\nI should wish to die while still at work,\nknowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,\nand content in the thought that what was possible has been done.",
-    "textTranslate": "有些老年人被对死亡的恐惧所折磨（或：有些老年人深受对死亡的恐惧的困扰）。\n在年轻人身上，这种情感是情有可原的。\n那些有理由担心自己会在战斗中丧生的年轻人们\n有理由感到愤懑（或痛苦）\n他们被剥夺了生活中最美好的东西。\n但对于一个经历过人生种种喜怒哀乐的老人来说，\n并且已经完成了他所能完成的所有工作。\n对死亡的恐惧在某种程度上是卑劣且可耻的。\n克服这个问题的最佳方法——至少在我看来是这样……\n其目的在于逐渐拓宽自己的视野，使自己的兴趣变得更为广泛且不再那么个人化；\n直到自我的界限一点点消融，\n自己的生命逐渐融入到宇宙的生命之中。\n一个人的存在应当像一条河流——\n起初很小，被两岸紧紧束缚；\n它激情澎湃地冲过巨石、飞跃过瀑布。\n随着时间的推移，河流变得越来越宽广，两岸逐渐后退，水流也变得更加平缓；\n最终，它毫无阻碍地融入大海，\n悄无声息地失去了自身的独立性。\n那些在晚年能够以这种方式看待自己人生的人，\n就不会害怕死亡，\n因为他们所珍视的一切都会继续存在下去。\n那么，随着生命力的衰退，疲劳感也会随之增加。\n一想到可以休息，就不会不受欢迎了。\n我真希望自己还能在工作的时候就死去。\n知道其他人会继续做那些我再也无法完成的事情……\n并且心满意足地想着：一切力所能及的事情都已经做到了。",
+    "text": "Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. \nIn the young there is a justification for this feeling. \nYoung men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle \nmay justifiably feel bitter in the thought \nthat they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. \nBut in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, \nand has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, \nthe fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. \nThe best way to overcome it--so at least it seems to me-- \nis to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, \nuntil bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, \nand your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. \nAn individual human existence should be like a river-- \nsmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks, \nand rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. \nGradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, \nand in the end, without any visiblebreak, they become merged in the sea, \nand painlessly lose their individual being. \nThe man who, in old age can see his life in this way, \nwill not suffer from the fear of death, \nsince the things he cares for will continue. \nAnd if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, \nthe thought of rest will be not unwelcome. \nI should wish to die while still at work, \nknowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, \nand content in the thought that what was possible has been done.",
+    "textTranslate": "有些老年人被对死亡的恐惧所折磨。 \n在年轻人身上，这种情感是情有可原的。 \n那些有理由担心自己会在战斗中丧生的年轻人们 \n有理由感到愤懑（或痛苦） \n他们被剥夺了生活中最美好的东西。 \n但对于一个经历过人生种种喜怒哀乐的老人来说， \n并且已经完成了他所能完成的所有工作。 \n对死亡的恐惧在某种程度上是卑劣且可耻的。 \n克服这个问题的最佳方法——至少在我看来是这样…… \n其目的在于逐渐拓宽自己的视野，使自己的兴趣变得更为广泛且不再那么个人化； \n直到自我的界限一点点消融， \n自己的生命逐渐融入到宇宙的生命之中。 \n一个人的存在应当像一条河流—— \n起初很小，被两岸紧紧束缚； \n它激情澎湃地冲过巨石、飞跃过瀑布。 \n随着时间的推移，河流变得越来越宽广，两岸逐渐后退，水流也变得更加平缓； \n最终，它毫无阻碍地融入大海， \n悄无声息地失去了自身的独立性。 \n那些在晚年能够以这种方式看待自己人生的人， \n就不会害怕死亡， \n因为他们所珍视的一切都会继续存在下去。 \n那么，随着生命力的衰退，疲劳感也会随之增加。 \n一想到可以休息，就不会不受欢迎了。 \n我真希望自己还能在工作的时候就死去。 \n知道其他人会继续做那些我再也无法完成的事情…… \n并且心满意足地想着：一切力所能及的事情都已经做到了。",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/11－How to Grow Old.mp3",
-    "lrcPosition": [[20.22,25.14],[25.14,28.83],[28.83,33.24],[33.24,36.79],[36.79,42.45],[42.45,48.12],[48.12,52.01],[52.01,56.93],[56.93,62.67],[62.67,68.05],[68.05,73.22],[73.22,77.73],[77.73,83.51],[83.51,88.42],[88.42,93.7],[93.7,101.18],[101.18,107.44],[107.44,111.19],[111.19,116.77000000000001],[116.77000000000001,119.53999999999999],[119.53999999999999,123.38],[123.38,130.52],[130.52,134.29],[134.29,137.82],[137.82,142.36],[142.36,null]],
+    "audioFileId": "",
+    "lrcPosition": [[20.22,25.14],[25.14,28.83],[28.83,33.24],[33.24,36.79],[36.79,42.45],[42.45,48.12],[48.12,52.01],[52.01,56.93],[56.93,62.67],[62.67,68.05],[68.05,73.22],[73.22,77.73],[77.73,83.51],[83.51,88.42],[88.42,93.7],[93.7,101.18],[101.18,107.44],[107.44,111.19],[111.19,116.77],[116.77,119.53],[119.53,123.38],[123.38,130.52],[130.52,134.29],[134.29,137.82],[137.82,142.36],[142.36,null]],
     "questions": [],
+    "nameList": [],
+    "textAllWords": [],
     "question": {
       "start": 10.6,
       "text": "What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?",
@@ -221,13 +223,15 @@
     "id": "n2x9Vm",
     "title": "Banks and their customers",
     "titleTranslate": "银行和顾客",
-    "text": "When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money,\nrepayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.\nPrimarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--\nwho is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.\nBut, in addition to that basically simple concept,\nthe bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.\nMany of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods,\ncannot complain that the law is loaded against him.\nThe bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.\nWhen, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.\nHe gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule\nthat the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque\non which its customer's signature has been forged.\nIt makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one:\nthe bank must recognize its customer's signature.\nFor this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.\nIf this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.",
-    "textTranslate": "当任何人向银行开设一个活期账户时，实际上就是在把钱借给银行。\n他可以随时要求偿还这笔款项，既可以要求以现金形式支付，也可以要求开一张支票转给另一个人。\n从根本上说，银行与客户之间的关系就是债务人与债权人的关系。\n谁是债务人、谁是债权人，取决于该客户的账户是有结余还是透支。\n但是，除了这个基本上很简单的概念之外，\n银行和客户彼此都负有大量的义务。\n这些义务中的许多都可能引发问题和复杂情况，但银行客户与商品购买者不同，\n不能抱怨法律对他不公。\n银行必须遵守客户的指示，而不能听从任何其他人的要求。\n例如，客户首次开户时，会指示银行仅凭他本人签发的支票从账户扣款。\n他向银行提供了自己的签名样本，而银行有一项非常严格的规定。\n银行无权也无理由根据伪造签名的支票支付客户的款项。\n（即支票上的签名是伪造的）。\n无论伪造技术多么高明，都无关紧要：\n银行必须认出客户的真实签名。\n因此，银行采用在支票上印制客户姓名的做法对客户来说没有任何风险。\n如果这种做法导致了伪造行为的发生，那么遭受损失的将是银行，而不是客户。",
+    "text": "When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, \nrepayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. \nPrimarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor-- \nwho is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn. \nBut, in addition to that basically simple concept, \nthe bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. \nMany of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, \ncannot complain that the law is loaded against him.\n\nThe bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. \nWhen, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself. \nHe gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule \nthat the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque \non which its customer's signature has been forged. \nIt makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one: \nthe bank must recognize its customer's signature. \nFor this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques. \nIf this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.\n\n--GORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L. DLAMOND The Consumer Society and the Law--",
+    "textTranslate": "当任何人向银行开设一个活期账户时，实际上就是在把钱借给银行。 \n他可以随时要求偿还这笔款项，既可以要求以现金形式支付，也可以要求开一张支票转给另一个人。 \n从根本上说，银行与客户之间的关系就是债务人与债权人的关系。 \n谁是债务人、谁是债权人，取决于该客户的账户是有结余还是透支。 \n但是，除了这个基本上很简单的概念之外， \n银行和客户彼此都负有大量的义务。 \n这些义务中的许多都可能引发问题和复杂情况，但银行客户与商品购买者不同， \n不能抱怨法律对他不公。 \n\n银行必须遵守客户的指示，而不能听从任何其他人的要求。 \n例如，客户首次开户时，会指示银行仅凭他本人签发的支票从账户扣款。 \n他向银行提供了自己的签名样本，而银行有一项非常严格的规定。 \n银行无权也无理由根据伪造签名的支票支付客户的款项。 \n（即支票上的签名是伪造的）。 \n无论伪造技术多么高明，都无关紧要： \n银行必须认出客户的真实签名。 \n因此，银行采用在支票上印制客户姓名的做法对客户来说没有任何风险。 \n如果这种做法导致了伪造行为的发生，那么遭受损失的将是银行，而不是客户。 \n\n--戈登·巴里与奥布里·L·戴蒙德：消费者社会与法律--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 7.92,
       "text": "Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?",
@@ -239,13 +243,15 @@
     "id": "Hltgmt",
     "title": "The search for oil",
     "titleTranslate": "探寻石油",
-    "text": "The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25, 000 feet.\nBut we do not need to send man down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.\nThe holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.\nMy particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.\nWhen it has been decided where we are going to drill,\nwe put up at the surface an oil derrick.\nIt has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we have to lower into the ground\nand haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top\nand are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.\nThe geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached,\nso every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit.\nIt cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through.\nOnce we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure either from gas or water, is pushing it.\nThis pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe.\nWe endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas.\nWe want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.",
-    "textTranslate": "所有这些最深的钻孔都是为开采石油而设计的，它们的深度可达25,000英尺。\n但我们不需要派人下到地下去开采石油；这与开采其他矿产资源的情况不同。\n这些洞只是普通的钻孔，直径不到一英尺。\n我的主要工作经验集中在石油行业，而在石油勘探领域，寻找石油的过程对深井钻探技术的进步起到了比其他任何采矿活动都更大的推动作用。\n一旦我们确定了钻探的位置，\n我们在地面上搭建一座石油钻塔。\n它必须很高，因为它就像一个巨大的滑轮组，我们需要把长长的钻杆降入地下\n然后从地下抽出长长的钻杆，这些钻杆由顶部的发动机驱动进行旋转。\n底部装有钻头。\n地质学家需要知道钻头已经钻到了哪些类型的岩石上。\n因此，每隔一段时间，就会使用取芯钻头获取一个样本。\n它切割出了一块整齐的圆柱形岩石，通过这块岩石可以清楚地看到钻头所穿过的岩层结构。\n一旦钻到油层，石油通常会在巨大压力（来自天然气或水）的推动下自动流到地表。\n这种压力必须得到控制，我们通过沿钻杆循环注入泥浆来控制它。\n我们尽量避免发生旧式浪漫的井喷，因为那会浪费石油和天然气。\n我们希望石油留在井下，直到我们能以可控的方式将其引导出来。",
+    "text": "The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25, 000 feet. \nBut we do not need to send man down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. \nThe holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. \nMy particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. \nWhen it has been decided where we are going to drill, \nwe put up at the surface an oil derrick. \nIt has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we have to lower into the ground \nand haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top \nand are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.\n\nThe geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, \nso every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. \nIt cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. \nOnce we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure either from gas or water, is pushing it. \nThis pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. \nWe endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. \nWe want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.\n\n--T.F.GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery--",
+    "textTranslate": "所有这些最深的钻孔都是为开采石油而设计的，它们的深度可达25,000英尺。 \n但我们不需要派人下到地下去开采石油；这与开采其他矿产资源的情况不同。 \n这些洞只是普通的钻孔，直径不到一英尺。 \n我的主要工作经验集中在石油行业，而在石油勘探领域，寻找石油的过程对深井钻探技术的进步起到了比其他任何采矿活动都更大的推动作用。 \n一旦我们确定了钻探的位置， \n我们在地面上搭建一座石油钻塔。 \n它必须很高，因为它就像一个巨大的滑轮组，我们需要把长长的钻杆降入地下 \n然后从地下抽出长长的钻杆，这些钻杆由顶部的发动机驱动进行旋转。 \n底部装有钻头。 \n\n地质学家需要知道钻头已经钻到了哪些类型的岩石上。 \n因此，每隔一段时间，就会使用取芯钻头获取一个样本。 \n它切割出了一块整齐的圆柱形岩石，通过这块岩石可以清楚地看到钻头所穿过的岩层结构。 \n一旦钻到油层，石油通常会在巨大压力（来自天然气或水）的推动下自动流到地表。 \n这种压力必须得到控制，我们通过沿钻杆循环注入泥浆来控制它。 \n我们尽量避免发生旧式浪漫的井喷，因为那会浪费石油和天然气。 \n我们希望石油留在井下，直到我们能以可控的方式将其引导出来。 \n\n--T.F.GASKELL从发现开始寻找地球矿物--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.79,
       "text": "What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?",
@@ -257,13 +263,15 @@
     "id": "jHZLkv",
     "title": "The Butterfly Effect",
     "titleTranslate": "蝴蝶效应",
-    "text": "Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative,\nand beyond six or seven they are worthless.\nThe Butterfly Effect is the reason.\nFor small pieces of weather--\nand to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards--\nany prediction deteriorates rapidly.\nErrors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features,\nfrom dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.\nThe modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart,\nand even so, some starting data has to be guessed,\nsince ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.\nBut suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart,\nrising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.\nSuppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature,\npressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want.\nPrecisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point\nat 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03...\nThe computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away.\nAt noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not know about,\ntiny deviations from the average.\nBy 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away.\nSoon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.",
-    "textTranslate": "超过六七天之后，它们就毫无价值了。\n超过六七个之后，它们就毫无价值了。\n这就是“蝴蝶效应”的原因。\n对于那些微小的、局部的天气变化（或现象）……\n对于全球天气预报员来说，“小”可能指雷暴和暴风雪。\n任何预测的结果都会迅速恶化（或：任何预测的准确性都会迅速下降）。\n误差和不确定性会成倍增加，通过一连串湍流特征向上扩散，\n从尘旋和小型风暴，到只有卫星才能观测到的、覆盖整个大陆范围的巨大涡旋……\n现代天气模型使用的是间距约60英里的网格点，\n即便如此，一些初始数据仍需推测，\n因为地面站和卫星无法覆盖所有区域。\n但是，假设地球表面能够被安装上间距为 1 英尺（约 30 厘米）的传感器……\n并以1英尺的间隔一直延伸到大气层顶部。\n假设每个传感器都能提供完全准确的温度读数……\n压力、湿度，以及气象学家可能需要的任何其他气象参数。\n正午时分，一台性能无限的计算机采集所有数据，计算每个点在\n12点01分，然后是12点02分，接着是12点03分……\n计算机仍无法预测一个月后新泽西州普林斯顿是晴天还是雨天。\n正午时分，传感器之间的空隙会隐藏计算机不知道的波动，\n这些是相对于平均值的微小偏差。\n到12点01分，这些波动已经会在1英尺外造成小误差。\n很快误差会扩大到10英尺范围，并以此类推，直到覆盖全球。",
+    "text": "Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, \nand beyond six or seven they are worthless. \nThe Butterfly Effect is the reason. \nFor small pieces of weather-- \nand to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards-- \nany prediction deteriorates rapidly. \nErrors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, \nfrom dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.\n\nThe modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, \nand even so, some starting data has to be guessed, \nsince ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. \nBut suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, \nrising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere. \nSuppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, \npressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want. \nPrecisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point \nat 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03... \nThe computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. \nAt noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not know about, \ntiny deviations from the average. \nBy 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. \nSoon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.\n\n--JAMES GLEICK, Chaos--",
+    "textTranslate": "超过六七天之后，它们就毫无价值了。 \n超过六七个之后，它们就毫无价值了。 \n这就是“蝴蝶效应”的原因。 \n对于那些微小的、局部的天气变化（或现象）…… \n对于全球天气预报员来说，“小”可能指雷暴和暴风雪。 \n任何预测的结果都会迅速恶化（或：任何预测的准确性都会迅速下降）。 \n误差和不确定性会成倍增加，通过一连串湍流特征向上扩散， \n从尘旋和小型风暴，到只有卫星才能观测到的、覆盖整个大陆范围的巨大涡旋…… \n\n现代天气模型使用的是间距约60英里的网格点， \n即便如此，一些初始数据仍需推测， \n因为地面站和卫星无法覆盖所有区域。 \n但是，假设地球表面能够被安装上间距为 1 英尺（约 30 厘米）的传感器…… \n并以1英尺的间隔一直延伸到大气层顶部。 \n假设每个传感器都能提供完全准确的温度读数…… \n压力、湿度，以及气象学家可能需要的任何其他气象参数。 \n正午时分，一台性能无限的计算机采集所有数据，计算每个点在 \n12点01分，然后是12点02分，接着是12点03分…… \n计算机仍无法预测一个月后新泽西州普林斯顿是晴天还是雨天。 \n正午时分，传感器之间的空隙会隐藏计算机不知道的波动， \n这些是相对于平均值的微小偏差。 \n到12点01分，这些波动已经会在1英尺外造成小误差。 \n很快误差会扩大到10英尺范围，并以此类推，直到覆盖全球。 \n\n--詹姆斯·格莱克，《混沌》--",
     "newWords": [],
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/14－The Butterfly Effect.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 8.25,
       "text": "Why do small errors make it impossible to predict the weather system with a high degree of accuracy?",
@@ -275,13 +283,15 @@
     "id": "5USQBq",
     "title": "Secrecy in industry",
     "titleTranslate": "工业中的秘密",
-    "text": "Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry.\nOne is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out,\nthe other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.\nIn so far as any inquiry is a secret one,\nit naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities,\nor even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm.\nThe degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably.\nSome of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature\nthat it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret.\nYet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.\nEven more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes.\nThis applies particularly to chemical industries,\nwhere chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries.\nSometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.\nMany firms, for instance have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries\nbecause they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book,\nfor fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.",
-    "textTranslate": "有两个因素严重阻碍了工业领域科学研究的有效性\n一是进行研究的整体保密氛围\n另一方面，还存在着个体研究人员缺乏自由的问题。\n只要任何调查都是保密的（即不对外公开的），\n这自然会限制所有参与研究的人员与国外或大学的同行科学家进行有效接触\n甚至常常连同一公司的其他部门也是如此\n保密的程度自然会有很大的差异。\n一些大公司从事的研究具有普遍性和基础性\n对它们来说，不保密反而更有利\n然而，许多依赖此类研究的工艺流程在可以申请专利前都完全保密\n甚至更多的工艺流程根本不申请专利，而是作为秘密工艺保存\n这尤其适用于化学工业领域。\n在化学工业中，偶然发现的作用比在物理和机械工业中大得多\n有时保密到了连研究的性质都不能提及的程度\n例如，许多公司在从图书馆获取技术类或科学类书籍时遇到了很大的困难。\n因为不愿让借阅记录显示他们借了某本书\n生怕其他公司的探子会由此追踪到他们可能在进行的研究",
+    "text": "Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. \nOne is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, \nthe other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. \nIn so far as any inquiry is a secret one, \nit naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, \nor even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. \nThe degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. \nSome of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature \nthat it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. \nYet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. \nEven more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. \nThis applies particularly to chemical industries, \nwhere chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. \nSometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. \nMany firms, for instance have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries \nbecause they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book, \nfor fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.\n\n--J.D. BERNAL The Social Function of Science--",
+    "textTranslate": "有两个因素严重阻碍了工业领域科学研究的有效性 \n一是进行研究的整体保密氛围 \n另一方面，还存在着个体研究人员缺乏自由的问题。 \n只要任何调查都是保密的（即不对外公开的）， \n这自然会限制所有参与研究的人员与国外或大学的同行科学家进行有效接触 \n甚至常常连同一公司的其他部门也是如此 \n保密的程度自然会有很大的差异。 \n一些大公司从事的研究具有普遍性和基础性 \n对它们来说，不保密反而更有利 \n然而，许多依赖此类研究的工艺流程在可以申请专利前都完全保密 \n甚至更多的工艺流程根本不申请专利，而是作为秘密工艺保存 \n这尤其适用于化学工业领域。 \n在化学工业中，偶然发现的作用比在物理和机械工业中大得多 \n有时保密到了连研究的性质都不能提及的程度 \n例如，许多公司在从图书馆获取技术类或科学类书籍时遇到了很大的困难。 \n因为不愿让借阅记录显示他们借了某本书 \n生怕其他公司的探子会由此追踪到他们可能在进行的研究 \n\n--J.D.BERNAL科学的社会功能--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.68,
       "text": "Why is secrecy particularly important in the chemical industries?",
@@ -293,13 +303,15 @@
     "id": "qSR7wC",
     "title": "The modern city",
     "titleTranslate": "现代城市",
-    "text": "In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected.\nModern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost,\nin order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.\nIt has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines,\nand without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.\nThe great cities have been built with no regard for us.\nThe shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground,\nand of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.\nThis caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.\nCivilized men like such a way of living.\nWhile they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.\nThe modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases,\ntorn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.\nObviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.",
-    "textTranslate": "在工业生活的组织结构中，工厂对工人生理和心理状态的影响完全被忽视了。\n现代工业建立在“以最低成本实现最大生产”的理念之上。\n这样，个人或某个群体就能赚取尽可能多的钱。\n它一直在不断扩张，却对那些操控这些机器的人的真实本质一无所知。\n而且，完全没有考虑到工厂所强加的这种人工生活方式对个人及其后代所产生的影响。\n这些伟大的城市是在完全无视我们的存在的情况下建造的。\n摩天大楼的形状和尺寸完全取决于实现“每平方英尺土地带来最高收入”这一目标的需要。\n并且为租户提供他们满意的办公室和公寓。\n这导致了巨型建筑物的出现，这些建筑物里挤满了大量的人口。\n文明人喜欢这样的生活方式。\n虽然他们享受着住所带来的舒适与平庸的奢华，却没有意识到自己被剥夺了生活必需品。\n现代城市由巨大的建筑物以及狭窄、昏暗的街道组成；这些街道里弥漫着汽油烟雾和有毒气体。\n出租车、卡车和公交车的噪音撕裂着这里的宁静，人群川流不息，络绎不绝。\n显然，这一切的规划并非是为了居民们的利益着想。",
+    "text": "In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. \nModern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, \nin order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. \nIt has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, \nand without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. \nThe great cities have been built with no regard for us. \nThe shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, \nand of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. \nThis caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. \nCivilized men like such a way of living. \nWhile they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. \nThe modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, \ntorn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. \nObviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.\n\n--ALEXIS CARREL Man, the Unknown--",
+    "textTranslate": "在工业生活的组织结构中，工厂对工人生理和心理状态的影响完全被忽视了。 \n现代工业建立在“以最低成本实现最大生产”的理念之上。 \n这样，个人或某个群体就能赚取尽可能多的钱。 \n它一直在不断扩张，却对那些操控这些机器的人的真实本质一无所知。 \n而且，完全没有考虑到工厂所强加的这种人工生活方式对个人及其后代所产生的影响。 \n这些伟大的城市是在完全无视我们的存在的情况下建造的。 \n摩天大楼的形状和尺寸完全取决于实现“每平方英尺土地带来最高收入”这一目标的需要。 \n并且为租户提供他们满意的办公室和公寓。 \n这导致了巨型建筑物的出现，这些建筑物里挤满了大量的人口。 \n文明人喜欢这样的生活方式。 \n虽然他们享受着住所带来的舒适与平庸的奢华，却没有意识到自己被剥夺了生活必需品。 \n现代城市由巨大的建筑物以及狭窄、昏暗的街道组成；这些街道里弥漫着汽油烟雾和有毒气体。 \n出租车、卡车和公交车的噪音撕裂着这里的宁静，人群川流不息，络绎不绝。 \n显然，这一切的规划并非是为了居民们的利益着想。\n\n--ALEXIS CARREL未知之人--",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/16－The Modern City.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.5,
       "text": "What is the author's main argument about the modern city?",
@@ -311,13 +323,15 @@
     "id": "PAQ0Xd",
     "title": "A man-made disease",
     "titleTranslate": "人为的疾病",
-    "text": "In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.\nThis rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.\nIt overran a whole continent.\nIt caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.\nScientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.\nBy infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.\nLater it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.\nSo while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.\nIt effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabit population.\nIt later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease,\nso that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.\nThere were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.\nIronically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.\nA French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.\nIt did not, however, remain within the confines of this estate.\nIt spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply,\nand it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits,\nequally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.\nThe question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.",
-    "textTranslate": "在澳大利亚殖民初期，一些富有进取心的移民不慎将欧洲野兔引入了该地区。\n这种兔子在澳大利亚没有天敌，因此它们以兔子特有的毫无节制的繁殖力大量滋生。\n它席卷了整个大陆。\n这种生物通过挖掘洞穴以及啃食本可以养活数百万只羊和牛的牧草，造成了严重的破坏。\n科学家发现，这种特定的兔子品种（显然其他动物都没有这种特性）容易感染一种致命的病毒性疾病——黏液瘤病。\n通过感染动物并将其放回洞穴，就可以在当地制造这种疾病的流行。\n后来发现，有一种蚊子是这种疾病的传播媒介，它们将这些病毒传染给了兔子。\n当世界上其他国家都在努力消灭蚊子时，澳大利亚却在鼓励蚊子的存在。\n它有效地将这种疾病传播到整个大陆，并使兔子数量急剧减少。\n后来发现，兔子对这种疾病逐渐产生了抵抗力。\n这样一来，兔子种群就不太可能被彻底消灭了。\n然而，人们仍抱有希望，认为这个问题最终是可以得到控制的。\n具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲将兔子这种害兽引入澳大利亚，结果自己却因此染上了这种由人类活动引发的疾病，并将其视为一种瘟疫。\n一位法国医生决定清除自己庄园里的野兔，于是引入了黏液瘤病。\n然而，它并没有停留在这片地产的范围内。\n它蔓延到法国，在那里野兔通常不被视为害兽，而是作为一种狩猎对象和有用的食物来源。\n它又传播到英国，在那里野兔被视为害兽，而家兔\n这些动物同样容易感染这种疾病，但它们却是利润丰厚的毛皮产业的基础。\n问题变成了：人类是否能够控制自己所发明的这种疾病。",
+    "text": "In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. \nThis rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. \nIt overran a whole continent. \nIt caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. \nScientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. \nBy infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. \nLater it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. \nSo while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. \nIt effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabit population. \nIt later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, \nso that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated. \nThere were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.\n\nIronically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. \nA French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. \nIt did not, however, remain within the confines of this estate. \nIt spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, \nand it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, \nequally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. \nThe question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.\n\n--RITCHIE CALDER Science Makes Sense--",
+    "textTranslate": "在澳大利亚殖民初期，一些富有进取心的移民不慎将欧洲野兔引入了该地区。 \n这种兔子在澳大利亚没有天敌，因此它们以兔子特有的毫无节制的繁殖力大量滋生。 \n它席卷了整个大陆。 \n这种生物通过挖掘洞穴以及啃食本可以养活数百万只羊和牛的牧草，造成了严重的破坏。 \n科学家发现，这种特定的兔子品种（显然其他动物都没有这种特性）容易感染一种致命的病毒性疾病——黏液瘤病。 \n通过感染动物并将其放回洞穴，就可以在当地制造这种疾病的流行。 \n后来发现，有一种蚊子是这种疾病的传播媒介，它们将这些病毒传染给了兔子。 \n当世界上其他国家都在努力消灭蚊子时，澳大利亚却在鼓励蚊子的存在。 \n它有效地将这种疾病传播到整个大陆，并使兔子数量急剧减少。 \n后来发现，兔子对这种疾病逐渐产生了抵抗力。 \n这样一来，兔子种群就不太可能被彻底消灭了。 \n然而，人们仍抱有希望，认为这个问题最终是可以得到控制的。 \n\n具有讽刺意味的是，欧洲将兔子这种害兽引入澳大利亚，结果自己却因此染上了这种由人类活动引发的疾病，并将其视为一种瘟疫。 \n一位法国医生决定清除自己庄园里的野兔，于是引入了黏液瘤病。 \n然而，它并没有停留在这片地产的范围内。 \n它蔓延到法国，在那里野兔通常不被视为害兽，而是作为一种狩猎对象和有用的食物来源。 \n它又传播到英国，在那里野兔被视为害兽，而家兔 \n这些动物同样容易感染这种疾病，但它们却是利润丰厚的毛皮产业的基础。 \n问题变成了：人类是否能够控制自己所发明的这种疾病。 \n\n--瑞奇·卡尔德 科学有道理--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.76,
       "text": "What factor helped to spread the disease of myxomatosis?",
@@ -329,13 +343,15 @@
     "id": "ty3Tv-",
     "title": "Porpoises",
     "titleTranslate": "海豚",
-    "text": "There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface,\nor protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.\nMarine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be,\nit is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of life-saving.\nOn the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport,\nas in riding the bow waves of a ship.\nIn 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress.\nIf, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks,\nit may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks.\nPorpoises and sharks are natural enemies.\nIt is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed.\nWhether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive.\nThey are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities.\nOne young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout,\nand then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane.\nAlmost any day a young porpoises may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life.\nThis is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together.\nIn another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly.\nThis knocks the turtle down several feet.\nHe no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoises comes along and hits him another crack.\nEventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank.\nHe is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat.\nThe turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over.",
-    "textTranslate": "长期以来，水手们一直有一种迷信：海豚会通过将溺水者推向水面来拯救他们。\n或者通过形成防御阵型来保护它们免受鲨鱼的攻击。\n海洋工作室的生物学家指出，无论它们多么聪明，\n将海豚的行为归因于“拯救生命”的动机，很可能是一种错误的看法。\n在它们将失去意识的人推向岸边的那些情况下，它们这么做很可能是出于好奇心或为了玩耍，\n就像它们喜欢乘着船头浪一样。\n1928年，有人拍到了一些海豚正在像海狸一样辛勤地工作，将一个被水浸透的床垫推上岸。\n如果真如报道所说，它们确实保护过人类免受鲨鱼攻击，\n可能是因为好奇心驱使他们前来，也可能是食物的气味吸引了那些鲨鱼。\n海豚和鲨鱼是天生的敌人。\n在这种情况下，很可能会发生一场战斗：鲨鱼们要么被驱赶走，要么被杀死。\n无论是鸟、鱼还是兽，鼠海豚对所有活物都着迷。\n它们总是追逐海龟，而海龟则温顺地忍受着各种戏弄。\n有一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟顶到水面，\n然后像推动水上滑板一样把他推过那个水箱。\n几乎每天都能看到小海豚试图把一只300磅重的海龟翻个底朝天：它们把鼻子伸到海龟壳边缘，拼尽全力往上顶。\n这并不容易，可能需要两只海豚共同协作才能完成。\n在另一个游戏中，当海龟游过海洋馆时，第一只海豚从上方俯冲下来，用腹部撞击龟壳。\n这一撞把海龟撞下去好几英尺。\n它刚恢复平衡，下一只海豚就过来又撞了一下。\n最后海龟被一路撞到了水族箱底部。\n这时海龟只求能站起来，可刚一站起来，海豚就又把它撞翻了。\n海龟最终放弃，把脚缩进壳里，游戏就此结束。",
+    "text": "There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, \nor protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation. \nMarine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, \nit is probably a mistake to credit dolphins with any motive of life-saving. \nOn the occasions when they have pushed to shore an unconscious human being they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, \nas in riding the bow waves of a ship. \nIn 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. \nIf, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, \nit may have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. \nPorpoises and sharks are natural enemies. \nIt is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed.\n\nWhether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. \nThey are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities. \nOne young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout, \nand then shoving him across the tank like an aquaplane. \nAlmost any day a young porpoises may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushing up for dear life. \nThis is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. \nIn another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. \nThis knocks the turtle down several feet. \nHe no sooner recovers his equilibrium than the next porpoises comes along and hits him another crack. \nEventually the turtle has been butted all the way down to the floor of the tank. \nHe is now satisfied merely to try to stand up, but as soon as he does so a porpoise knocks him flat. \nThe turtle at last gives up by pulling his feet under his shell and the game is over.\n\n--RALPH NADING HILL Window in the Sea--",
+    "textTranslate": "长期以来，水手们一直有一种迷信：海豚会通过将溺水者推向水面来拯救他们。 \n或者通过形成防御阵型来保护它们免受鲨鱼的攻击。 \n海洋工作室的生物学家指出，无论它们多么聪明， \n将海豚的行为归因于“拯救生命”的动机，很可能是一种错误的看法。 \n在它们将失去意识的人推向岸边的那些情况下，它们这么做很可能是出于好奇心或为了玩耍， \n就像它们喜欢乘着船头浪一样。 \n1928年，有人拍到了一些海豚正在像海狸一样辛勤地工作，将一个被水浸透的床垫推上岸。 \n如果真如报道所说，它们确实保护过人类免受鲨鱼攻击， \n可能是因为好奇心驱使他们前来，也可能是食物的气味吸引了那些鲨鱼。 \n海豚和鲨鱼是天生的敌人。 \n在这种情况下，很可能会发生一场战斗：鲨鱼们要么被驱赶走，要么被杀死。 \n\n无论是鸟、鱼还是兽，鼠海豚对所有活物都着迷。 \n它们总是追逐海龟，而海龟则温顺地忍受着各种戏弄。 \n有一只小海豚特别喜欢用鼻子把海龟顶到水面， \n然后像推动水上滑板一样把他推过那个水箱。 \n几乎每天都能看到小海豚试图把一只300磅重的海龟翻个底朝天：它们把鼻子伸到海龟壳边缘，拼尽全力往上顶。 \n这并不容易，可能需要两只海豚共同协作才能完成。 \n在另一个游戏中，当海龟游过海洋馆时，第一只海豚从上方俯冲下来，用腹部撞击龟壳。 \n这一撞把海龟撞下去好几英尺。 \n它刚恢复平衡，下一只海豚就过来又撞了一下。 \n最后海龟被一路撞到了水族箱底部。 \n这时海龟只求能站起来，可刚一站起来，海豚就又把它撞翻了。 \n海龟最终放弃，把脚缩进壳里，游戏就此结束。 \n\n--RALPH NADING HILL 海上之窗--",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/18－Porpoises.mp3",
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       "start": 9,
       "text": "What would you say is the main characteristic of porpoises?",
@@ -347,13 +363,15 @@
     "id": "umusgR",
     "title": "The stuff of dreams",
     "titleTranslate": "话说梦的本质",
-    "text": "It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.\nSpeculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years,\nand one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.\n'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.\nThe body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.\nIn fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.\nIf it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting?\nThis might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.\nFirst the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp)\nshows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep,\nthere is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less.\nThe second factor is more interesting and more fundamental.\nSome years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.\nHe showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.\nPeople woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.\nWhen woken at other times they reported no dreams.\nIf one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end,\nand another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements,\nthe first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected.\nThe implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.",
-    "textTranslate": "很明显，睡眠一定具有某种功能，而且由于这种状态持续的时间很长，因此这种功能必定非常重要。\n关于睡眠本质的猜测已经持续了数千年之久。\n一个令人困惑的现象是：睡眠似乎并不仅仅是让身体休息的过程。\n从肌肉放松的角度来看，即使只是短暂地躺下或坐着，也能达到休息的效果。\n人体组织本身具备自我修复和恢复的功能，而且在保持一定程度的活动状态下，其功能才能达到最佳状态。\n事实上，睡眠期间确实会发生一些活动，这些活动专门用于防止肌肉长时间处于静止状态。\n如果睡眠的目的不是为了让身体休息，那么或许大脑才是需要休息的对象？\n如果不是有两个因素的话，这或许是一个合理的假设。\n首先，脑电图（这是一种通过将电极贴在头皮上来记录大脑电活动的简单装置）\n研究表明，虽然睡眠期间的活动模式会发生变化，\n没有证据表明总体活动量有任何减少。\n第二个因素更加有趣，也更为根本。\n几年前，一位名叫威廉·德门特（William Dement）的美国精神病学家发表了一项研究，该研究记录了人们在睡眠期间的眼球运动情况。\n他发现，普通人的睡眠周期中会伴随着一些特殊的眼球运动现象：有些眼球运动较为缓慢、平稳，而另一些则突然、快速地发生。\n在眼球运动期间被唤醒的人通常报告说他们正在做梦。\n在其他时间被唤醒时，他们表示自己没有做任何梦。\n如果有一组人的眼球运动睡眠（REM sleep）连续几个晚上都被中断的话……\n另一组人在同样长的时间内受到干扰，但干扰时他们并没有表现出眼球运动，\n第一组开始出现一些人格障碍的症状，而其他组则几乎没有受到影响。\n所有这些现象表明，重要的不是睡眠受到干扰，而是做梦受到干扰。",
+    "text": "It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. \nSpeculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, \nand one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. \n'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. \nThe body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. \nIn fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity. \n\nIf it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? \nThis might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. \nFirst the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) \nshows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, \nthere is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. \nThe second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. \nSome years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. \nHe showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. \nPeople woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. \nWhen woken at other times they reported no dreams. \nIf one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, \nand another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, \nthe first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. \nThe implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.\n\n--CHRISTOPHER EVANS The stuff of dreams from The Listener--",
+    "textTranslate": "很明显，睡眠一定具有某种功能，而且由于这种状态持续的时间很长，因此这种功能必定非常重要。 \n关于睡眠本质的猜测已经持续了数千年之久。 \n一个令人困惑的现象是：睡眠似乎并不仅仅是让身体休息的过程。 \n从肌肉放松的角度来看，即使只是短暂地躺下或坐着，也能达到休息的效果。 \n人体组织本身具备自我修复和恢复的功能，而且在保持一定程度的活动状态下，其功能才能达到最佳状态。 \n事实上，睡眠期间确实会发生一些活动，这些活动专门用于防止肌肉长时间处于静止状态。 \n\n如果睡眠的目的不是为了让身体休息，那么或许大脑才是需要休息的对象？ \n如果不是有两个因素的话，这或许是一个合理的假设。 \n首先，脑电图（这是一种通过将电极贴在头皮上来记录大脑电活动的简单装置） \n研究表明，虽然睡眠期间的活动模式会发生变化， \n没有证据表明总体活动量有任何减少。 \n第二个因素更加有趣，也更为根本。 \n几年前，一位名叫威廉·德门特（William Dement）的美国精神病学家发表了一项研究，该研究记录了人们在睡眠期间的眼球运动情况。 \n他发现，普通人的睡眠周期中会伴随着一些特殊的眼球运动现象：有些眼球运动较为缓慢、平稳，而另一些则突然、快速地发生。 \n在眼球运动期间被唤醒的人通常报告说他们正在做梦。 \n在其他时间被唤醒时，他们表示自己没有做任何梦。 \n如果有一组人的眼球运动睡眠（REM sleep）连续几个晚上都被中断的话…… \n另一组人在同样长的时间内受到干扰，但干扰时他们并没有表现出眼球运动， \n第一组开始出现一些人格障碍的症状，而其他组则几乎没有受到影响。 \n所有这些现象表明，重要的不是睡眠受到干扰，而是做梦受到干扰。\n\n--克里斯托弗·埃文斯《倾听者》中的梦境--",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/19－The Stuff of Dreams.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.86,
       "text": "What is going on when a person experiences rapid eye-movements during sleep?",
@@ -365,13 +383,15 @@
     "id": "1sj9JK",
     "title": "Snake poison",
     "titleTranslate": "蛇毒",
-    "text": "How in came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery.\nOver the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.\nIt was not forced upon them by the survival competition;\nthey could have caught and lived on prey without using poison, just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do.\nPoison to a snake is merely a luxury;\nit enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite.\nAnd why only snakes?\nCats, for instance, would be greatly helped;\nno running fights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits--just a bite and no more effort needed.\nIn fact, it would be an assistance to all carnivores though it would be a two-edged weapon when they fought each other.\nBut, of the vertebrates unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard).\nOne wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency.\nIn the conversion of saliva into poison, one might suppose that a fixed process took place. It did not;\nsome snakes manufactured a poison different in every respect from that of others,\nas different as arsenic is from strychnine, and having different effects.\nOne poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood.\nThe makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic.\nVipers (adders) and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison, which is known as haemolytic.\nBoth poisons are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison.\nIt is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula.\nBe that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.\nThis, however, means nothing.\nSnakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice,\nand the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate.",
-    "textTranslate": "蛇是如何制造出毒液的，这至今是个谜。\n经过漫长的岁月，它们的唾液——一种像我们一样的温和消化液——变成了毒液，这种毒液甚至今天都难以分析。\n这种毒液的产生并非出于生存竞争的必然；\n它们本可以不使用毒液就捕获猎物并赖以为生，就像现在成千上万的无毒蛇那样。\n对蛇来说，毒液其实是一种“奢侈品”；\n它让蛇能够毫不费力地捕获猎物，只需轻轻一咬即可。\n那么，为什么只有蛇会拥有毒液呢？\n以猫为例，毒液对它们来说同样大有帮助：\n不用与又大又凶的老鼠追逐打斗，也不用和成年兔子扭打——只需咬一口，再不用费力。\n事实上，这对所有食肉动物来说都是一种帮助；不过当它们互相争斗时，这也会成为一把“双刃剑”（即既有利也有弊）。\n但是，在脊椎动物中，难以捉摸的大自然只选择了蛇（和一种蜥蜴）。\n人们也奇怪，为什么大自然在某些蛇身上调制出如此猛烈的毒药。\n在唾液变成毒液的过程中，人们可能会认为有一个固定的过程发生。但事实并非如此；\n有些蛇产生的毒液在各个方面都与其他蛇产生的毒液不同。\n就像砒霜和马钱子碱不同那样，并且效果也不同。\n一种毒物作用于神经系统，另一种则作用于血液。\n制造这种神经毒素的动物包括曼巴蛇和眼镜蛇，它们的毒液被称为神经毒素（neurotoxic venom）。\n蝰蛇和响尾蛇会分泌一种血液毒素，这种毒素被称为“溶血毒素”（haemolytic toxin）。\n两种毒液都令人不快，但远比神经毒液更令人不快的是血液毒液。\n据说，神经毒液是两者中较原始的一种，而血液毒液，可以这么说，是改良配方后的新产品。\n尽管如此，这种神经毒素对人体的影响速度要比血液毒素快得多。\n然而，这毫无意义。\n蛇之所以拥有毒液，并不是为了用来对付人类，而是为了捕杀老鼠等猎物。\n而蝰蛇毒液对这些动物的效果几乎是立竿见影的。",
+    "text": "How in came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. \nOver the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today. \nIt was not forced upon them by the survival competition; \nthey could have caught and lived on prey without using poison, just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do. \nPoison to a snake is merely a luxury; \nit enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite. \nAnd why only snakes? \nCats, for instance, would be greatly helped; \nno running fights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits--just a bite and no more effort needed. \nIn fact, it would be an assistance to all carnivores though it would be a two-edged weapon when they fought each other. \nBut, of the vertebrates unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard). \nOne wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency.\n\nIn the conversion of saliva into poison, one might suppose that a fixed process took place. It did not; \nsome snakes manufactured a poison different in every respect from that of others, \nas different as arsenic is from strychnine, and having different effects. \nOne poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood.\n\nThe makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic. \nVipers (adders) and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison, which is known as haemolytic. \nBoth poisons are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison. \nIt is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula. \nBe that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. \nThis, however, means nothing. \nSnakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice, \nand the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate.\n\n--JOHN CROMPTON The snake--",
+    "textTranslate": "蛇是如何制造出毒液的，这至今是个谜。 \n经过漫长的岁月，它们的唾液——一种像我们一样的温和消化液——变成了毒液，这种毒液甚至今天都难以分析。 \n这种毒液的产生并非出于生存竞争的必然； \n它们本可以不使用毒液就捕获猎物并赖以为生，就像现在成千上万的无毒蛇那样。 \n对蛇来说，毒液其实是一种“奢侈品”； \n它让蛇能够毫不费力地捕获猎物，只需轻轻一咬即可。 \n那么，为什么只有蛇会拥有毒液呢？ \n以猫为例，毒液对它们来说同样大有帮助： \n不用与又大又凶的老鼠追逐打斗，也不用和成年兔子扭打——只需咬一口，再不用费力。 \n事实上，这对所有食肉动物来说都是一种帮助；不过当它们互相争斗时，这也会成为一把“双刃剑”（即既有利也有弊）。 \n但是，在脊椎动物中，难以捉摸的大自然只选择了蛇（和一种蜥蜴）。 \n人们也奇怪，为什么大自然在某些蛇身上调制出如此猛烈的毒药。 \n\n在唾液变成毒液的过程中，人们可能会认为有一个固定的过程发生。但事实并非如此； \n有些蛇产生的毒液在各个方面都与其他蛇产生的毒液不同。 \n就像砒霜和马钱子碱不同那样，并且效果也不同。 \n一种毒物作用于神经系统，另一种则作用于血液。 \n\n制造这种神经毒素的动物包括曼巴蛇和眼镜蛇，它们的毒液被称为神经毒素（neurotoxic venom）。 \n蝰蛇和响尾蛇会分泌一种血液毒素，这种毒素被称为“溶血毒素”（haemolytic toxin）。 \n两种毒液都令人不快，但远比神经毒液更令人不快的是血液毒液。 \n据说，神经毒液是两者中较原始的一种，而血液毒液，可以这么说，是改良配方后的新产品。 \n尽管如此，这种神经毒素对人体的影响速度要比血液毒素快得多。 \n然而，这毫无意义。 \n蛇之所以拥有毒液，并不是为了用来对付人类，而是为了捕杀老鼠等猎物。 \n而蝰蛇毒液对这些动物的效果几乎是立竿见影的。 \n\n--约翰·克朗普顿 蛇--",
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       "start": 8.79,
       "text": "What are the two different ways in which snake poison acts?",
@@ -383,13 +403,15 @@
     "id": "xQiDGi",
     "title": "William S. Hart and the early 'Western' film",
     "titleTranslate": "威廉.S. 哈特和早期\"西部\"影片",
-    "text": "William S.Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars,\nfor unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.\nFrom 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged.\nIt was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film,\nand devised the protagonist he played in every film he made,\nthe good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw,\nor the honest, but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip;\nin short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.\nUnlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood,\nHart actually knew something of the old West.\nHe had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing,\nand his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences,\nand in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier,\nAnd although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized,\nmyth and reality did join hands in at least one arena,\nthe conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.\nMen accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians\nwere bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen,\nand unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.\nHart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited,\nand if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way,\nhis early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive,\nespecially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.\nAudiences in the second decade of the twentieth century\nfound it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.\nWe still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy,\nchicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives,\nwe all want a code to live by.",
-    "textTranslate": "与加里·库珀和约翰·韦恩不同，他只出演西部片。\n与加里·库珀（Gary Cooper）和约翰·韦恩（John Wayne）不同，他只出演过西部片（Westerns）。\n从 1914 年到 1924 年，他一直是无可争议的领袖，无人能够与他竞争。\n正是哈特创造了西部片的基本模式。\n并为他出演的每部电影都设计了主角形象，\n即亦正亦邪的人，意外成为亡命之徒却品格高尚的人，\n或者是那个诚实却被诬陷的牛仔，又或者是那个因恶毒的谣言而受到怀疑的警长……\n简而言之，这是一个与自己及边疆环境冲突的人。\n与好莱坞的大多数同时代人不同，\n哈特其实对美国西部历史有所了解。\n他小时候就生活在那里，那时西部文明已逐渐消逝；\n他的英雄形象深深植根于他的记忆与经历之中，\n以及那片消失的边疆的历史与传说之中。\n尽管美国历史上没有哪个时期或地点被如此荒谬地浪漫化了，\n但在至少一点上，神话与现实确实交汇在了一起——\n那就是个人与不断扩张的文明之间的冲突。\n那些习惯了与自然环境及印第安人抗争以求生存的人们，\n却被政客、银行家和商人搞得无所适从；\n被围栏、法律和陌生的禁忌拉下马。\n哈特笔下的亦正亦邪者永远是局外人，永远是被剥夺继承权的人，\n如果他觉得有必要开枪打死警长或抢劫银行，他也会这么做。\n他的早期观众很容易理解并原谅他。\n尤其是当最终由哈特击败了来犯的印第安人时。\n二十世纪第二个十年的观众群体\n觉得逃回到那个虽然艰苦但相对简单的时代是件愉快的事。\n我们至今仍然如此；生活在一个充满不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、\n欺诈、混乱以及即将到来的毁灭，都是我们日常生活的一部分。\n我们都希望有一套可以遵循的准则或规则来指导我们的行为。",
+    "text": "William S.Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, \nfor unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. \nFrom 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. \nIt was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, \nand devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, \nthe good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw, \nor the honest, but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; \nin short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.\n\nUnlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, \nHart actually knew something of the old West. \nHe had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, \nand his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, \nand in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier, \nAnd although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, \nmyth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, \nthe conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.\n\nMen accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians \nwere bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, \nand unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos. \nHart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, \nand if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, \nhis early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, \nespecially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians. \nAudiences in the second decade of the twentieth century \nfound it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple. \nWe still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, \nchicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, \nwe all want a code to live by.\n\n--CARL FOREMAN Virtue and a Fast Gun from The Observer--",
+    "textTranslate": "与加里·库珀和约翰·韦恩不同，他只出演西部片。 \n与加里·库珀（Gary Cooper）和约翰·韦恩（John Wayne）不同，他只出演过西部片（Westerns）。 \n从 1914 年到 1924 年，他一直是无可争议的领袖，无人能够与他竞争。 \n正是哈特创造了西部片的基本模式。 \n并为他出演的每部电影都设计了主角形象， \n即亦正亦邪的人，意外成为亡命之徒却品格高尚的人， \n或者是那个诚实却被诬陷的牛仔，又或者是那个因恶毒的谣言而受到怀疑的警长…… \n简而言之，这是一个与自己及边疆环境冲突的人。 \n\n与好莱坞的大多数同时代人不同， \n哈特其实对美国西部历史有所了解。 \n他小时候就生活在那里，那时西部文明已逐渐消逝； \n他的英雄形象深深植根于他的记忆与经历之中， \n以及那片消失的边疆的历史与传说之中。 \n尽管美国历史上没有哪个时期或地点被如此荒谬地浪漫化了， \n但在至少一点上，神话与现实确实交汇在了一起—— \n那就是个人与不断扩张的文明之间的冲突。 \n\n那些习惯了与自然环境及印第安人抗争以求生存的人们， \n却被政客、银行家和商人搞得无所适从； \n被围栏、法律和陌生的禁忌拉下马。 \n哈特笔下的亦正亦邪者永远是局外人，永远是被剥夺继承权的人， \n如果他觉得有必要开枪打死警长或抢劫银行，他也会这么做。 \n他的早期观众很容易理解并原谅他。 \n尤其是当最终由哈特击败了来犯的印第安人时。 \n二十世纪第二个十年的观众群体 \n觉得逃回到那个虽然艰苦但相对简单的时代是件愉快的事。 \n我们至今仍然如此；生活在一个充满不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、 \n欺诈、混乱以及即将到来的毁灭，都是我们日常生活的一部分。 \n我们都希望有一套可以遵循的准则或规则来指导我们的行为。 \n\n--卡尔·福尔曼的美德与《观察家报》的快枪--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 13.65,
       "text": "How did William Hart's childhood prepare him for his acting role in Western films?",
@@ -401,13 +423,15 @@
     "id": "mEx2AT",
     "title": "Knowledge and progress",
     "titleTranslate": "知识和进步",
-    "text": "Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world?\nSurely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us\nand is becoming more and more manifest.\nAlthough mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality,\nit has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.\nKnowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual\ncould be communicated to another by means of speech.\nWith the invention of writing, a great advance was made,\nfor knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored.\nLibraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries:\nthe growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law,\nwhich was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.\nAll this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science,\nthe tempo was suddenly raised.\nThen knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan.\nThe trickle became a stream: the stream has now become a torrent.\nMoreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account.\nWhat is called 'modern civilization'\nis not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature,\nbut of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.\nThe problem now facing humanity is:\nWhat is going to be done with all this knowledge?\nAs is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon\nwhich can be used equally for good or evil.\nIt is now being used indifferently for both.\nCould any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical\nthan that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies\nwhile, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?\nWe have to ask ourselves very seriously\nwhat will happen if this twofold use of knowledge,\nwith its ever-increasing power, continues.",
-    "textTranslate": "为什么“进步”的概念在现代社会中显得如此重要（或者说，为什么人们对“进步”的追求如此强烈）？\n肯定是因为某种形式的进步正在我们周围实实在在地发生着。\n而且这种现象正变得越来越明显（或：这种现象正逐渐变得清晰可见）。\n尽管人类的智力或道德水平并没有普遍性的提升，\n在知识的积累方面，它取得了非凡的进展。\n一旦某个人的思想能够通过语言传达给另一个人，知识就开始增加了。\n通过语言的方式。\n随着文字的发明，人类社会取得了巨大的进步。\n这样一来，知识不仅可以被传播，还可以被储存起来。\n图书馆使教育成为可能，而教育又反过来促进了图书馆的发展（即促进了图书馆资源的丰富与建设）。\n知识的增长遵循了一种类似于“复利”的规律。\n这一情况因印刷术的发明而得到了极大的促进。\n在科学出现之前，所有这些发展都相对缓慢。\n节奏突然加快了。\n于是，知识开始按照系统的计划被逐步积累起来。\n起初只是细小的水流，后来逐渐汇聚成了一条小溪；如今，这条小溪已经变成了湍急的急流。\n此外，一旦获得了新的知识，就会立即将其应用于实际中。\n所谓的'现代文明'\n这并不是人类所有天性得到平衡发展的结果。\n而是积累的知识应用于实际生活的结果。\n人类现在面临的问题是：\n这些知识将会被用来做什么呢？\n正如人们经常指出的那样，知识是一把双刃剑。\n既可以用于行善，也可以用于作恶。\n而现在，它被不加区分地用于这两种目的。\n比如说，还有哪种场景能比这更加荒诞、又充满阴郁的幽默感呢？\n炮手们利用科学来摧毁人体，\n而近在咫尺的外科医生却用它来修复人体？\n我们必须非常严肃地问自己一个问题。\n如果这种对知识的双重使用，\n在其力量不断增强的情况下继续下去，会发生什么？",
+    "text": "Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? \nSurely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us \nand is becoming more and more manifest. \nAlthough mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, \nit has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. \nKnowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual \ncould be communicated to another by means of speech. \nWith the invention of writing, a great advance was made, \nfor knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. \nLibraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: \nthe growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, \nwhich was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. \nAll this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, \nthe tempo was suddenly raised. \nThen knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. \nThe trickle became a stream: the stream has now become a torrent. \nMoreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. \nWhat is called 'modern civilization' \nis not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, \nbut of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. \nThe problem now facing humanity is: \nWhat is going to be done with all this knowledge? \nAs is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon \nwhich can be used equally for good or evil. \nIt is now being used indifferently for both. \nCould any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical \nthan that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies \nwhile, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? \nWe have to ask ourselves very seriously \nwhat will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, \nwith its ever-increasing power, continues.\n\n--G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man--",
+    "textTranslate": "为什么“进步”的概念在现代社会中显得如此重要（或者说，为什么人们对“进步”的追求如此强烈）？ \n肯定是因为某种形式的进步正在我们周围实实在在地发生着。 \n而且这种现象正变得越来越明显（或：这种现象正逐渐变得清晰可见）。 \n尽管人类的智力或道德水平并没有普遍性的提升， \n在知识的积累方面，它取得了非凡的进展。 \n一旦某个人的思想能够通过语言传达给另一个人，知识就开始增加了。 \n通过语言的方式。 \n随着文字的发明，人类社会取得了巨大的进步。 \n这样一来，知识不仅可以被传播，还可以被储存起来。 \n图书馆使教育成为可能，而教育又反过来促进了图书馆的发展（即促进了图书馆资源的丰富与建设）。 \n知识的增长遵循了一种类似于“复利”的规律。 \n这一情况因印刷术的发明而得到了极大的促进。 \n在科学出现之前，所有这些发展都相对缓慢。 \n节奏突然加快了。 \n于是，知识开始按照系统的计划被逐步积累起来。 \n起初只是细小的水流，后来逐渐汇聚成了一条小溪；如今，这条小溪已经变成了湍急的急流。 \n此外，一旦获得了新的知识，就会立即将其应用于实际中。 \n所谓的'现代文明' \n这并不是人类所有天性得到平衡发展的结果。 \n而是积累的知识应用于实际生活的结果。 \n人类现在面临的问题是： \n这些知识将会被用来做什么呢？ \n正如人们经常指出的那样，知识是一把双刃剑。 \n既可以用于行善，也可以用于作恶。 \n而现在，它被不加区分地用于这两种目的。 \n比如说，还有哪种场景能比这更加荒诞、又充满阴郁的幽默感呢？ \n炮手们利用科学来摧毁人体， \n而近在咫尺的外科医生却用它来修复人体？ \n我们必须非常严肃地问自己一个问题。 \n如果这种对知识的双重使用， \n在其力量不断增强的情况下继续下去，会发生什么？ \n\n--G.N.M.TYRRELL《人的个性》--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 8.93,
       "text": "In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all?",
@@ -419,13 +443,15 @@
     "id": "v9Lgjx",
     "title": "Bird flight",
     "titleTranslate": "鸟的飞行方法",
-    "text": "No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight;\nthe varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen.\nAny ship that crosses the Pacific\nis accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross,\nwhich may keep company with the vessel for an hour\nwithout visible or more than occasional movement of wing.\nThe currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards,\nas well as in the line of its course,\nare enough to give the great bird with its immense wings\nsufficient sustenance and progress.\nThe albatross is the king of the gliders,\nthe class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose,\nbut must yield to its opposition.\nIn the contrary school, the duck is supreme.\nIt comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts.\nDuck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles,\nthat are a good part of the weight of the bird,\nand these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power\nthat they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale\nbefore exhaustion follows.\nTheir humbler followers, such as partridges,\nhave a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire.\nYou may pick them up in utter exhaustion,\nif wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.\nThe swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure.\nIt tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air\ntravelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home,\nfeeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium\nthat seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.\nSuch birds do us good,\nthough we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that;\nand even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.",
-    "textTranslate": "没有两种鸟类的飞行方式是完全相同的。\n虽然种类繁多、无穷无尽，但大致上可以分为两类。\n任何横渡太平洋的船只\n在许多天里，它都伴随着体型较小的信天翁。\n信天翁可能会与船只结伴一个小时，\n翅膀没有明显的运动，或者仅有偶尔的轻微摆动。\n那些被船体墙壁引导向上的气流……\n以及沿着船只航行的方向，\n足以让这只拥有巨大翅膀的巨鸟\n获得足够的动力和前进的力量。\n信天翁是滑翔鸟类中的“王者”。\n这类飞鸟能驾驭空气来实现飞行目的，\n但也不得不屈服于逆风的阻力。\n而在另一类飞行方式中，鸭子是佼佼者。\n它越来越接近那些人类用来“征服”天空的飞行器了——正如人类所自豪地宣称的那样。\n鸭子，和鸽子一样，拥有像钢铁一样强健的肌肉。\n这些部分占据了鸟类体重的很大比例。\n能以不可抗拒的力量驱动短小的翅膀，\n顶着逆风长距离飞行，\n直到精疲力竭。\n它们那些能力稍逊的同类，比如鹧鸪，\n它们拥有强大的推进力，但很快就会疲劳。\n即使它们在极度疲惫的状态下被我们捡起，\n如果海上的风迫使它们进行了长途飞行。\n燕子则将这两种飞行方式的优点发挥到了极致。\n它不会感到疲劳，也不会夸耀自己的力量；\n往返于六千英里外的北方巢穴之间，\n一边飞行一边喂养已经会飞的雏鸟，\n穿行于似乎能助其前行的空气中，即使风向不利。\n这样的鸟类对我们大有裨益，\n尽管我们不再从它们忽东忽西的飞行中解读预兆了；\n就连最迷信的村民，也不会再向喜鹊脱帽道早安了。",
+    "text": "No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; \nthe varieties are infinite; but two classes may be roughly seen. \nAny ship that crosses the Pacific \nis accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, \nwhich may keep company with the vessel for an hour \nwithout visible or more than occasional movement of wing. \nThe currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, \nas well as in the line of its course, \nare enough to give the great bird with its immense wings \nsufficient sustenance and progress. \nThe albatross is the king of the gliders, \nthe class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, \nbut must yield to its opposition. \nIn the contrary school, the duck is supreme. \nIt comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. \nDuck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, \nthat are a good part of the weight of the bird, \nand these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power \nthat they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale \nbefore exhaustion follows. \nTheir humbler followers, such as partridges, \nhave a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. \nYou may pick them up in utter exhaustion, \nif wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. \nThe swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. \nIt tires not, nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air \ntravelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home, \nfeeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium \nthat seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse. \nSuch birds do us good, \nthough we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that; \nand even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good-morning.\n\n--WILLIAM BEACH THOMAS A Countryman's Creed--",
+    "textTranslate": "没有两种鸟类的飞行方式是完全相同的。 \n虽然种类繁多、无穷无尽，但大致上可以分为两类。 \n任何横渡太平洋的船只 \n在许多天里，它都伴随着体型较小的信天翁。 \n信天翁可能会与船只结伴一个小时， \n翅膀没有明显的运动，或者仅有偶尔的轻微摆动。 \n那些被船体墙壁引导向上的气流…… \n以及沿着船只航行的方向， \n足以让这只拥有巨大翅膀的巨鸟 \n获得足够的动力和前进的力量。 \n信天翁是滑翔鸟类中的“王者”。 \n这类飞鸟能驾驭空气来实现飞行目的， \n但也不得不屈服于逆风的阻力。 \n而在另一类飞行方式中，鸭子是佼佼者。 \n它越来越接近那些人类用来“征服”天空的飞行器了——正如人类所自豪地宣称的那样。 \n鸭子，和鸽子一样，拥有像钢铁一样强健的肌肉。 \n这些部分占据了鸟类体重的很大比例。 \n能以不可抗拒的力量驱动短小的翅膀， \n顶着逆风长距离飞行， \n直到精疲力竭。 \n它们那些能力稍逊的同类，比如鹧鸪， \n它们拥有强大的推进力，但很快就会疲劳。 \n即使它们在极度疲惫的状态下被我们捡起， \n如果海上的风迫使它们进行了长途飞行。 \n燕子则将这两种飞行方式的优点发挥到了极致。 \n它不会感到疲劳，也不会夸耀自己的力量； \n往返于六千英里外的北方巢穴之间， \n一边飞行一边喂养已经会飞的雏鸟， \n穿行于似乎能助其前行的空气中，即使风向不利。 \n这样的鸟类对我们大有裨益， \n尽管我们不再从它们忽东忽西的飞行中解读预兆了； \n就连最迷信的村民，也不会再向喜鹊脱帽道早安了。 \n\n--威廉·比奇·托马斯《乡下人的信条》--",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/23－Bird Flight.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.52,
       "text": "What are the two main types of bird flight described by the author?",
@@ -437,13 +463,15 @@
     "id": "LheW9C",
     "title": "Beauty",
     "titleTranslate": "美",
-    "text": "A young man sees a sunset and,\nunable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him,\nconcludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond\nIt is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience\nto resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light\nthat shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and,\nbecause the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher.\nAnd, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity\ngreater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe;\nfor language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world\ncannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.\nThat all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable.\nIn some moods, nature shares it.\nThere is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer,\nno sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty,\na vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed,\nand in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.\nBut, if this world is not merely a bad joke,\nlife a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars,\nand existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries;\nif these intimations of a something behind and beyond\nare not evil humour born of indigestion,\nor whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us, if, in a word\nbeauty means something yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.\nIf we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it,\nnor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp.\nBeauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.",
-    "textTranslate": "一个年轻人看到了日落，\n无法理解这种情感在他心中所引发的反应，也无法表达出自己所感受到的情绪。\n得出结论：这一定是通往另一个未知世界的入口。\n在那些充满强烈审美体验的时刻，我们任何人都很难抗拒这样一种想法：\n我们似乎瞥见了某种光芒，\n那种光芒是从另一个存在领域照射到我们这里的；那个领域与我们截然不同……\n因为这种体验非常令人感动，从某种意义上来说，它的价值甚至更高（即这种体验带来的意义或影响更为深远）。\n尽管那些光芒刺眼、令人眩目，但它们依然透露出一种美丽与宁静的气息。\n比我们以往所知道或想象的都要伟大；同时也超出了我们的描述能力。\n因为语言是为了传达这个世界的意义而创造的，\n所以它很难被直接应用于其他目的。\n在某些时刻，大自然本身也具备这种能力。\n在某些心境下，大自然也具有这种力量。\n六月的蓝天再蓝，也会让人向往更蓝的天空；\n日落再美，也会唤起人们对更美之景的想象，\n只留下一种难以言喻的渴望与遗憾。\n但是，如果这个世界不仅仅是一个糟糕的玩笑，\n如果生命不是在星辰冷冽光芒中的短暂闪光，\n如果存在不是对那些神秘事物的徒劳嘲笑……\n那么，这些关于“背后、超越这个世界的事物”的暗示，\n就一定有着更深层的意义。\n不是消化不良引起的坏情绪，\n也不是魔鬼派来嘲笑和折磨我们的奇想——总之，\n“美”确实蕴含着某种意义，但我们却不应试图去解读这种意义。\n如果我们瞥见了那不可言说之物，试图言说它是不明智的，\n我们也不应该试图赋予那些我们无法理解的事物以意义。\n用人类的意义来衡量，美是没有意义的。",
+    "text": "A young man sees a sunset and, \nunable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, \nconcludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond \nIt is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience \nto resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light \nthat shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, \nbecause the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. \nAnd, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity \ngreater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe; \nfor language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world \ncannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.\n\nThat all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. \nIn some moods, nature shares it. \nThere is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, \nno sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, \na vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, \nand in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret. \nBut, if this world is not merely a bad joke, \nlife a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, \nand existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; \nif these intimations of a something behind and beyond \nare not evil humour born of indigestion, \nor whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us, if, in a word \nbeauty means something yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. \nIf we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, \nnor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. \nBeauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.\n\n--C.E.M.JOAD Pieces of Mind--",
+    "textTranslate": "一个年轻人看到了日落， \n无法理解这种情感在他心中所引发的反应，也无法表达出自己所感受到的情绪。 \n得出结论：这一定是通往另一个未知世界的入口。 \n在那些充满强烈审美体验的时刻，我们任何人都很难抗拒这样一种想法： \n我们似乎瞥见了某种光芒， \n那种光芒是从另一个存在领域照射到我们这里的；那个领域与我们截然不同…… \n因为这种体验非常令人感动，从某种意义上来说，它的价值甚至更高（即这种体验带来的意义或影响更为深远）。 \n尽管那些光芒刺眼、令人眩目，但它们依然透露出一种美丽与宁静的气息。 \n比我们以往所知道或想象的都要伟大；同时也超出了我们的描述能力。 \n因为语言是为了传达这个世界的意义而创造的， \n所以它很难被直接应用于其他目的。 \n\n在某些时刻，大自然本身也具备这种能力。 \n在某些心境下，大自然也具有这种力量。 \n六月的蓝天再蓝，也会让人向往更蓝的天空； \n日落再美，也会唤起人们对更美之景的想象， \n只留下一种难以言喻的渴望与遗憾。 \n但是，如果这个世界不仅仅是一个糟糕的玩笑， \n如果生命不是在星辰冷冽光芒中的短暂闪光， \n如果存在不是对那些神秘事物的徒劳嘲笑…… \n那么，这些关于“背后、超越这个世界的事物”的暗示， \n就一定有着更深层的意义。 \n不是消化不良引起的坏情绪， \n也不是魔鬼派来嘲笑和折磨我们的奇想——总之， \n“美”确实蕴含着某种意义，但我们却不应试图去解读这种意义。 \n如果我们瞥见了那不可言说之物，试图言说它是不明智的， \n我们也不应该试图赋予那些我们无法理解的事物以意义。 \n用人类的意义来衡量，美是没有意义的。 \n\n--C.E.M.JOAD 心灵碎片--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 8,
       "text": "What do glimpses of beauty, either in nature or art, often suggest to the human mind?",
@@ -455,13 +483,15 @@
     "id": "hX0J84",
     "title": "Non-auditory effects of noise",
     "titleTranslate": "噪音的非听觉效应",
-    "text": "Many people in industry and the Services,\nwho have practical experience of noise,\nregard any investigation of this question as a waste of time;\nthey are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people.\nOn the other hand,\nthose who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence\nto support their pleas for a quieter society.\nThis is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause,\nand it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.\nOne allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness.\nA recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance,\nwas headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress,\nwith the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'.\nOn turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist\nwho found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more\nuntil eventually she had to go into a mental hospital.\nNow the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect.\nWas the noise a cause of the illness,\nor were the complaints about noise merely a symptom?\nAnother patient might equally well complain\nthat her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her,\nand yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.\nWhat is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions,\nto discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are.\nSome time ago the United States Navy, for instance,\nexamined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers:\nthe study was known as Project Anehin.\nIt can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome;\nif you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft,\nyou will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise.\nBut neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests\nwere able to show any effects upon these American sailors.\nThis result merely confirms earlier American and British studies:\nif there is any effect of noise upon mental health,\nit must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it.\nThat does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean\nthat noise is less dangerous than, say being brought up in an orphanage\n--which really is a mental health hazard.",
-    "textTranslate": "那些对噪音有实际经验的人\n那些具有处理噪声问题实际经验的人\n认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间；\n他们甚至不愿意承认“噪音会影响人们”这一可能性。\n另一方面，\n那些不喜欢噪音的人，有时会使用非常不充分的证据\n以支持他们关于营造一个更加宁静社会的诉求。\n这真是太遗憾了，因为减少噪音确实是一个非常有益的事业（或：减少噪音是一件很有意义的事情）。\n如果这种理论或方法与糟糕的科学实践（即不严谨、不科学的研究方法）联系在一起，它很可能会被人们质疑或否定（即失去可信度）。\n一个常见的指控是：噪音会导致精神疾病。\n例如，最近一家周刊上发表了一篇文章……\n文章的标题配有一幅引人注目的插图，描绘了一位极度痛苦的女士\n配文写道：“她只是又一个受害者，被折磨成了一个只会尖叫的废人”。\n当人们急切地阅读这段文字时，会发现那位女士原来是一名打字员。\n她发现办公室打字机的声音让她越来越焦虑\n直到最后，她不得不被送进精神病院。\n当然，这类轶事的一个问题在于人们无法区分其中的因果关系（即哪些事件是原因，哪些是结果）。\n这种噪音是导致疾病的原因吗？\n还是说，那些关于噪音的投诉只是一种症状？\n另一个患者也很可能会提出同样的抱怨。\n说她的邻居们联合起来诽谤她、迫害她\n然而，人们或许会对这一说法持谨慎态度（即不太相信它）。\n在噪声环境下，我们需要对大量生活在嘈杂环境中的人进行研究。\n为了查明他们是否比普通人更容易患上精神疾病。\n例如，不久前美国海军就……\n对大量在航空母舰上工作的男性进行了检查。\n这项研究被称为“Project Anehin”。\n即使住在离机场几英里远的地方，也可能很不愉快；\n如果你想象一下：与几支喷气式飞机中队共享同一艘船的甲板，那会是什么样子……\n你会发现，现代海军是一个研究噪声问题的理想场所。\n但无论是精神病学访谈还是客观测试\n都未能显示对这些美国水手有任何影响。\n这一结果仅仅证实了此前美国和英国的研究结果而已。\n如果噪音对心理健康有任何影响的话……\n它一定非常微小，以至于现有的精神疾病诊断方法无法检测到它。\n这并不能证明该事物根本不存在；不过这确实意味着……\n它一定比，比如说在孤儿院长大，要安全得多\n——那才真正是精神健康的危害。",
+    "text": "Many people in industry and the Services, \nwho have practical experience of noise, \nregard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; \nthey are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. \nOn the other hand, \nthose who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence \nto support their pleas for a quieter society. \nThis is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, \nand it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.\n\nOne allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. \nA recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, \nwas headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, \nwith the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. \nOn turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist \nwho found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more \nuntil eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. \nNow the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect. \nWas the noise a cause of the illness, \nor were the complaints about noise merely a symptom? \nAnother patient might equally well complain \nthat her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, \nand yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.\n\nWhat is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, \nto discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. \nSome time ago the United States Navy, for instance, \nexamined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: \nthe study was known as Project Anehin. \nIt can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; \nif you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, \nyou will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. \nBut neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests \nwere able to show any effects upon these American sailors. \nThis result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: \nif there is any effect of noise upon mental health, \nit must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. \nThat does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean \nthat noise is less dangerous than, say being brought up in an orphanage \n--which really is a mental health hazard.\n\n--D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey--",
+    "textTranslate": "那些对噪音有实际经验的人 \n那些具有处理噪声问题实际经验的人 \n认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间； \n他们甚至不愿意承认“噪音会影响人们”这一可能性。 \n另一方面， \n那些不喜欢噪音的人，有时会使用非常不充分的证据 \n以支持他们关于营造一个更加宁静社会的诉求。 \n这真是太遗憾了，因为减少噪音确实是一个非常有益的事业（或：减少噪音是一件很有意义的事情）。 \n如果这种理论或方法与糟糕的科学实践（即不严谨、不科学的研究方法）联系在一起，它很可能会被人们质疑或否定（即失去可信度）。 \n\n一个常见的指控是：噪音会导致精神疾病。 \n例如，最近一家周刊上发表了一篇文章…… \n文章的标题配有一幅引人注目的插图，描绘了一位极度痛苦的女士 \n配文写道：“她只是又一个受害者，被折磨成了一个只会尖叫的废人”。 \n当人们急切地阅读这段文字时，会发现那位女士原来是一名打字员。 \n她发现办公室打字机的声音让她越来越焦虑 \n直到最后，她不得不被送进精神病院。 \n当然，这类轶事的一个问题在于人们无法区分其中的因果关系（即哪些事件是原因，哪些是结果）。 \n这种噪音是导致疾病的原因吗？ \n还是说，那些关于噪音的投诉只是一种症状？ \n另一个患者也很可能会提出同样的抱怨。 \n说她的邻居们联合起来诽谤她、迫害她 \n然而，人们或许会对这一说法持谨慎态度（即不太相信它）。 \n\n在噪声环境下，我们需要对大量生活在嘈杂环境中的人进行研究。 \n为了查明他们是否比普通人更容易患上精神疾病。 \n例如，不久前美国海军就…… \n对大量在航空母舰上工作的男性进行了检查。 \n这项研究被称为“Project Anehin”。 \n即使住在离机场几英里远的地方，也可能很不愉快； \n如果你想象一下：与几支喷气式飞机中队共享同一艘船的甲板，那会是什么样子…… \n你会发现，现代海军是一个研究噪声问题的理想场所。 \n但无论是精神病学访谈还是客观测试 \n都未能显示对这些美国水手有任何影响。 \n这一结果仅仅证实了此前美国和英国的研究结果而已。 \n如果噪音对心理健康有任何影响的话…… \n它一定非常微小，以至于现有的精神疾病诊断方法无法检测到它。 \n这并不能证明该事物根本不存在；不过这确实意味着…… \n它一定比，比如说在孤儿院长大，要安全得多 \n——那才真正是精神健康的危害。 \n\n--D.E.BROADBENT《科学调查》中噪声的非听觉效应--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 13.04,
       "text": "What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?",
@@ -473,13 +503,15 @@
     "id": "WU4aIT",
     "title": "The past life of the earth",
     "titleTranslate": "地球上的昔日生命",
-    "text": "It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved,\nfor one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial,\nand it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes,\nwhere mud and silt have been continuously deposited,\nthat bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.\nBut even in the most favourable circumstances\nonly a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way\nbefore decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them.\nAfter all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else,\nwhether it be plant or animal, dead or alive,\nand it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided.\nThe remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved,\nfor there is seldom anything to cover them over.\nWhen you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying about,\nnot to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see,\nit is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads.\nThey decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature.\nIt is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive,\nas by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice crevasse,\nlike the Siberian mammoths,\nwhen the whole animal is sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator.\nThis is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition.\nIn his mouth were the remains of fir trees--the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back.\nThe mammoth has now been restored in the Palaeontological Museum in St.Petersburg.\nOther animals were trapped in tar pits, like the elephants, sabre-toothed cats,\nand numerous other creatures that are found at Rancho la Brea, which is now just a suburb of Los Angeles.\nApparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits\nand the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink,\nand were promptly bogged in the tar.\nAnd then, when they were dead, the carnivores,\nlike the sabretoothed cats and the giant wolves,\ncame out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate.\nThere are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.",
-    "textTranslate": "最有可能被保存下来的，是那些生活在水中或水边的动植物的遗骸。\n其中一个必要的保存条件就是迅速掩埋。\n而只有在海洋、河流中，有时也在湖泊里，\n在那些泥沙不断沉积的地方……\n尸体等物才能被迅速覆盖并保存下来。\n但即使在最有利的情况下\n只有极少数死亡的生物能够以这种方式被保存下来。\n在腐烂开始之前，或者更可能的是，在食腐动物吃掉它们之前。\n毕竟，所有生物都是通过摄取其他物质来维持生存的。\n无论是植物还是动物，无论是死的还是活的……\n只有碰巧才能避免这样的命运。\n生活在陆地上的植物和动物的遗骸被保存下来的情况要少得多。\n因为很少有东西能将它们覆盖起来。\n当你想到那些在空中飞舞的无数鸟类时……\n更不用说那些同样数量众多但你看不到的小动物，比如田鼠和鼩鼱。\n人们很少能碰到动物的尸体，当然，路上除外。\n它们会腐烂，很快被风化或被其他动物吃掉。\n几乎总是由于一些非常特殊的情况，陆地动物的痕迹才能得以保存下来。\n比如掉进无法进入的洞穴里，或者掉进冰裂隙里。\n就像西伯利亚猛犸象一样……\n有时整个动物会像在冰箱里一样被保存下来。\n这就是著名的贝列索夫卡猛犸象的遭遇：它被发现时保存完好，状态极佳。\n它嘴里还残留着冷杉树枝——那是它掉进冰缝摔断背前的最后一餐。\n这头猛犸象现已被修复并陈列在圣彼得堡的古生物博物馆中。\n还有些动物陷进了沥青坑，比如大象、剑齿虎\n以及在兰乔拉布雷亚发现的众多其他生物，那里如今只是洛杉矶的一个郊区。\n显然，发生的情况是水在这些沥青坑中积聚了。\n那些体型较大的动物，比如大象，便冒险走到了那片看起来非常坚固的地面上去喝水。\n结果立刻陷进了沥青里。\n然后，当它们死去之后，那些肉食动物……\n就像剑齿虎和巨型狼一样……\n它们出来觅食，结果遭遇了完全相同的命运。\n沥青里还有数不清的鸟类的遗骸。",
+    "text": "It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, \nfor one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, \nand it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, \nwhere mud and silt have been continuously deposited, \nthat bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.\n\nBut even in the most favourable circumstances \nonly a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way \nbefore decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. \nAfter all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, \nwhether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, \nand it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. \nThe remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, \nfor there is seldom anything to cover them over. \nWhen you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying about, \nnot to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see, \nit is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads. \nThey decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature.\n\nIt is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive, \nas by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice crevasse, \nlike the Siberian mammoths, \nwhen the whole animal is sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. \nThis is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. \nIn his mouth were the remains of fir trees--the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back. \nThe mammoth has now been restored in the Palaeontological Museum in St.Petersburg. \nOther animals were trapped in tar pits, like the elephants, sabre-toothed cats, \nand numerous other creatures that are found at Rancho la Brea, which is now just a suburb of Los Angeles. \nApparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits \nand the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink, \nand were promptly bogged in the tar. \nAnd then, when they were dead, the carnivores, \nlike the sabretoothed cats and the giant wolves, \ncame out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate. \nThere are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.\n\n--ERROL WHITE The past life of the earth from Discovery--",
+    "textTranslate": "最有可能被保存下来的，是那些生活在水中或水边的动植物的遗骸。 \n其中一个必要的保存条件就是迅速掩埋。 \n而只有在海洋、河流中，有时也在湖泊里， \n在那些泥沙不断沉积的地方…… \n尸体等物才能被迅速覆盖并保存下来。 \n\n但即使在最有利的情况下 \n只有极少数死亡的生物能够以这种方式被保存下来。 \n在腐烂开始之前，或者更可能的是，在食腐动物吃掉它们之前。 \n毕竟，所有生物都是通过摄取其他物质来维持生存的。 \n无论是植物还是动物，无论是死的还是活的…… \n只有碰巧才能避免这样的命运。 \n生活在陆地上的植物和动物的遗骸被保存下来的情况要少得多。 \n因为很少有东西能将它们覆盖起来。 \n当你想到那些在空中飞舞的无数鸟类时…… \n更不用说那些同样数量众多但你看不到的小动物，比如田鼠和鼩鼱。 \n人们很少能碰到动物的尸体，当然，路上除外。 \n它们会腐烂，很快被风化或被其他动物吃掉。 \n\n几乎总是由于一些非常特殊的情况，陆地动物的痕迹才能得以保存下来。 \n比如掉进无法进入的洞穴里，或者掉进冰裂隙里。 \n就像西伯利亚猛犸象一样…… \n有时整个动物会像在冰箱里一样被保存下来。 \n这就是著名的贝列索夫卡猛犸象的遭遇：它被发现时保存完好，状态极佳。 \n它嘴里还残留着冷杉树枝——那是它掉进冰缝摔断背前的最后一餐。 \n这头猛犸象现已被修复并陈列在圣彼得堡的古生物博物馆中。 \n还有些动物陷进了沥青坑，比如大象、剑齿虎 \n以及在兰乔拉布雷亚发现的众多其他生物，那里如今只是洛杉矶的一个郊区。 \n显然，发生的情况是水在这些沥青坑中积聚了。 \n那些体型较大的动物，比如大象，便冒险走到了那片看起来非常坚固的地面上去喝水。 \n结果立刻陷进了沥青里。 \n然后，当它们死去之后，那些肉食动物…… \n就像剑齿虎和巨型狼一样…… \n它们出来觅食，结果遭遇了完全相同的命运。 \n沥青里还有数不清的鸟类的遗骸。 \n\n--埃罗尔·怀特《发现》中的地球前世--",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/26－The Past Life of the Earth.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.22,
       "text": "What is the main condition for the preservation of the remains of any living creature?",
@@ -491,13 +523,15 @@
     "id": "gqhTzf",
     "title": "The 'Vasa'",
     "titleTranslate": "“瓦萨”号",
-    "text": "What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched?\nFrom the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden,\nthe story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea.\nFor nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956.\nThis was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.\nKing Gustavus Adolphus 'The Northern Hurricane',\nthen at the height of his military success in the 'Thirty Years' War,\nhad dictated her measurements and armament.\nTriple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon.\nShe was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.\nAs she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment.\nFrom the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands\nthe people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind.\nThey had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art;\nshe was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship.\nThe high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors,\nmermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue,\nsymbols of courage, power, and cruelty,\nwere portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.\nThen the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply.\nAs she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow,\nher flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in the breeze,\nand the red and gold or her superstructure ablaze with colour,\nshe presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before.\nAll gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.\nAs the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port.\nThe Ordnance officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard\nto counteract the list but the steepening angle of the decks increased.\nThen the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore,\nas cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship.\nThe lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate.\nIn that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic,\nsank with all flags flying--in the harbour of her birth.",
-    "textTranslate": "“瓦萨号”在下水后几乎立刻就发生了什么？\n从十七世纪的瑞典帝国，\n这艘加莱昂帆船的故事堪称海洋史上最离奇的传说之一：它在1628年首次航行时便沉没了。\n在将近三个半世纪的时间里，这艘船一直沉躺在斯德哥尔摩港的底部，直到1956年才被人发现。\n这艘船是“瓦萨号”（Vasa），属于那个伟大帝国舰队的皇家旗舰。\n古斯塔夫·阿道夫国王，被称为“北方飓风”……\n就在他在“三十年战争”中取得军事胜利的巅峰时期，\n亲自规定了她的尺寸和武器装备。\n三层甲板上共安装了六十四门青铜大炮。\n她本应在瑞典日益增长的国力中扮演重要角色。\n1628年8月10日，当这艘船准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩一片沸腾。\n从斯凯普斯布隆（Skeppsbron）和周围的岛屿上，\n人们看着这艘美丽的船开始扬起帆，迎风启航。\n他们花了三年时间才完成这件浮动的艺术品。\n它的雕刻和装饰比以往任何一艘船都要精美、复杂得多。\n高耸的船尾城堡上雕刻着神祇、恶魔、骑士、国王、武士，\n美人鱼、小天使，以及那些被红色、金色和蓝色装饰得绚丽多彩的动物形状……\n象征着勇气、力量与残酷的符号……\n这些雕刻旨在激发当时迷信水手的想象力。\n随后，停泊在港口的战舰们鸣响了礼炮，以示敬意；作为回应，瓦萨号（Vasa）也开炮回敬了。\n当她从那弥漫着枪炮烟雾的云层中走出来时，船头下方的水面已经泛起了层层泡沫……\n她的旗帜高高飘扬，小旗子随风摆动，船帆在微风中轻轻鼓动……\n上层建筑的红色和金色熠熠生辉，\n她展现了一场比斯德哥尔摩市民前所未见的壮丽景象。\n所有炮窗都敞开着，炮口从中邪恶地探出。\n随着风势的增强，突然刮起了一阵狂风，船只也出现了异常的摇晃——它向左舷倾斜了过去。\n军械官命令将所有左舷炮移到右舷\n以抵消倾斜，但甲板的倾斜角度却越来越大。\n接着，轰隆的雷声传到了岸边观望的人们耳边。\n货物、压舱物、弹药和400人滑落并撞向严重倾斜的船的左舷。\n船上的下层炮口此时已经浸没在水中，海水涌入船内，注定了这艘船的毁灭。\n在光荣的第一个小时里，这艘本应称霸波罗的海的巨舰“瓦萨号”\n它带着所有的旗帜，在自己出生的港口沉没了。",
+    "text": "What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched? \nFrom the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, \nthe story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. \nFor nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. \nThis was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet. \nKing Gustavus Adolphus 'The Northern Hurricane', \nthen at the height of his military success in the 'Thirty Years' War, \nhad dictated her measurements and armament. \nTriple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. \nShe was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.\n\nAs she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. \nFrom the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands \nthe people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. \nThey had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; \nshe was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. \nThe high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, \nmermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue, \nsymbols of courage, power, and cruelty, \nwere portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day. \nThen the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. \nAs she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, \nher flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in the breeze, \nand the red and gold or her superstructure ablaze with colour, \nshe presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. \nAll gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them. \nAs the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. \nThe Ordnance officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard \nto counteract the list but the steepening angle of the decks increased. \nThen the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, \nas cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. \nThe lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. \nIn that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, \nsank with all flags flying--in the harbour of her birth.\n\n--ROY SAUNGERS The Raising of the' Vasa 'from The Listener--",
+    "textTranslate": "“瓦萨号”在下水后几乎立刻就发生了什么？ \n从十七世纪的瑞典帝国， \n这艘加莱昂帆船的故事堪称海洋史上最离奇的传说之一：它在1628年首次航行时便沉没了。 \n在将近三个半世纪的时间里，这艘船一直沉躺在斯德哥尔摩港的底部，直到1956年才被人发现。 \n这艘船是“瓦萨号”（Vasa），属于那个伟大帝国舰队的皇家旗舰。 \n古斯塔夫·阿道夫国王，被称为“北方飓风”…… \n就在他在“三十年战争”中取得军事胜利的巅峰时期， \n亲自规定了她的尺寸和武器装备。 \n三层甲板上共安装了六十四门青铜大炮。 \n她本应在瑞典日益增长的国力中扮演重要角色。 \n\n1628年8月10日，当这艘船准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩一片沸腾。 \n从斯凯普斯布隆（Skeppsbron）和周围的岛屿上， \n人们看着这艘美丽的船开始扬起帆，迎风启航。 \n他们花了三年时间才完成这件浮动的艺术品。 \n它的雕刻和装饰比以往任何一艘船都要精美、复杂得多。 \n高耸的船尾城堡上雕刻着神祇、恶魔、骑士、国王、武士， \n美人鱼、小天使，以及那些被红色、金色和蓝色装饰得绚丽多彩的动物形状…… \n象征着勇气、力量与残酷的符号…… \n这些雕刻旨在激发当时迷信水手的想象力。 \n随后，停泊在港口的战舰们鸣响了礼炮，以示敬意；作为回应，瓦萨号（Vasa）也开炮回敬了。 \n当她从那弥漫着枪炮烟雾的云层中走出来时，船头下方的水面已经泛起了层层泡沫…… \n她的旗帜高高飘扬，小旗子随风摆动，船帆在微风中轻轻鼓动…… \n上层建筑的红色和金色熠熠生辉， \n她展现了一场比斯德哥尔摩市民前所未见的壮丽景象。 \n所有炮窗都敞开着，炮口从中邪恶地探出。 \n随着风势的增强，突然刮起了一阵狂风，船只也出现了异常的摇晃——它向左舷倾斜了过去。 \n军械官命令将所有左舷炮移到右舷 \n以抵消倾斜，但甲板的倾斜角度却越来越大。 \n接着，轰隆的雷声传到了岸边观望的人们耳边。 \n货物、压舱物、弹药和400人滑落并撞向严重倾斜的船的左舷。 \n船上的下层炮口此时已经浸没在水中，海水涌入船内，注定了这艘船的毁灭。 \n在光荣的第一个小时里，这艘本应称霸波罗的海的巨舰“瓦萨号” \n它带着所有的旗帜，在自己出生的港口沉没了。 \n\n--ROY SAUNGERS《听众》中“瓦萨”的兴起--",
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       "start": 3.95,
       "text": "The 'Vasa'",
@@ -509,13 +543,15 @@
     "id": "HzBmVf",
     "title": "Patients and doctors",
     "titleTranslate": "病人与医生",
-    "text": "This is a sceptical age,\nbut although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened,\nour confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs.\nThis modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact\nthat the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures.\nand shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise.\nThe majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that\nthey have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them\nsome tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine,\na box of pills, or a small jar of ointment,\nand the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements.\nThere is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for,\nand since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked\nand have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet,\nright living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc.,\nthe bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.\nNor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.\nIt is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor,\nhe went off immediately to visit him,\ncarrying with him in his pocket what remained a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's.\nCarlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained,\nof the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering,\nand of what had previously been wrong with his wife,\nbut a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another,\nand comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend,\nhe hastened to Henry Taylor's house.\nHistory does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did.\nThe great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker\nbeyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste,\nand that is what all patients demand of their doctors--to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.",
-    "textTranslate": "这是一个充满怀疑的时代。\n尽管我们对祖先们坚信的许多事物的信心已经减弱，\n尽管我们对祖先们坚信的许多事物的信心已经减弱，\n但我们对药物疗效的信任却依然与他们一样坚定。\n这种对药物的现代信仰，从卫生服务部门的年度药品开支不断攀升至天文数字这一事实中得到了证明，\n而且目前这种趋势还没有停止的迹象。\n大多数前往医院门诊部就诊的患者认为，\n除非他们能带回家\n一瓶药、一盒药片或一小罐药膏这样的实在疗法，\n一盒药片，或者一小罐药膏。\n负责该科室的医生也非常乐意满足他们的这些要求。\n没有比给患者他们所要的东西更快打发他们的方法了。\n而且由于卫生系统中的大多数医生都工作过度\n因此，他们几乎没有时间去提供那些耗时且不太受重视的建议——比如关于饮食方面的建议。\n正确的生活方式，以及摒弃不良习惯的必要性等等。\n药瓶、药盒和药罐几乎总是会满足他们的要求。\n并不是只有那些无知或受教育程度低的人才会对药瓶（或药物）抱有如此大的信任（或依赖）。\n据记载，当托马斯·卡莱尔得知他的朋友亨利·泰勒生病了之后……\n他立刻动身去拜访他了。\n口袋里还装着一瓶剩下的药，这瓶药原本是给卡莱尔夫人开的，用于治疗她的小毛病。\n卡莱尔完全不知道自己口袋里的瓶子里装着什么。\n关于他的朋友所患疾病的性质……\n以及他妻子之前得了什么病。\n但是，一种在某种疾病治疗中效果非常好的药物，肯定也会对另一种疾病产生同样的治疗效果。\n并且因为想到自己能为朋友提供帮助而感到欣慰（或：感到安慰）。\n他急忙赶往亨利·泰勒的家中。\n历史没有记载他的朋友是否接受了他的医疗帮助，但很可能接受了。\n吃药的最大好处是它对服药者没有任何要求，\n除了暂时忍受一下难吃的味道之外。\n而这正是所有患者对医生所要求的：能够得到治疗，同时自己不必承受任何不便或麻烦。",
+    "text": "This is a sceptical age, \nbut although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, \nour confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs. \nThis modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact \nthat the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures. \nand shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. \nThe majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that \nthey have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them \nsome tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, \na box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, \nand the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. \nThere is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for, \nand since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked \nand have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, \nright living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., \nthe bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.\n\nNor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. \nIt is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, \nhe went off immediately to visit him, \ncarrying with him in his pocket what remained a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. \nCarlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, \nof the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, \nand of what had previously been wrong with his wife, \nbut a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, \nand comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, \nhe hastened to Henry Taylor's house. \nHistory does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. \nThe great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker \nbeyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, \nand that is what all patients demand of their doctors--to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.",
+    "textTranslate": "这是一个充满怀疑的时代。 \n尽管我们对祖先们坚信的许多事物的信心已经减弱， \n尽管我们对祖先们坚信的许多事物的信心已经减弱， \n但我们对药物疗效的信任却依然与他们一样坚定。 \n这种对药物的现代信仰，从卫生服务部门的年度药品开支不断攀升至天文数字这一事实中得到了证明， \n而且目前这种趋势还没有停止的迹象。 \n大多数前往医院门诊部就诊的患者认为， \n除非他们能带回家 \n一瓶药、一盒药片或一小罐药膏这样的实在疗法， \n一盒药片，或者一小罐药膏。 \n负责该科室的医生也非常乐意满足他们的这些要求。 \n没有比给患者他们所要的东西更快打发他们的方法了。 \n而且由于卫生系统中的大多数医生都工作过度 \n因此，他们几乎没有时间去提供那些耗时且不太受重视的建议——比如关于饮食方面的建议。 \n正确的生活方式，以及摒弃不良习惯的必要性等等。 \n药瓶、药盒和药罐几乎总是会满足他们的要求。 \n\n并不是只有那些无知或受教育程度低的人才会对药瓶（或药物）抱有如此大的信任（或依赖）。 \n据记载，当托马斯·卡莱尔得知他的朋友亨利·泰勒生病了之后…… \n他立刻动身去拜访他了。 \n口袋里还装着一瓶剩下的药，这瓶药原本是给卡莱尔夫人开的，用于治疗她的小毛病。 \n卡莱尔完全不知道自己口袋里的瓶子里装着什么。 \n关于他的朋友所患疾病的性质…… \n以及他妻子之前得了什么病。 \n但是，一种在某种疾病治疗中效果非常好的药物，肯定也会对另一种疾病产生同样的治疗效果。 \n并且因为想到自己能为朋友提供帮助而感到欣慰（或：感到安慰）。 \n他急忙赶往亨利·泰勒的家中。 \n历史没有记载他的朋友是否接受了他的医疗帮助，但很可能接受了。 \n吃药的最大好处是它对服药者没有任何要求， \n除了暂时忍受一下难吃的味道之外。 \n而这正是所有患者对医生所要求的：能够得到治疗，同时自己不必承受任何不便或麻烦。",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.46,
       "text": "What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor?",
@@ -527,13 +563,15 @@
     "id": "PoaE0S",
     "title": "The hovercraft",
     "titleTranslate": "气垫船",
-    "text": "Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century,\nthe strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.\nIn 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher Cockerell,\nwho had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads,\nsuggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles.\nIt was the idea of supporting a craft on a 'pad', or cushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air.\nEver since, people have had difficulty in deciding whether the craft should be ranged among ships, planes,\nor land vehicles--for it is something in between a boat and an aircraft.\nAs a shipbuilder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to the problem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface ship's power and limits its speed.\nHis answer was to lift the vessel out of the water by making it ride on a cushion of air, no more than one or two feet thick.\nThis is done by a great number of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft.\nIt 'flies', therefore, but it cannot fly higher--its action depends on the surface, water or ground, over which it rides.\nThe first tests on the Solent in 1959 caused a sensation.\nThe hovercraft travelled first over the water, then mounted the beach, climbed up the dunes, and sat down on a road.\nLater it crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves, which presented no problem.\nSince that time, various types of hovercraft have appeared and taken up regular service.\nThe hovercraft is particularly useful in large areas with poor communications such as Africa or Australia;\nit can become a 'flying fruit-bowl', carrying bananas from the plantations to the ports;\ngiant hovercraft liners could span the Atlantic;\nand the railway of the future may well be the 'hovertrain',\nriding on its air cushion over a single rail, which it never touches, at speeds, up to 300 m.p.h.--the possibilities appear unlimited.",
-    "textTranslate": "在我们这个世纪，许多新型的、奇特的交通工具被开发出来了。\n其中最奇怪的，或许要数那艘气垫船了。\n1953年，一位五十多岁的前电子工程师克里斯托弗·科克雷尔（Christopher Cockerell）……\n谁开始在诺福克河口地区从事造船业呢？\n他向英国政府和工业界提出了一项自己多年来一直在研究的想法。\n这个想法的核心在于：利用一层低压空气作为“垫子”或“支撑层”来托住某个物体（比如飞行器），而该低压空气层则被一层高压空气所包围。\n从那以后，人们就一直难以确定这种交通工具应该被归类为船舶、飞机中的哪一类。\n或者陆地交通工具——因为它介于船和飞机之间。\n作为一名造船工程师，科克雷尔一直在努力寻找解决船舶波浪阻力问题的方法。波浪阻力会浪费船舶大量动力，并限制其航行速度。\n他的解决方案是让船漂浮在一片空气“垫层”上，这片空气垫层的厚度不超过一两英尺。\n这是通过飞船底部大量环形喷气装置来实现的。\n因此，它确实能够“飞行”，但它无法飞得更高；它的运动方式取决于它所依附的表面——无论是水面还是地面。\n1959年，对“Solent”进行的初步测试引起了轰动。\n气垫船先在水面上行驶，然后驶上了沙滩，接着爬上了沙丘，最后停在了道路上。\n后来，它穿过了英吉利海峡，平稳地掠过海浪——整个过程没有任何问题。\n从那时起，各种类型的气垫船相继问世，并开始被广泛使用（即投入日常运营）。\n气垫船在通信条件较差的广大地区（如非洲或澳大利亚）特别有用。\n它可以变成一个“会飞的果盘”，负责将香蕉从种植园运送到港口。\n巨大的气垫船客轮或许能够横渡大西洋。\n未来的铁路很可能会是“悬浮列车”。\n这种装置依靠空气垫在单根轨道上行驶，且从未与轨道接触；其行驶速度可达到每小时300英里。由此看来，它的应用可能性似乎是无限的。",
+    "text": "Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, \nthe strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. \nIn 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher Cockerell, \nwho had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads, \nsuggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles. \nIt was the idea of supporting a craft on a 'pad', or cushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air. \nEver since, people have had difficulty in deciding whether the craft should be ranged among ships, planes, \nor land vehicles--for it is something in between a boat and an aircraft. \nAs a shipbuilder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to the problem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface ship's power and limits its speed. \nHis answer was to lift the vessel out of the water by making it ride on a cushion of air, no more than one or two feet thick. \nThis is done by a great number of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft. \nIt 'flies', therefore, but it cannot fly higher--its action depends on the surface, water or ground, over which it rides.\n\nThe first tests on the Solent in 1959 caused a sensation. \nThe hovercraft travelled first over the water, then mounted the beach, climbed up the dunes, and sat down on a road. \nLater it crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves, which presented no problem.\n\nSince that time, various types of hovercraft have appeared and taken up regular service. \nThe hovercraft is particularly useful in large areas with poor communications such as Africa or Australia; \nit can become a 'flying fruit-bowl', carrying bananas from the plantations to the ports; \ngiant hovercraft liners could span the Atlantic; \nand the railway of the future may well be the 'hovertrain', \nriding on its air cushion over a single rail, which it never touches, at speeds, up to 300 m.p.h.--the possibilities appear unlimited.\n\n--EGON LARSEN The Pegasus Book of Inventors--",
+    "textTranslate": "在我们这个世纪，许多新型的、奇特的交通工具被开发出来了。 \n其中最奇怪的，或许要数那艘气垫船了。 \n1953年，一位五十多岁的前电子工程师克里斯托弗·科克雷尔（Christopher Cockerell）…… \n谁开始在诺福克河口地区从事造船业呢？ \n他向英国政府和工业界提出了一项自己多年来一直在研究的想法。 \n这个想法的核心在于：利用一层低压空气作为“垫子”或“支撑层”来托住某个物体（比如飞行器），而该低压空气层则被一层高压空气所包围。 \n从那以后，人们就一直难以确定这种交通工具应该被归类为船舶、飞机中的哪一类。 \n或者陆地交通工具——因为它介于船和飞机之间。 \n作为一名造船工程师，科克雷尔一直在努力寻找解决船舶波浪阻力问题的方法。波浪阻力会浪费船舶大量动力，并限制其航行速度。 \n他的解决方案是让船漂浮在一片空气“垫层”上，这片空气垫层的厚度不超过一两英尺。 \n这是通过飞船底部大量环形喷气装置来实现的。 \n因此，它确实能够“飞行”，但它无法飞得更高；它的运动方式取决于它所依附的表面——无论是水面还是地面。 \n\n1959年，对“Solent”进行的初步测试引起了轰动。 \n气垫船先在水面上行驶，然后驶上了沙滩，接着爬上了沙丘，最后停在了道路上。 \n后来，它穿过了英吉利海峡，平稳地掠过海浪——整个过程没有任何问题。 \n\n从那时起，各种类型的气垫船相继问世，并开始被广泛使用（即投入日常运营）。 \n气垫船在通信条件较差的广大地区（如非洲或澳大利亚）特别有用。 \n它可以变成一个“会飞的果盘”，负责将香蕉从种植园运送到港口。 \n巨大的气垫船客轮或许能够横渡大西洋。 \n未来的铁路很可能会是“悬浮列车”。 \n这种装置依靠空气垫在单根轨道上行驶，且从未与轨道接触；其行驶速度可达到每小时300英里。由此看来，它的应用可能性似乎是无限的。 \n\n--EGON LARSEN《帕伽索斯发明家之书》--",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/29－The Hovercraft.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.31,
       "text": "What is a hovercraft riding on when it is in motion?",
@@ -545,13 +583,15 @@
     "id": "AWZUIs",
     "title": "Exploring the sea-floor",
     "titleTranslate": "海底勘探",
-    "text": "Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago was confined to the two-dimensional shape of the sea surface\nand the hazards of navigation presented by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land.\nThe open sea was deep and mysterious,\nand anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the sea-bed was flat.\nSir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2, 400 fathoms in 1839,\nbut it was not until 1869, when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises\nthat a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom.\nShortly after this the famous H.M.S. Challenger expedition established the study of the sea-floor\nas a subject worthy of the most qualified physicists and geologists.\nA burst of activity associated with the laying of submarine cables\nsoon confirmed the Challenger's observation that many parts of the ocean were two to three miles deep,\nand the existence of underwater features of considerable magnitude.\nToday, enough soundings are available to enable a relief map of the Atlantic to be drawn\nand we know something of the great variety of the sea bed's topography.\nSince the sea covers the greater part of the earth's surface,\nit is quite reasonable to regard the sea floor as the basic form of the crust of the earth,\nwith superimposed upon it the continents,\ntogether with the islands and other features of the oceans.\nThe continents form rugged tablelands which stand nearly three miles above the floor of the open ocean.\nFrom the shore line, out to a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles,\nruns the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents.\nThe real dividing line between continents and oceans occurs at the foot of a steeper slope.\nThis continental slope usually starts at a place somewhere near the 100-fathom mark\nand in the course of a few hundred miles reaches the true ocean floor at 2, 500-3, 500 fathoms.\nThe slope averages about 1 in 30, but contains steep,\nprobably vertical, cliffs, and gentle sediment-covered terraces,\nand near its lower reaches there is a long tailing-off which is almost certainly the result of\nmaterial transported out to deep water after being eroded from the continental masses.",
-    "textTranslate": "一百年前，我们对海洋的了解仅限于海面的二维形态。\n以及由于靠近陆地的浅水区水深不均匀所带来的航行危险。\n广阔的海洋深邃而神秘。\n任何稍微思考过海洋底部情况的人，很可能都认为海床是平坦的。\n詹姆斯·克拉克·罗斯爵士在1839年测得水深超过了2,400英寻（约4,267米）。\n但直到 1869 年，“H.M.S. Porcupine”号才被交由皇家学会使用，用于多次科学考察航行。\n在大西洋进行了一系列深海探测，并通过挖掘海底的方式采集到了首批样本。\n不久之后，著名的H.M.S.挑战者号探险队开始了对海底的研究工作。\n一个值得最顶尖物理学家和地质学家研究的课题。\n与铺设海底电缆相关的一系列活动迅速展开。\n很快证实了挑战者的观察结果：海洋的许多区域深度在两到三英里之间。\n以及水下存在一些规模相当大的地质结构（或地貌特征）。\n如今，我们已经收集到了足够多的数据，可以绘制出大西洋的海底地形图（即“海底 relief map”）。\n我们对海底地形的多样性也有所了解。\n由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的大部分区域，\n将海底视为地球地壳的基本构成部分，这是完全合理的。\n大陆叠加其上，\n连同海洋中的岛屿以及其他地形特征一起。\n这些大陆形成了崎岖的高原地带，其海拔高度几乎达到了开放海域底部的三英里（约4.8公里）。\n从海岸线开始，延伸到距离海岸几英里到几百英里的范围内……\n沿着大陆架的平缓坡度延伸；从地质学角度来看，大陆架属于大陆的一部分。\n实际上，大陆与海洋之间的分界线位于一个更陡峭的斜坡的底部。\n这个大陆坡通常始于水深约100英寻（约183米）的位置。\n在延伸数百英里后，它最终抵达真正的海底，那里的水深为2,500至3,500英寻（约4,572至6,400米）。\n坡度的平均比例约为1:30（即每水平延伸30单位，垂直下降1单位），但其中也包含陡峭的、\n可能是垂直的悬崖，以及被松软沉积物覆盖的缓坡地形。\n在其下端附近，有一段逐渐变缓的延伸带，这几乎可以肯定是\n这些物质是从大陆上被侵蚀后，被输送到深水区的。",
+    "text": "Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago was confined to the two-dimensional shape of the sea surface \nand the hazards of navigation presented by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land. \nThe open sea was deep and mysterious, \nand anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the sea-bed was flat. \nSir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2, 400 fathoms in 1839, \nbut it was not until 1869, when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of the Royal Society for several cruises \nthat a series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the first samples were collected by dredging the bottom. \nShortly after this the famous H.M.S. Challenger expedition established the study of the sea-floor \nas a subject worthy of the most qualified physicists and geologists. \nA burst of activity associated with the laying of submarine cables \nsoon confirmed the Challenger's observation that many parts of the ocean were two to three miles deep, \nand the existence of underwater features of considerable magnitude.\n\nToday, enough soundings are available to enable a relief map of the Atlantic to be drawn \nand we know something of the great variety of the sea bed's topography. \nSince the sea covers the greater part of the earth's surface, \nit is quite reasonable to regard the sea floor as the basic form of the crust of the earth, \nwith superimposed upon it the continents, \ntogether with the islands and other features of the oceans. \nThe continents form rugged tablelands which stand nearly three miles above the floor of the open ocean. \nFrom the shore line, out to a distance which may be anywhere from a few miles to a few hundred miles, \nruns the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents. \nThe real dividing line between continents and oceans occurs at the foot of a steeper slope.\n\nThis continental slope usually starts at a place somewhere near the 100-fathom mark \nand in the course of a few hundred miles reaches the true ocean floor at 2, 500-3, 500 fathoms. \nThe slope averages about 1 in 30, but contains steep, \nprobably vertical, cliffs, and gentle sediment-covered terraces, \nand near its lower reaches there is a long tailing-off which is almost certainly the result of \nmaterial transported out to deep water after being eroded from the continental masses.\n\n--T.F.GASKELL Exploring the Sea-floor from Science Survey--",
+    "textTranslate": "一百年前，我们对海洋的了解仅限于海面的二维形态。 \n以及由于靠近陆地的浅水区水深不均匀所带来的航行危险。 \n广阔的海洋深邃而神秘。 \n任何稍微思考过海洋底部情况的人，很可能都认为海床是平坦的。 \n詹姆斯·克拉克·罗斯爵士在1839年测得水深超过了2,400英寻（约4,267米）。 \n但直到 1869 年，“H.M.S. Porcupine”号才被交由皇家学会使用，用于多次科学考察航行。 \n在大西洋进行了一系列深海探测，并通过挖掘海底的方式采集到了首批样本。 \n不久之后，著名的H.M.S.挑战者号探险队开始了对海底的研究工作。 \n一个值得最顶尖物理学家和地质学家研究的课题。 \n与铺设海底电缆相关的一系列活动迅速展开。 \n很快证实了挑战者的观察结果：海洋的许多区域深度在两到三英里之间。 \n以及水下存在一些规模相当大的地质结构（或地貌特征）。 \n\n如今，我们已经收集到了足够多的数据，可以绘制出大西洋的海底地形图（即“海底 relief map”）。 \n我们对海底地形的多样性也有所了解。 \n由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的大部分区域， \n将海底视为地球地壳的基本构成部分，这是完全合理的。 \n大陆叠加其上， \n连同海洋中的岛屿以及其他地形特征一起。 \n这些大陆形成了崎岖的高原地带，其海拔高度几乎达到了开放海域底部的三英里（约4.8公里）。 \n从海岸线开始，延伸到距离海岸几英里到几百英里的范围内…… \n沿着大陆架的平缓坡度延伸；从地质学角度来看，大陆架属于大陆的一部分。 \n实际上，大陆与海洋之间的分界线位于一个更陡峭的斜坡的底部。 \n\n这个大陆坡通常始于水深约100英寻（约183米）的位置。 \n在延伸数百英里后，它最终抵达真正的海底，那里的水深为2,500至3,500英寻（约4,572至6,400米）。 \n坡度的平均比例约为1:30（即每水平延伸30单位，垂直下降1单位），但其中也包含陡峭的、 \n可能是垂直的悬崖，以及被松软沉积物覆盖的缓坡地形。 \n在其下端附近，有一段逐渐变缓的延伸带，这几乎可以肯定是 \n这些物质是从大陆上被侵蚀后，被输送到深水区的。 \n\n--T.F.GASKELL从科学考察中探索海底--",
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       "start": 9.48,
       "text": "How did people probably imagine the sea-floor before it was investigated?",
@@ -563,13 +603,15 @@
     "id": "-DoSGX",
     "title": "The sculptor speaks",
     "titleTranslate": "雕塑家的语言",
-    "text": "Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in 3 dimensions.\nThat is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts;\ncertainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions.\nMany more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind.\nThe child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths.\nLater, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly 3-dimensonal distances.\nBut having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further.\nThough they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form,\nthey do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.\nThis is what the sculptor must do.\nHe must strive continually to think of and use, form in its full spatial completeness.\nHe gets the solid shape as it were, inside his head--he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand.\nHe mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself;\nhe knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like; he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight;\nhe realizes its volume as the space that the shape displaces in the air.\nAnd the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence.\nHe must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape quite apart from its significance as food,\nor from the literary idea that it will become a bird.\nAnd so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom,\na mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone.\nFrom these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.",
-    "textTranslate": "对雕塑的欣赏，取决于人们能否理解和回应三维空间中的形态（即雕塑的立体结构与形态特征）。\n也许正因为如此，雕塑才被人们称为所有艺术形式中最难掌握的一种。\n当然，这比那些只需要欣赏二维平面形状的艺术形式要困难得多。\n有'形式盲'的人比有色盲的人多得多\n正在学习视力的孩子最初只能识别二维的形状；他们还无法判断距离或物体的深度。\n后来，为了自身安全和实际需要，它必须（部分通过触觉）培养出大致判断三维距离的能力\n然而，在满足了实际需求之后，大多数人就不会再进一步去追求更高的目标了。\n尽管他们在识别平面形状方面可以达到相当高的准确度\n他们没有付出进一步的智力与情感努力，去全面理解“形式”在其空间存在中的本质（即形式在三维空间中的具体表现方式）。\n这就是雕塑家必须做的事情。\n他必须不断努力去思考和运用形式在空间中的完整性\n他在脑海中清晰地想象出那个物体的形状；无论这个物体的实际大小如何，他都仿佛能够将其完全握在手中一样。\n他在脑海中从各个角度想象出一个复杂的形体\n他看着一面时就知道另一面是什么样子；他体会其重心、质量和重量\n他认识到这个物体的“体积”，其实就是该物体在空气中占据的空间（即该物体将空气“挤开”后所形成的空间）。\n对于雕塑而言，敏锐的观察者也必须学会纯粹地将形状视为形状本身来感知它，而不是将其视为某种描述或回忆的象征。\n例如，他必须将鸡蛋仅仅视为一个简单的、独立的固体形状，而忽略其作为食物的意义。\n也不把它看作会变成鸟的文学意象\n同样，对于贝壳、坚果、李子、梨、蝌蚪、蘑菇等固体\n山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟、花蕾、云雀、瓢虫、香蒲、骨头\n从这些出发，他可以进而欣赏更复杂的形式或多种形式的组合",
+    "text": "Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in 3 dimensions. \nThat is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; \ncertainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. \nMany more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. \nThe child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. \nLater, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly 3-dimensonal distances. \nBut having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. \nThough they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, \nthey do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.\n\nThis is what the sculptor must do. \nHe must strive continually to think of and use, form in its full spatial completeness. \nHe gets the solid shape as it were, inside his head--he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. \nHe mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; \nhe knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like; he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; \nhe realizes its volume as the space that the shape displaces in the air.\n\nAnd the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. \nHe must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape quite apart from its significance as food, \nor from the literary idea that it will become a bird. \nAnd so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, \na mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. \nFrom these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.\n\n--HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The Listener--",
+    "textTranslate": "对雕塑的欣赏，取决于人们能否理解和回应三维空间中的形态（即雕塑的立体结构与形态特征）。 \n也许正因为如此，雕塑才被人们称为所有艺术形式中最难掌握的一种。 \n当然，这比那些只需要欣赏二维平面形状的艺术形式要困难得多。 \n有'形式盲'的人比有色盲的人多得多 \n正在学习视力的孩子最初只能识别二维的形状；他们还无法判断距离或物体的深度。 \n后来，为了自身安全和实际需要，它必须（部分通过触觉）培养出大致判断三维距离的能力 \n然而，在满足了实际需求之后，大多数人就不会再进一步去追求更高的目标了。 \n尽管他们在识别平面形状方面可以达到相当高的准确度 \n他们没有付出进一步的智力与情感努力，去全面理解“形式”在其空间存在中的本质（即形式在三维空间中的具体表现方式）。 \n\n这就是雕塑家必须做的事情。 \n他必须不断努力去思考和运用形式在空间中的完整性 \n他在脑海中清晰地想象出那个物体的形状；无论这个物体的实际大小如何，他都仿佛能够将其完全握在手中一样。 \n他在脑海中从各个角度想象出一个复杂的形体 \n他看着一面时就知道另一面是什么样子；他体会其重心、质量和重量 \n他认识到这个物体的“体积”，其实就是该物体在空气中占据的空间（即该物体将空气“挤开”后所形成的空间）。 \n\n对于雕塑而言，敏锐的观察者也必须学会纯粹地将形状视为形状本身来感知它，而不是将其视为某种描述或回忆的象征。 \n例如，他必须将鸡蛋仅仅视为一个简单的、独立的固体形状，而忽略其作为食物的意义。 \n也不把它看作会变成鸟的文学意象 \n同样，对于贝壳、坚果、李子、梨、蝌蚪、蘑菇等固体 \n山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟、花蕾、云雀、瓢虫、香蒲、骨头 \n从这些出发，他可以进而欣赏更复杂的形式或多种形式的组合 \n\n--雕塑家亨利·摩尔 《从听众那里说话》--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.95,
       "text": "What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?",
@@ -581,13 +623,15 @@
     "id": "8DaZsE",
     "title": "Galileo reborn",
     "titleTranslate": "伽利略的复生",
-    "text": "In his own lifetime Galileo was the centre of violent controversy, but the scientific dust has long since settled,\nand today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition in something like its proper perspective.\nBut, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.\nThe old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.\nHe was, above all, a man who experimented:\nwho despised the prejudice and book learning of the Aristotelians,\nwho put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly.\nHe had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky,\nand he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together.\nHe was the man who climbed the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped various weights from the top,\nwho rolled balls down inclined planes, and then generalized the results of his many experiments into the famous law of free fall.\nBut a closer study of the evidence,\nsupported by a deeper sense of the period, and particularly by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution,\nhas profoundly modified this view of Galileo.\nToday, although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings, among historians of science a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged.\nAt the same time our sympathy for Galileo's opponents has grown somewhat.\nHis telescopic observations are justly immortal;\nthey aroused great interest at the time,\nthey had important theoretical consequences,\nand they provided a striking demonstration of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus.\nBut can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw,\nif we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one's instrument?\nWas the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo's telescope more culpable than those who alleged\nthat the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse's great telescope in the 1840s were scratches left by the grinder?\nWe can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spyglass if we recall that in his day,\nas for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth;\nand if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?",
-    "textTranslate": "在伽利略有生之年，他一直是激烈争议的焦点；然而，那些科学上的争论早已平息，尘埃也已落定。\n今天，我们终于能够以更加客观的角度来看待他那场著名的与宗教裁判所的冲突了。\n然而，相比之下，直到现代，伽利略才成为科学史学家们眼中的一个麻烦人物。\n人们对伽利略的看法过去非常简单明了（即：人们过去对伽利略的看法非常直接、容易理解）。\n他首先是一个喜欢进行实验的人。\n他鄙视亚里士多德学派的偏见和迂腐的书本知识，\n他把问题提给大自然而不是古人，并勇敢地得出结论。\n他是第一个将望远镜对准天空的人。\n他看到了足够的证据，足以推翻亚里士多德和托勒密的理论。\n他就是那个爬上比萨斜塔并从塔顶扔下各种重物的人。\n他让球体沿斜面滚下，然后将众多实验结果归纳成著名的自由落体定律。\n但是，对证据进行更仔细的研究之后……\n这种研究建立在对那个时代更深刻的理解之上，特别是对科学革命中哲学暗流的全新认识。\n这极大地改变了人们对伽利略的看法。\n如今，尽管老伽利略的形象仍然存在于许多通俗的文学作品中，但在科学史学家们看来，关于他的新观点和更复杂的认识已经逐渐形成。\n与此同时，我们对伽利略的反对者的同情心也有所增加。\n他的望远镜观测成果当之无愧地被载入史册，永垂不朽。\n它们在当时引起了极大的兴趣。\n它们具有重要的理论意义，\n它们生动地展示了仪器和设备中蕴藏的巨大潜力。\n但是，我们能责怪那些明明有机会却未能看到伽利略所发现的东西的人吗？\n如果我们记得：要使用一台性能已达到极限的望远镜，就需要具备丰富的使用经验，并且对这台仪器有非常深入的了解（即对其工作原理、操作方法等了如指掌）的话……\n那位拒绝通过伽利略的望远镜观察的哲学家，是否比那些声称...\n那些在19世纪40年代由罗斯勋爵使用他的大型望远镜观测到的螺旋星云，其实只是研磨机留下的痕迹罢了？\n如果我们记得在他那个时代，和几个世纪前一样，曲面玻璃是流行的造假工具，产生的不是真相而是幻象，那么我们或许可以原谅那些说木星的卫星是伽利略的望远镜造出来的人。\n因为如果单片曲面玻璃就会扭曲自然，那么双片曲面玻璃造成的扭曲岂不更严重？\n如果一块弯曲的玻璃都会扭曲自然界的景象，那么两块弯曲的玻璃又会产生多大的扭曲效果呢？",
+    "text": "In his own lifetime Galileo was the centre of violent controversy, but the scientific dust has long since settled, \nand today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition in something like its proper perspective. \nBut, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.\n\nThe old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated. \nHe was, above all, a man who experimented: \nwho despised the prejudice and book learning of the Aristotelians, \nwho put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly. \nHe had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky, \nand he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together. \nHe was the man who climbed the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped various weights from the top, \nwho rolled balls down inclined planes, and then generalized the results of his many experiments into the famous law of free fall.\n\nBut a closer study of the evidence, \nsupported by a deeper sense of the period, and particularly by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution, \nhas profoundly modified this view of Galileo. \nToday, although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings, among historians of science a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged. \nAt the same time our sympathy for Galileo's opponents has grown somewhat. \nHis telescopic observations are justly immortal; \nthey aroused great interest at the time, \nthey had important theoretical consequences, \nand they provided a striking demonstration of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus. \nBut can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw, \nif we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one's instrument? \nWas the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo's telescope more culpable than those who alleged \nthat the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse's great telescope in the 1840s were scratches left by the grinder? \nWe can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spyglass if we recall that in his day, \nas for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; \nand if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them?\n\n--MICHAEL HOSKIN Galileo Reborn from The Listener--",
+    "textTranslate": "在伽利略有生之年，他一直是激烈争议的焦点；然而，那些科学上的争论早已平息，尘埃也已落定。 \n今天，我们终于能够以更加客观的角度来看待他那场著名的与宗教裁判所的冲突了。 \n然而，相比之下，直到现代，伽利略才成为科学史学家们眼中的一个麻烦人物。 \n\n人们对伽利略的看法过去非常简单明了（即：人们过去对伽利略的看法非常直接、容易理解）。 \n他首先是一个喜欢进行实验的人。 \n他鄙视亚里士多德学派的偏见和迂腐的书本知识， \n他把问题提给大自然而不是古人，并勇敢地得出结论。 \n他是第一个将望远镜对准天空的人。 \n他看到了足够的证据，足以推翻亚里士多德和托勒密的理论。 \n他就是那个爬上比萨斜塔并从塔顶扔下各种重物的人。 \n他让球体沿斜面滚下，然后将众多实验结果归纳成著名的自由落体定律。 \n\n但是，对证据进行更仔细的研究之后…… \n这种研究建立在对那个时代更深刻的理解之上，特别是对科学革命中哲学暗流的全新认识。 \n这极大地改变了人们对伽利略的看法。 \n如今，尽管老伽利略的形象仍然存在于许多通俗的文学作品中，但在科学史学家们看来，关于他的新观点和更复杂的认识已经逐渐形成。 \n与此同时，我们对伽利略的反对者的同情心也有所增加。 \n他的望远镜观测成果当之无愧地被载入史册，永垂不朽。 \n它们在当时引起了极大的兴趣。 \n它们具有重要的理论意义， \n它们生动地展示了仪器和设备中蕴藏的巨大潜力。 \n但是，我们能责怪那些明明有机会却未能看到伽利略所发现的东西的人吗？ \n如果我们记得：要使用一台性能已达到极限的望远镜，就需要具备丰富的使用经验，并且对这台仪器有非常深入的了解（即对其工作原理、操作方法等了如指掌）的话…… \n那位拒绝通过伽利略的望远镜观察的哲学家，是否比那些声称... \n那些在19世纪40年代由罗斯勋爵使用他的大型望远镜观测到的螺旋星云，其实只是研磨机留下的痕迹罢了？ \n如果我们记得在他那个时代，和几个世纪前一样，曲面玻璃是流行的造假工具，产生的不是真相而是幻象，那么我们或许可以原谅那些说木星的卫星是伽利略的望远镜造出来的人。 \n因为如果单片曲面玻璃就会扭曲自然，那么双片曲面玻璃造成的扭曲岂不更严重？ \n如果一块弯曲的玻璃都会扭曲自然界的景象，那么两块弯曲的玻璃又会产生多大的扭曲效果呢？ \n\n--迈克尔·霍斯金·伽利略从《倾听者》中重生--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.06,
       "text": "What has modified our traditional view of Galileo in recent times?",
@@ -599,13 +643,15 @@
     "id": "OdY2XN",
     "title": "Education",
     "titleTranslate": "教育",
-    "text": "Education is one of the key words of our time.\nA man without an education, many of us believe,\nis an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.\nConvinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest'\nin the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.\nEducation, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out,\npunctuated by textbooks--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits?\nSo much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers,\nlawyers and defendants marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different.\nWe would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory,\non applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens.\nIf our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable.\nAmong tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all;\nit is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.\nIt is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.\nIn primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.\nThere are no'illiterates' --if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642,\nin France in 1806, and in England in 1876 and is still nonexistent in a number of 'civilized' nations.\nThis shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure\nthat all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.\nEducation in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.\nAll are entitled to an equal start.\nThere is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality.\nThere, a child grows up under the everpresent attention of his parents;\ntherefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'.\nNo necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.",
-    "textTranslate": "“教育”是我们这个时代的核心关键词之一。\n我们中的许多人认为，一个没有受过教育的人……\n是恶劣环境的不幸受害者，被剥夺了20世纪最伟大的机遇之一。\n确信教育的重要性，现代国家‘投资’于教育机构，以‘利息’的形式\n收回一群有教养的青年男女，他们是潜在的领导者。\n教育，其教学流程都是经过精心设计的……\n被教科书——那些可以购买的智慧之井——所点缀，如果没有它的好处，文明会是什么样子？\n有几点是确定的：我们一定会拥有医生和传教士。\n律师和被告，婚姻和出生——但我们的精神面貌会有所不同。\n我们会减少对“事实和数据”的依赖，而更加重视良好的记忆力。\n应用心理学，以及一个人与同胞相处的能力。\n如果我们的教育体系模仿其无书籍的过去，我们会有可以想象的最民主的‘大学’形式。\n在部落社会中，所有通过传统传承下来的知识都是大家共同拥有的。\n它被传授给部落的每个成员，因此在这方面每个人都同样为生活做好了准备。\n这是‘平等起步’的理想条件，只有我们最进步的现代教育形式才试图重新获得。\n在原始文化中，寻求并接受传统教诲的义务对所有人都是具有约束力的。\n没有‘文盲’——如果这个词可以适用于没有文字的民族——而我们的义务教育在1642年成为德国的法律，\n1806年在法国，1876年在英国，而在许多‘文明’国家仍然不存在。\n这表明过了多久我们才认为有必要确保\n我们所有的孩子都能分享过去几个世纪里‘少数幸运儿’积累的知识。\n荒野中的教育不是金钱手段的问题。\n每个人都应该拥有平等的起点。\n没有那种在我们社会中常常阻碍成长个性全面发展的匆忙。\n在那里，一个孩子在父母无时无刻不在的关注下长大。\n因此，丛林和热带草原不知道有‘少年犯罪’。\n没有离家谋生的必要导致对孩子的忽视，也没有父亲面对自己无力为孩子‘购买’教育的困境。",
+    "text": "Education is one of the key words of our time. \nA man without an education, many of us believe, \nis an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. \nConvinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' \nin the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. \nEducation, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, \npunctuated by textbooks--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits?\n\nSo much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, \nlawyers and defendants marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different. \nWe would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, \non applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. \nIf our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable. \nAmong tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; \nit is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.\n\nIt is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. \nIn primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. \nThere are no'illiterates' --if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, \nin France in 1806, and in England in 1876 and is still nonexistent in a number of 'civilized' nations. \nThis shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure \nthat all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries. \nEducation in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. \nAll are entitled to an equal start. \nThere is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. \nThere, a child grows up under the everpresent attention of his parents; \ntherefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'. \nNo necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.\n\n--JULIUS E. LIPS The Origin of Things--",
+    "textTranslate": "“教育”是我们这个时代的核心关键词之一。 \n我们中的许多人认为，一个没有受过教育的人…… \n是恶劣环境的不幸受害者，被剥夺了20世纪最伟大的机遇之一。 \n确信教育的重要性，现代国家‘投资’于教育机构，以‘利息’的形式 \n收回一群有教养的青年男女，他们是潜在的领导者。 \n教育，其教学流程都是经过精心设计的…… \n被教科书——那些可以购买的智慧之井——所点缀，如果没有它的好处，文明会是什么样子？ \n\n有几点是确定的：我们一定会拥有医生和传教士。 \n律师和被告，婚姻和出生——但我们的精神面貌会有所不同。 \n我们会减少对“事实和数据”的依赖，而更加重视良好的记忆力。 \n应用心理学，以及一个人与同胞相处的能力。 \n如果我们的教育体系模仿其无书籍的过去，我们会有可以想象的最民主的‘大学’形式。 \n在部落社会中，所有通过传统传承下来的知识都是大家共同拥有的。 \n它被传授给部落的每个成员，因此在这方面每个人都同样为生活做好了准备。 \n\n这是‘平等起步’的理想条件，只有我们最进步的现代教育形式才试图重新获得。 \n在原始文化中，寻求并接受传统教诲的义务对所有人都是具有约束力的。 \n没有‘文盲’——如果这个词可以适用于没有文字的民族——而我们的义务教育在1642年成为德国的法律， \n1806年在法国，1876年在英国，而在许多‘文明’国家仍然不存在。 \n这表明过了多久我们才认为有必要确保 \n我们所有的孩子都能分享过去几个世纪里‘少数幸运儿’积累的知识。 \n荒野中的教育不是金钱手段的问题。 \n每个人都应该拥有平等的起点。 \n没有那种在我们社会中常常阻碍成长个性全面发展的匆忙。 \n在那里，一个孩子在父母无时无刻不在的关注下长大。 \n因此，丛林和热带草原不知道有‘少年犯罪’。 \n没有离家谋生的必要导致对孩子的忽视，也没有父亲面对自己无力为孩子‘购买’教育的困境。 \n\n--朱利厄斯·利普斯《事物的起源》--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.92,
       "text": "Why is education democratic in bookless tribal societies?",
@@ -617,13 +663,15 @@
     "id": "9Cr_aY",
     "title": "Adolescence",
     "titleTranslate": "青春期",
-    "text": "Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture,\nand often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed.\nThey may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents.\nSuch a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents,\nand makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit.\nBefore very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything,\nbut they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.\nDisillusionment with the parents,\nhowever good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.\nMost children have such a high ideal of their parents,\nunless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.\nParents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility,\nand how much this faith means to a child.\nIf parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction,\nand realized that was a sign that the child was growing up\nand developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment,\nthey would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.\nThe adolescent, with his passion for sincerity,\nalways respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant,\nor even that he has been unfair or unjust.\nWhat the child cannot forgive is the parents' refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.\nVictorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude in fact they did nothing of the kind,\nbut children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt.\nToday we tend to go to the other extreme,\nbut on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent.\nIt is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.",
-    "textTranslate": "当孩子们夸赞朋友家的环境时，父母往往会感到不满，他们认为这种行为是对自己烹饪水平、清洁工作或家具质量的贬低。\n他们常常犯愚蠢的错误，让青少年察觉到他们其实很恼火（或：他们总是犯傻，以至于让青少年看出来他们很生气）。\n他们甚至可能会指责孩子不忠，或者对那些朋友的父母说一些刻薄的话。\n成年人这种丧失尊严、行为变得幼稚的现象，令青少年们感到极为震惊。\n这让他们决定：以后不会再和父母谈论自己去过的地方或遇到的人。\n用不了多久，父母们就会开始抱怨孩子太保密了，从不跟他们透露任何事情。\n但他们很少意识到，这一切其实都是他们自己造成的。\n对父母的失望（或：对父母的失望情绪）\n无论父母作为父母或作为个体有多么优秀和称职，孩子对他们的失望在某种程度上都是不可避免的。\n大多数孩子对他们的父母都有着非常高的期望（或：对父母有着非常美好的想象）。\n除非父母本身的表现令人不满意，否则这种理想很难经得起现实的评估。\n如果父母意识到他们的孩子通常对自己的人格以及他们的“绝对正确性”抱有多大的信任，他们一定会感到非常惊讶和深受感动。\n以及这种信念对一个孩子来说意味着什么。\n如果父母能够预料到青少年会有这样的反应……\n并意识到这正是孩子正在成长的一个迹象\n同时培养出宝贵的观察能力和独立判断力。\n他们就不会受到那么大的伤害；因此，也不会因为感到怨恨和抗拒而让孩子与他们产生对立情绪。\n这个青少年，对真诚充满热情……\n总是尊重那些承认自己犯错或无知的父母。\n甚至承认自己行为不公平或不公正。\n孩子无法原谅的是：如果孩子知道父母的这些过错是事实，父母却拒绝承认。\n维多利亚时代的父母认为，通过采取一种不合理的专断态度可以维护自己的尊严；但实际上，他们根本没有做到这一点。\n但那时孩子们都太胆小了，不敢说出自己的真实感受。\n如今，我们往往走向另一个极端。\n但总体来说，这种态度对孩子的成长以及父母的心理状态都有益处（即更健康）。\n无论此刻的现实有多么痛苦，直面现实总是更为明智、也更安全的选择。",
+    "text": "Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, \nand often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. \nThey may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. \nSuch a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, \nand makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. \nBefore very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, \nbut they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.\n\nDisillusionment with the parents, \nhowever good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. \nMost children have such a high ideal of their parents, \nunless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. \nParents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, \nand how much this faith means to a child. \nIf parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, \nand realized that was a sign that the child was growing up \nand developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, \nthey would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.\n\nThe adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, \nalways respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, \nor even that he has been unfair or unjust. \nWhat the child cannot forgive is the parents' refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. \nVictorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude in fact they did nothing of the kind, \nbut children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. \nToday we tend to go to the other extreme, \nbut on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. \nIt is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.\n\n--DOTID OFLUM Journey Through Adolescence--",
+    "textTranslate": "当孩子们夸赞朋友家的环境时，父母往往会感到不满，他们认为这种行为是对自己烹饪水平、清洁工作或家具质量的贬低。 \n他们常常犯愚蠢的错误，让青少年察觉到他们其实很恼火（或：他们总是犯傻，以至于让青少年看出来他们很生气）。 \n他们甚至可能会指责孩子不忠，或者对那些朋友的父母说一些刻薄的话。 \n成年人这种丧失尊严、行为变得幼稚的现象，令青少年们感到极为震惊。 \n这让他们决定：以后不会再和父母谈论自己去过的地方或遇到的人。 \n用不了多久，父母们就会开始抱怨孩子太保密了，从不跟他们透露任何事情。 \n但他们很少意识到，这一切其实都是他们自己造成的。 \n\n对父母的失望， \n无论父母作为父母或作为个体有多么优秀和称职，孩子对他们的失望在某种程度上都是不可避免的。 \n大多数孩子对他们的父母都有着非常高的期望（或：对父母有着非常美好的想象）。 \n除非父母本身的表现令人不满意，否则这种理想很难经得起现实的评估。 \n如果父母意识到他们的孩子通常对自己的人格以及他们的“绝对正确性”抱有多大的信任，他们一定会感到非常惊讶和深受感动。 \n以及这种信念对一个孩子来说意味着什么。 \n如果父母能够预料到青少年会有这样的反应…… \n并意识到这正是孩子正在成长的一个迹象 \n同时培养出宝贵的观察能力和独立判断力。 \n他们就不会受到那么大的伤害；因此，也不会因为感到怨恨和抗拒而让孩子与他们产生对立情绪。 \n\n这个青少年，对真诚充满热情…… \n总是尊重那些承认自己犯错或无知的父母。 \n甚至承认自己行为不公平或不公正。 \n孩子无法原谅的是：如果孩子知道父母的这些过错是事实，父母却拒绝承认。 \n维多利亚时代的父母认为，通过采取一种不合理的专断态度可以维护自己的尊严；但实际上，他们根本没有做到这一点。 \n但那时孩子们都太胆小了，不敢说出自己的真实感受。 \n如今，我们往往走向另一个极端。 \n但总体来说，这种态度对孩子的成长以及父母的心理状态都有益处（即更健康）。 \n无论此刻的现实有多么痛苦，直面现实总是更为明智、也更安全的选择。 \n\n--DOTID OFLUM 《青春期之旅》--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 10.3,
       "text": "What do adolescents respect in parents?",
@@ -635,13 +683,15 @@
     "id": "rrbiSZ",
     "title": "Space odyssey",
     "titleTranslate": "太空探索",
-    "text": "The Moon is likely to become the industrial hub of the Solar System supplying the rocket fuels for its ships,\neasily obtainable from the lunar rocks in the form of liquid oxygen.\nThe reason lies in its gravity.\nBecause the Moon has only an eightieth of the Earth's mass,\nit requires 97% less energy\nto travel the quarter of a million miles from the Moon to Earth-orbit than the 200 mile-journey from Earth's surface into orbit!\nThis may sound fantastic, but it is easily calculated.\nTo escape from the Earth in a rocket, one must travel at seven miles per second.\nThe comparable speed from the Moon is only 1.5 miles per second.\nBecause the gravity on the Moon's surface is only a sixth of Earth's (remember how easily the Apollo astronauts bounded along),\nit takes much less energy to accelerate to that 1.5mps than it does on Earth.\nMoon dwellers will be able to fly in space at only three percent of the cost of similar journeys by their terrestrial cousins.\nArthur C.Clark once suggested a revolutionary idea passes through three phases:\n1.  'It's impossible--don't waste my time.'\n2.  'It's possible, but not worth doing.'\n3.  'I said it was a good idea all along.'\nThe idea of colonising Mars--a world 160 times more distant than the Moon--will move decisively from the second phase to the third,\nwhen a significant number of people are living permanently in space.\nMars has an extraordinary fascination for would-be voyagers.\nAmerica, Russia and Europe are filled with enthusiasts--many of them serious and senior scientists who dream of sending people to it.\nTheir aim is understandable.\nIt is the one world in the Solar System that is most like the Earth.\nIt is a world of red sandy deserts (hence its name--the Red Planet),\ncloudless skies, savage sandstorms, chasms wider than the Grand Canyon and at least one mountain more than twice as tall as Everest.\nIt seems ideal for settlement.",
-    "textTranslate": "月球很可能会成为太阳系的工业中心，为宇宙飞船提供所需的火箭燃料。\n这种物质可以从月球岩石中轻易提取出来，其形式为液态氧。\n原因在于它的重力。\n因为月球的质量只有地球的八十分之一，\n它所需的能量减少了 97%。\n从月球到地球轨道（长达二十五万英里）所需的能量，比从地球表面进入轨道（二百英里）所需的能量要少97%！\n这听起来可能令人难以置信，但这个结论是很容易计算出来的。\n要乘坐火箭逃离地球，必须以每秒七英里的速度飞行。\n从月球出发所需的相应速度仅为每秒1.5英里。\n因为月球表面的重力只有地球的六分之一（还记得阿波罗宇航员在月球上行走时是多么轻松自如吗？）\n在月球上，将物体加速到每秒1.5英里所需的能量要比在地球上少得多。\n月球居民在太空中旅行的费用，将仅为他们的地球表亲进行类似旅程所需费用的3%。\n阿瑟·C·克拉克曾提出一个观点：一个革命性的想法通常会经历三个阶段：\n“这不可能——别浪费我的时间了。”\n2. “这是可能的，但并不值得去做。”\n3. “我一直都说这是个好主意。”\n当有相当数量的人能够在太空中永久居住时，将火星（一个距离地球比月球远160倍的天体）殖民化的想法，将果断地从第二阶段进入第三阶段。\n当有相当数量的人能够在太空中永久居住时……\n火星对那些渴望踏上太空之旅的人来说，具有难以抗拒的吸引力。\n美国、俄罗斯和欧洲都有许多热衷者——其中许多是严肃资深的科学家，他们梦想着将人类送上火星。\n他们的目标是可以理解的。\n它是太阳系中与地球最为相似的行星。\n这是一个遍布红色沙质沙漠的世界（因此它被称为“红色星球”）。\n万里无云的天空、猛烈的沙尘暴、比大峡谷还要宽阔的峡谷，以及至少有一座比珠穆朗玛峰高出两倍以上的山峰。\n这似乎非常适合用于定居。",
+    "text": "The Moon is likely to become the industrial hub of the Solar System supplying the rocket fuels for its ships, \neasily obtainable from the lunar rocks in the form of liquid oxygen. \nThe reason lies in its gravity. \nBecause the Moon has only an eightieth of the Earth's mass, \nit requires 97% less energy \nto travel the quarter of a million miles from the Moon to Earth-orbit than the 200 mile-journey from Earth's surface into orbit! \nThis may sound fantastic, but it is easily calculated. \nTo escape from the Earth in a rocket, one must travel at seven miles per second. \nThe comparable speed from the Moon is only 1.5 miles per second. \nBecause the gravity on the Moon's surface is only a sixth of Earth's (remember how easily the Apollo astronauts bounded along), \nit takes much less energy to accelerate to that 1.5mps than it does on Earth. \nMoon dwellers will be able to fly in space at only three percent of the cost of similar journeys by their terrestrial cousins.\n\nArthur C.Clark once suggested a revolutionary idea passes through three phases:\n\n1.  'It's impossible--don't waste my time.'\n\n2.  'It's possible, but not worth doing.'\n\n3.  'I said it was a good idea all along.'\n\nThe idea of colonising Mars--a world 160 times more distant than the Moon--will move decisively from the second phase to the third, \nwhen a significant number of people are living permanently in space. \nMars has an extraordinary fascination for would-be voyagers. \nAmerica, Russia and Europe are filled with enthusiasts--many of them serious and senior scientists who dream of sending people to it. \nTheir aim is understandable. \nIt is the one world in the Solar System that is most like the Earth. \nIt is a world of red sandy deserts (hence its name--the Red Planet), \ncloudless skies, savage sandstorms, chasms wider than the Grand Canyon and at least one mountain more than twice as tall as Everest. \nIt seems ideal for settlement.\n\n--7 DAYS, February 19, 1989--",
+    "textTranslate": "月球很可能会成为太阳系的工业中心，为宇宙飞船提供所需的火箭燃料。 \n这种物质可以从月球岩石中轻易提取出来，其形式为液态氧。 \n原因在于它的重力。 \n因为月球的质量只有地球的八十分之一， \n它所需的能量减少了 97%。 \n从月球到地球轨道（长达二十五万英里）所需的能量，比从地球表面进入轨道（二百英里）所需的能量要少97%！ \n这听起来可能令人难以置信，但这个结论是很容易计算出来的。 \n要乘坐火箭逃离地球，必须以每秒七英里的速度飞行。 \n从月球出发所需的相应速度仅为每秒1.5英里。 \n因为月球表面的重力只有地球的六分之一（还记得阿波罗宇航员在月球上行走时是多么轻松自如吗？） \n在月球上，将物体加速到每秒1.5英里所需的能量要比在地球上少得多。 \n月球居民在太空中旅行的费用，将仅为他们的地球表亲进行类似旅程所需费用的3%。 \n\n阿瑟·C·克拉克曾提出一个观点：一个革命性的想法通常会经历三个阶段： \n\n“这不可能——别浪费我的时间了。” \n\n2. “这是可能的，但并不值得去做。” \n\n3. “我一直都说这是个好主意。” \n\n当有相当数量的人能够在太空中永久居住时，将火星（一个距离地球比月球远160倍的天体）殖民化的想法，将果断地从第二阶段进入第三阶段。 \n当有相当数量的人能够在太空中永久居住时…… \n火星对那些渴望踏上太空之旅的人来说，具有难以抗拒的吸引力。 \n美国、俄罗斯和欧洲都有许多热衷者——其中许多是严肃资深的科学家，他们梦想着将人类送上火星。 \n他们的目标是可以理解的。 \n它是太阳系中与地球最为相似的行星。 \n这是一个遍布红色沙质沙漠的世界（因此它被称为“红色星球”）。 \n万里无云的天空、猛烈的沙尘暴、比大峡谷还要宽阔的峡谷，以及至少有一座比珠穆朗玛峰高出两倍以上的山峰。 \n这似乎非常适合用于定居。 \n\n--1989年2月19日，第7天--",
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     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/35－Space Odyssey.mp3",
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.1,
       "text": "When will it be possible for us to think seriously about colonising Mars?",
@@ -653,13 +703,15 @@
     "id": "lfbAwh",
     "title": "The cost of government",
     "titleTranslate": "政府的开支",
-    "text": "If a nation is essentialy disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.\nThis increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.\nAnd it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.\nWhere the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.\nThis may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.\nAn enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.\nFor our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business.\nSuch administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation.\nThe administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business\ncan be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.\nIf they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities,\nand to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low.\nIt will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job without having another man to check upon what he is doing,\nkeep him in line, and report on him to someone else.\nBut if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job,\nthen the business will require armies of administrators, checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly.\nAs administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, will fall;\nand the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.\nIt is precisely the same with a nation.\nTo the extent that the people can be relied on to behave in a loyal and responsible manner,\nthe government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.\nBut if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation;\nand it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly.\nA disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.",
-    "textTranslate": "如果一个国家本质上处于分裂状态，那么维持国家的统一就只能依靠政府的力量了。\n这增加了政府的开支，相应地减少了可用于国家发展的经济资源。\n而且我们不应忘记：在这样一个贫穷且落后的国家里，这些资源是多么的匮乏（或者说，这些资源的数量是多么的有限）。\n在政府开支较高的地方，用于发展的资源相应地也会减少。\n这可以通过将一个国家的地位与一家私营企业的地位进行比较来说明。\n企业必须承担一定的成本和开支，才能维持自身的运营。\n就我们的目的而言，我们只关注一种成本——即管理和运营企业的成本。\n在企业中，这些行政开销就相当于一个国家中的政府开支。\n企业的行政开支之所以低，是因为企业里的每一位员工\n可以信赖他们会以最有利于公司利益的方式行事。\n如果他们每个人都能被信任去承担这样的责任的话……\n如果他们能够在自己的职责范围内主动采取行动，那么行政成本将会很低。\n行政成本之所以会很低，是因为每项工作只需要一个人负责，而不需要另一个人去监督他\n让他遵守规定，并向其他人汇报他的表现。\n但如果没有人能够被信任以忠诚和负责任的态度对待自己的工作的话……\n那么，企业将需要大量的管理人员、审核人员以及工头；相应的，管理成本也会随之增加。\n随着行政开支的增加，企业在扣除行政费用后的净利润也会相应下降。\n这样一来，企业可用于分配作为股息的资金，以及用于直接投资其未来发展与进步的资金，都会减少。\n对于一个国家来说，情况也是如此。\n在人们能够被信赖、会以忠诚和负责任的方式行事的前提下，\n政府并不需要大量的警察和公务员来维持社会秩序。\n但是，如果一个国家处于分裂状态，政府就无法确保人民的行为会符合国家的利益。\n它将不得不监视、检查和控制人民\n因此，一个分裂的国家不得不承担过高额的政府开支。",
+    "text": "If a nation is essentialy disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. \nThis increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. \nAnd it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. \nWhere the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.\n\nThis may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. \nAn enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. \nFor our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business. \nSuch administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. \nThe administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business \ncan be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. \nIf they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, \nand to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. \nIt will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job without having another man to check upon what he is doing, \nkeep him in line, and report on him to someone else. \nBut if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, \nthen the business will require armies of administrators, checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. \nAs administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, will fall; \nand the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.\n\nIt is precisely the same with a nation. \nTo the extent that the people can be relied on to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, \nthe government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. \nBut if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; \nand it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. \nA disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.\n\n--RAYMOND FROST The Backward Society--",
+    "textTranslate": "如果一个国家本质上处于分裂状态，那么维持国家的统一就只能依靠政府的力量了。 \n这增加了政府的开支，相应地减少了可用于国家发展的经济资源。 \n而且我们不应忘记：在这样一个贫穷且落后的国家里，这些资源是多么的匮乏（或者说，这些资源的数量是多么的有限）。 \n在政府开支较高的地方，用于发展的资源相应地也会减少。 \n\n这可以通过将一个国家的地位与一家私营企业的地位进行比较来说明。 \n企业必须承担一定的成本和开支，才能维持自身的运营。 \n就我们的目的而言，我们只关注一种成本——即管理和运营企业的成本。 \n在企业中，这些行政开销就相当于一个国家中的政府开支。 \n企业的行政开支之所以低，是因为企业里的每一位员工 \n可以信赖他们会以最有利于公司利益的方式行事。 \n如果他们每个人都能被信任去承担这样的责任的话…… \n如果他们能够在自己的职责范围内主动采取行动，那么行政成本将会很低。 \n行政成本之所以会很低，是因为每项工作只需要一个人负责，而不需要另一个人去监督他 \n让他遵守规定，并向其他人汇报他的表现。 \n但如果没有人能够被信任以忠诚和负责任的态度对待自己的工作的话…… \n那么，企业将需要大量的管理人员、审核人员以及工头；相应的，管理成本也会随之增加。 \n随着行政开支的增加，企业在扣除行政费用后的净利润也会相应下降。 \n这样一来，企业可用于分配作为股息的资金，以及用于直接投资其未来发展与进步的资金，都会减少。 \n\n对于一个国家来说，情况也是如此。 \n在人们能够被信赖、会以忠诚和负责任的方式行事的前提下， \n政府并不需要大量的警察和公务员来维持社会秩序。 \n但是，如果一个国家处于分裂状态，政府就无法确保人民的行为会符合国家的利益。 \n它将不得不监视、检查和控制人民 \n因此，一个分裂的国家不得不承担过高额的政府开支。\n\n--雷蒙德·弗罗斯特 《落后的社会》--",
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       "start": 11.16,
       "text": "What's the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?",
@@ -671,13 +723,15 @@
     "id": "axrNw9",
     "title": "The process of ageing",
     "titleTranslate": "衰老过程",
-    "text": "At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous.\nIt has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence: but at this age the likelihood of death is least.\nEarlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable;\nlater, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour and resistance which, though imperceptible at first\nwill finally become so steep that we can live no longer,\nhowever well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.\nThis decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.\nIt is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars,\naccidents and diseases we shall eventually 'die of old age', and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person,\nso that there are heavy odds in favour of our dying between the ages of 65 and 80.\nSome of us will die sooner, a few will live longer -- on into a ninth or tenth decade.\nBut the chances are against it,\nand there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.\nNormal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it.\nWe are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time,\nof becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident\nlike the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes.\nThey have also assumed that all animals,\nand probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things 'wear out'.\nMost animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do,\nif given the chance to live long enough;\nand mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun,\ndo in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present).\nBut these are not analogous to what happens when man ages.\nA run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound.\nAn old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending.\nBut a watch could never repair itself--it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction.\nWe could, at one time, repair ourselves--well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents.\nBetween twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power;\nan illness which at 12 would knock us over, at 80 can knock us out, and into our grave.\nIf we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve,\nit would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.",
-    "textTranslate": "在十二岁的时候，人体正处于最旺盛的发育阶段。\n它还没有达到自己的最大体型和最强壮的状态，其主人也尚未发挥出全部智力；不过在这个阶段，死亡的风险是最小的。\n早些时候，我们还是婴儿和幼儿，因此更加脆弱。\n后来，我们的体力和抵抗力会逐渐减弱；虽然这种变化起初并不明显，但最终会变得显而易见。\n最终，情况会变得如此糟糕（或：形势会变得如此严峻），以至于我们再也无法生存下去了。\n无论我们自己多么注重保养身体，无论社会和医生为我们提供了多么优质的医疗服务，情况依然可能不尽如人意。\n这种随着时间推移而逐渐减弱的能力或活力，被称为“衰老”。\n这是我们所有人都会遇到的最令人不快的发现之一：我们必须以这种方式拒绝某些事情（或选择放弃某些机会）。即使我们成功避开了战争，依然无法逃避这种无奈的现实。\n无论是意外事故还是疾病，我们最终都会“因年老而死亡”，而且这种死亡的发生率在人与人之间几乎没有差异。\n因此，我们在 65 到 80 岁之间死亡的概率非常高。\n我们中的一些人会早逝，而另一些人则会活得更长，甚至能活到九十多岁或一百岁。\n但是，这种可能性非常小（或者说，成功的几率很低）。\n无论我们多么幸运、身体多么强健，我们的生命都存在一个客观的、无法超越的极限。\n普通人往往会忘记这个过程，除非有人提醒他们。\n我们非常清楚人类会衰老这一事实；多年来，人们一直认为随着时间的推移，人体会逐渐失去活力（即身体机能会逐渐衰退）。\n随着年龄的增长，死亡风险增加这一事实是显而易见的。\n就像热水壶冷却下来，或者一双鞋子被穿破一样。\n他们还假设所有的动物……\n很可能其他生物（比如树木），甚至整个宇宙本身，按照自然规律也都会“逐渐磨损”或衰败。\n我们日常生活中观察到的大多数动物确实会像我们一样衰老。\n如果有机会活得足够长的话……\n以及像有故障的手表或太阳这样的机械系统。\n根据热力学第二定律，能量确实会逐渐耗尽（不过整个宇宙是否会最终耗尽能量，目前仍是一个有争议的问题）。\n但这些情况与人类衰老过程中的变化并不相似。\n一块虽然已经损坏（或功能失调）的手表仍然是一块手表，而且可以重新上发条（使其继续运行）。\n相比之下，一块旧手表会因为长时间的使用而变得非常破旧、不可靠，最终甚至不值得修理了。\n但是，手表永远无法自我修复——它并没有任何“活的”部件，只由金属构成，而金属会因摩擦而逐渐磨损。\n曾经，我们能够自我修复——至少能够修复到足以克服除那些瞬间致命的疾病和意外之外的所有伤害的程度。\n在十二岁到八十岁之间，我们逐渐失去了这种能力（或：在人生的这个阶段，我们逐渐丧失了某种特定的能力）。\n一种疾病：在12岁时就可能让我们倒下（失去健康），而在80岁时则可能让我们彻底失去生命，直接送我们进坟墓。\n如果我们能保持十二岁时那样的活力和精力……\n大约需要700年的时间，我们中的一半人会死去；再过700年，剩下的幸存者数量又会减少一半。",
+    "text": "At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. \nIt has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence: but at this age the likelihood of death is least. \nEarlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; \nlater, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour and resistance which, though imperceptible at first \nwill finally become so steep that we can live no longer, \nhowever well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us. \nThis decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing. \nIt is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, \naccidents and diseases we shall eventually 'die of old age', and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, \nso that there are heavy odds in favour of our dying between the ages of 65 and 80. \nSome of us will die sooner, a few will live longer -- on into a ninth or tenth decade. \nBut the chances are against it, \nand there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.\n\nNormal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. \nWe are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, \nof becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident \nlike the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. \nThey have also assumed that all animals, \nand probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things 'wear out'. \nMost animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, \nif given the chance to live long enough; \nand mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, \ndo in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). \nBut these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. \nA run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. \nAn old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. \nBut a watch could never repair itself--it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. \nWe could, at one time, repair ourselves--well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. \nBetween twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power; \nan illness which at 12 would knock us over, at 80 can knock us out, and into our grave. \nIf we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, \nit would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.\n\n--ALEX COMFORT The process of ageing--",
+    "textTranslate": "在十二岁的时候，人体正处于最旺盛的发育阶段。 \n它还没有达到自己的最大体型和最强壮的状态，其主人也尚未发挥出全部智力；不过在这个阶段，死亡的风险是最小的。 \n早些时候，我们还是婴儿和幼儿，因此更加脆弱。 \n后来，我们的体力和抵抗力会逐渐减弱；虽然这种变化起初并不明显，但最终会变得显而易见。 \n最终，情况会变得如此糟糕，以至于我们再也无法生存下去了。 \n无论我们自己多么注重保养身体，无论社会和医生为我们提供了多么优质的医疗服务，情况依然可能不尽如人意。 \n这种随着时间推移而逐渐减弱的能力或活力，被称为“衰老”。 \n这是我们所有人都会遇到的最令人不快的发现之一：我们必须以这种方式拒绝某些事情。即使我们成功避开了战争，依然无法逃避这种无奈的现实。 \n无论是意外事故还是疾病，我们最终都会“因年老而死亡”，而且这种死亡的发生率在人与人之间几乎没有差异。 \n因此，我们在 65 到 80 岁之间死亡的概率非常高。 \n我们中的一些人会早逝，而另一些人则会活得更长，甚至能活到九十多岁或一百岁。 \n但是，这种可能性非常小。 \n无论我们多么幸运、身体多么强健，我们的生命都存在一个客观的、无法超越的极限。 \n\n普通人往往会忘记这个过程，除非有人提醒他们。 \n我们非常清楚人类会衰老这一事实；多年来，人们一直认为随着时间的推移，人体会逐渐失去活力。 \n随着年龄的增长，死亡风险增加这一事实是显而易见的。 \n就像热水壶冷却下来，或者一双鞋子被穿破一样。 \n他们还假设所有的动物…… \n很可能其他生物，甚至整个宇宙本身，按照自然规律也都会“逐渐磨损”或衰败。 \n我们日常生活中观察到的大多数动物确实会像我们一样衰老。 \n如果有机会活得足够长的话…… \n以及像有故障的手表或太阳这样的机械系统。 \n根据热力学第二定律，能量确实会逐渐耗尽。 \n但这些情况与人类衰老过程中的变化并不相似。 \n一块虽然已经损坏的手表仍然是一块手表，而且可以重新上发条。 \n相比之下，一块旧手表会因为长时间的使用而变得非常破旧、不可靠，最终甚至不值得修理了。 \n但是，手表永远无法自我修复——它并没有任何“活的”部件，只由金属构成，而金属会因摩擦而逐渐磨损。 \n曾经，我们能够自我修复——至少能够修复到足以克服除那些瞬间致命的疾病和意外之外的所有伤害的程度。 \n在十二岁到八十岁之间，我们逐渐失去了这种能力。 \n一种疾病：在12岁时就可能让我们倒下，而在80岁时则可能让我们彻底失去生命，直接送我们进坟墓。 \n如果我们能保持十二岁时那样的活力和精力…… \n大约需要700年的时间，我们中的一半人会死去；再过700年，剩下的幸存者数量又会减少一半。 \n\n--亚历克斯·康富特 《衰老过程》--",
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       "start": 11.66,
       "text": "What is one of the most unpleasant discoveries we make about ourselves as we get older?",
@@ -689,13 +743,15 @@
     "id": "mZL1s7",
     "title": "Water and the traveller",
     "titleTranslate": "水和旅行者",
-    "text": "Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources,\nsewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems or contamination with industrial or farm waste.\nEven if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap.\nIntermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect.\nTravellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality\nshould avoid drinking tap-water, or untreated water from any other source.\nIt is best to keep to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names-international standard of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants.\nCarbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly safer.\nMake sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry.\nBoiling is always a good way of treating water.\nSome hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth.\nPortable boiling elements that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is available.\nRefuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source.\nIce is only as safe as the water from which it is made,\nand should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe.\nDrinks can be cooled by placing them on ice rather than adding ice to them.\nAlcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water.\nEthanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70 percent;\nbelow 20 per cent, its bactericidal action is negligible.\nSpirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47 per cent alcohol.\nBeware of methylated alcohol,\nwhich is very poisonous and should never be added to drinking water.\nIf no other safe water supply can be obtained,\ntap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink.\nThose planning a trip to remote areas, or intending to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available,\nshould know about the various possible methods for making water safe.",
-    "textTranslate": "水源的污染通常是由于水源附近卫生条件差所导致的。\n污水被直接排放到水源中；污水泄漏到供水系统中；或者水源被工业或农业废弃物污染。\n即使管道输送的自来水在源头是安全的，但在到达水龙头时也不一定还是安全的。\n间歇性的自来水供应应被视为特别可疑。\n前往水质不稳定的地区的短途旅行者\n应避免饮用自来水或来自其他任何来源的未经处理的水。\n最好选择热饮，或者选择知名品牌生产的瓶装或罐装饮料。这些饮料的生产工厂通常采用国际标准的水处理工艺。\n碳酸饮料是酸性的，因此稍微安全一些。\n请确保所有瓶子都在你的监督下被打开，并且瓶口的边缘保持干净、干燥的状态。\n煮沸始终是处理水的一种有效方法。\n有些酒店会根据客人的要求提供煮沸的水，这种水可以用来饮用或刷牙。\n在有合适电压的情况下，能烧开少量水的便携式煮水器很有用。\n应礼貌地拒绝任何来源不明的冷饮。\n冰的安全性取决于制作它的水。\n除非确定它是安全的，否则不应该将其添加到饮料中。\n饮料可以通过将其放在冰块上来冷却，而不是在饮料中加入冰块。\n酒精虽然可以用作医疗消毒剂，但不应依赖它来对水进行杀菌处理。\n乙醇在浓度为50%至70%时效果更佳。\n当其浓度低于20%时，其杀菌效果几乎可以忽略不计。\n标有95 proof的烈酒只含约47%的酒精。\n要警惕甲醇酒精，\n这种物质具有很强的毒性，绝对不能被添加到饮用水中。\n如果无法获得其他安全的水源，\n烫得无法触摸的自来水可以放凉后饮用，通常是安全的。\n那些计划前往偏远地区旅行，或者打算生活在饮用水不易获得的国家的人，\n应该了解各种使水变得安全的方法。",
+    "text": "Contamination of water supplies is usually due to poor sanitation close to water sources, \nsewage disposal into the sources themselves, leakage of sewage into distribution systems or contamination with industrial or farm waste. \nEven if a piped water supply is safe at its source, it is not always safe by the time it reaches the tap. \nIntermittent tap-water supplies should be regarded as particularly suspect.\n\nTravellers on short trips to areas with water supplies of uncertain quality \nshould avoid drinking tap-water, or untreated water from any other source. \nIt is best to keep to hot drinks, bottled or canned drinks of well-known brand names-international standard of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. \nCarbonated drinks are acidic, and slightly safer. \nMake sure that all bottles are opened in your presence, and that their rims are clean and dry.\n\nBoiling is always a good way of treating water. \nSome hotels supply boiled water on request and this can be used for drinking, or for brushing teeth. \nPortable boiling elements that can boil small quantities of water are useful when the right voltage of electricity is available. \nRefuse politely any cold drink from an unknown source.\n\nIce is only as safe as the water from which it is made, \nand should not be put in drinks unless it is known to be safe. \nDrinks can be cooled by placing them on ice rather than adding ice to them.\n\nAlcohol may be a medical disinfectant, but should not be relied upon to sterilize water. \nEthanol is more effective at a concentration of 50-70 percent; \nbelow 20 per cent, its bactericidal action is negligible. \nSpirits labelled 95 proof contain only about 47 per cent alcohol. \nBeware of methylated alcohol, \nwhich is very poisonous and should never be added to drinking water.\n\nIf no other safe water supply can be obtained, \ntap water that is too hot to touch can be left to cool and is generally safe to drink. \nThose planning a trip to remote areas, or intending to live in countries where drinking water is not readily available, \nshould know about the various possible methods for making water safe.\n\n--RICHARD DAWOOD Travellers' Health--",
+    "textTranslate": "水源的污染通常是由于水源附近卫生条件差所导致的。 \n污水被直接排放到水源中；污水泄漏到供水系统中；或者水源被工业或农业废弃物污染。 \n即使管道输送的自来水在源头是安全的，但在到达水龙头时也不一定还是安全的。 \n间歇性的自来水供应应被视为特别可疑。 \n\n前往水质不稳定的地区的短途旅行者 \n应避免饮用自来水或来自其他任何来源的未经处理的水。 \n最好选择热饮，或者选择知名品牌生产的瓶装或罐装饮料。这些饮料的生产工厂通常采用国际标准的水处理工艺。 \n碳酸饮料是酸性的，因此稍微安全一些。 \n请确保所有瓶子都在你的监督下被打开，并且瓶口的边缘保持干净、干燥的状态。 \n\n煮沸始终是处理水的一种有效方法。 \n有些酒店会根据客人的要求提供煮沸的水，这种水可以用来饮用或刷牙。 \n在有合适电压的情况下，能烧开少量水的便携式煮水器很有用。 \n应礼貌地拒绝任何来源不明的冷饮。 \n\n冰的安全性取决于制作它的水。 \n除非确定它是安全的，否则不应该将其添加到饮料中。 \n饮料可以通过将其放在冰块上来冷却，而不是在饮料中加入冰块。 \n\n酒精虽然可以用作医疗消毒剂，但不应依赖它来对水进行杀菌处理。 \n乙醇在浓度为50%至70%时效果更佳。 \n当其浓度低于20%时，其杀菌效果几乎可以忽略不计。 \n标有95 proof的烈酒只含约47%的酒精。 \n要警惕甲醇酒精， \n这种物质具有很强的毒性，绝对不能被添加到饮用水中。 \n\n如果无法获得其他安全的水源， \n烫得无法触摸的自来水可以放凉后饮用，通常是安全的。 \n那些计划前往偏远地区旅行，或者打算生活在饮用水不易获得的国家的人， \n应该了解各种使水变得安全的方法。 \n\n--理查德·达伍德 《旅行者健康》--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.59,
       "text": "What does this text describe?",
@@ -707,13 +763,15 @@
     "id": "yyOOs8",
     "title": "What every writer wants",
     "titleTranslate": "作家之所需",
-    "text": "I have known very few writers,\nbut those I have known and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper.\nThey have a character, perhaps two;\nthey are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun;\none, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir,\nthen reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands.\nI never heard of anyone making a 'skeleton', as we were taught at school.\nIn the breaking and remaking, in the timing interweaving, beginning afresh,\nthe writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began.\nThis organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination.\nA blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another and it is gone\nbut something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it.\nSometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written.\nI have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books;\nlike adolescents they stand before the mirror,\nand still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them.\nFor the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books,\nwinkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones,\nbegging response from those around them.\nOf course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair.\nHe is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.\nThis temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader,\nto study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.\nA young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back\nthat the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow.\nFor this reason also the writer, like any other artist,\nhas no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort,\nno judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within.\nA writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart;\nhe submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of,\nand when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself,\nfrom the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.",
-    "textTranslate": "我认识的作家其实很少。\n但我认识且尊敬的人们都会坦承：当他们第一次拿起笔开始写作时，其实对自己要写什么、想要表达什么几乎一无所知（或者说，他们根本不知道自己该往哪个方向去写）。\n他们有一个角色，也许还有两个角色。\n他们处于一种急切不安的状态，这种状态被当作灵感；所有人都承认，一旦旅程开始，目的地就会发生根本性的变化。\n据我所知，有一个人花了九个月的时间来创作一部关于克什米尔的小说。\n然后把整个故事的背景改到了苏格兰高地。\n我从未听说过有人会像我们在学校学的那样先列提纲。\n在不断的拆解和重组、在时间的交错穿插、在重新开始的过程中，\n作者在处理材料时，会发现一些自己开始写作时并未刻意考虑过的细节或元素。\n这个自然发生的过程常常会带来令人惊叹的自我发现时刻，其魅力实在难以用语言形容。\n一个模糊的形象出现了；他添上一笔，又添上一笔，它就消失了\n但那里确实有什么东西；他不会罢休，直到抓住它为止。\n有时候，一个作家内心深处的“创造力”（或“灵感之源”）会比他写出的任何作品都更加持久、更加充满生命力。\n我听说过有些作家，他们只读自己写的书。\n就像青少年一样，他们站在镜子前……\n却仍然无法看清眼前这个构想的确切轮廓。\n出于同样的原因，作家们总是滔滔不绝地谈论自己的作品。\n揭示隐藏的含义，同时叠加新的意义……\n恳求周围的人做出回应。\n当然，这样的作家总是会被误解；他们其实就像是在试图解释一件犯罪行为或一段爱情故事一样——这两者都是极其复杂、难以用语言完全表达的事情。\n顺便说一下，他也是一个极其无趣、让人难以忍受的人。\n这种想要缩短自己与读者之间距离的冲动（或：这种想要拉近两者关系的欲望）……\n这种想要缩短自己与读者之间距离的诱惑，这种想在陌生人眼中审视自己形象的渴望，可能毁了他：他已经开始为取悦而写作了。\n一两年前，一位年轻的英国作家提出了一个中肯的见解\n也就是说，才华体现在最初的草稿中，而艺术性则体现在后续的修改稿中。\n正因如此，这位作家和其他艺术家一样，\n没有安身之所，没有可以让他获得慰藉的群体或运动\n没有任何外界的评判能取代内心的评判。\n作家从自己内心中的混乱与无序中创造出秩序。\n他自我约束的严格程度，超出了任何批评者所能想象的。\n当他追逐名利时，他其实是在暂时中断与自我相处的时光\n中断对探索自己世界最核心内容的追求。",
+    "text": "I have known very few writers, \nbut those I have known and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. \nThey have a character, perhaps two; \nthey are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; \none, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, \nthen reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. \nI never heard of anyone making a 'skeleton', as we were taught at school. \nIn the breaking and remaking, in the timing interweaving, beginning afresh, \nthe writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. \nThis organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. \nA blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another and it is gone \nbut something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. \nSometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. \nI have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; \nlike adolescents they stand before the mirror, \nand still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. \nFor the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, \nwinkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, \nbegging response from those around them. \nOf course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. \nHe is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.\n\nThis temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, \nto study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.\n\nA young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back \nthat the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. \nFor this reason also the writer, like any other artist, \nhas no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, \nno judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. \nA writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; \nhe submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, \nand when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, \nfrom the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.",
+    "textTranslate": "我认识的作家其实很少。 \n但我认识且尊敬的人们都会坦承：当他们第一次拿起笔开始写作时，其实对自己要写什么、想要表达什么几乎一无所知（或者说，他们根本不知道自己该往哪个方向去写）。 \n他们有一个角色，也许还有两个角色。 \n他们处于一种急切不安的状态，这种状态被当作灵感；所有人都承认，一旦旅程开始，目的地就会发生根本性的变化。 \n据我所知，有一个人花了九个月的时间来创作一部关于克什米尔的小说。 \n然后把整个故事的背景改到了苏格兰高地。 \n我从未听说过有人会像我们在学校学的那样先列提纲。 \n在不断的拆解和重组、在时间的交错穿插、在重新开始的过程中， \n作者在处理材料时，会发现一些自己开始写作时并未刻意考虑过的细节或元素。 \n这个自然发生的过程常常会带来令人惊叹的自我发现时刻，其魅力实在难以用语言形容。 \n一个模糊的形象出现了；他添上一笔，又添上一笔，它就消失了 \n但那里确实有什么东西；他不会罢休，直到抓住它为止。 \n有时候，一个作家内心深处的“创造力”（或“灵感之源”）会比他写出的任何作品都更加持久、更加充满生命力。 \n我听说过有些作家，他们只读自己写的书。 \n就像青少年一样，他们站在镜子前…… \n却仍然无法看清眼前这个构想的确切轮廓。 \n出于同样的原因，作家们总是滔滔不绝地谈论自己的作品。 \n揭示隐藏的含义，同时叠加新的意义…… \n恳求周围的人做出回应。 \n当然，这样的作家总是会被误解；他们其实就像是在试图解释一件犯罪行为或一段爱情故事一样——这两者都是极其复杂、难以用语言完全表达的事情。 \n顺便说一下，他也是一个极其无趣、让人难以忍受的人。 \n\n这种想要缩短自己与读者之间距离的诱惑 \n这种想在陌生人眼中审视自己形象的渴望，可能毁了他：他已经开始为取悦而写作了。 \n\n一两年前，一位年轻的英国作家提出了一个中肯的见解 \n也就是说，才华体现在最初的草稿中，而艺术性则体现在后续的修改稿中。 \n正因如此，这位作家和其他艺术家一样， \n没有安身之所，没有可以让他获得慰藉的群体或运动 \n没有任何外界的评判能取代内心的评判。 \n作家从自己内心中的混乱与无序中创造出秩序。 \n他自我约束的严格程度，超出了任何批评者所能想象的。 \n当他追逐名利时，他其实是在暂时中断与自我相处的时光 \n中断对探索自己世界最核心内容的追求。",
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       "start": 12.95,
       "text": "How do professional writers ignore what they were taught at school about writing?",
@@ -725,13 +783,15 @@
     "id": "TT2Zsc",
     "title": "Waves",
     "titleTranslate": "波浪",
-    "text": "Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity.\nRays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life.\nThe wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea\nand the sea transmits it on through waves--an ancient, exquisite powerful message.\nThese ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena.\nThe basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave),\na trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest),\na wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests),\nand a period (which is the time it takes awave crest to travel one wave length).\nAlthough an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction,\nin actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was.\nIf the water was moving with the wave,\nthe ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.\nAn ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit,\ndrawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave,\nthen forward with it and then--as the wave leaves the particles behind--back to its starting point again.\nFrom both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing.\nFor a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.\nThe undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes:\nwind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.\nOnce waves have been generated,\ngravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.",
-    "textTranslate": "海浪是海洋与大气相互作用的产物，是永恒不息的印记。\n太阳的光线激发并赋予地球大气层能量，使其开始流动、运动、产生节奏，并充满生机。\n然后，风将太阳的信息传递给了大海。\n海水通过海浪将这一信息传递出去——一条古老而精美的、充满力量的信息。\n这些海浪是地球上最复杂的自然现象之一。\n基本特征包括波峰（即波浪的最高点）。\n波谷（即最低点），波高（即从波谷到波峰的垂直距离），\n波长（即两个波峰之间的水平距离）\n以及周期（即波峰传播一个波长所需的时间）。\n虽然海浪看起来像是一堵朝你方向涌来的水墙，\n实际上，波浪在水中传播时，水本身基本停留在原处。\n如果水是随着波浪一起运动的……\n海洋以及其中的一切都会被冲向海岸，这显然会造成灾难性的后果。\n当海浪穿过深水区域时，水面上的一个颗粒会沿着近似圆形的轨道运动。\n首先将粒子吸引向前进的波浪，然后使其向上融入到波浪中。\n然后随波浪前进，最后——当波浪离开粒子后——粒子又回到起点。\n从成熟到消亡，海浪也遵循着与其他'生命体'相同的规律。\n在一段时间内，它展现出一种仿佛奇迹般的独特性；然而最终，这种独特性还是被重新融入了浩瀚的生命之海中。\n开阔海域中那些起伏的波浪是由三种自然原因形成的：\n风、地壳运动或震动，以及月球和太阳的引力。\n一旦海浪被生成（或：波浪开始形成），\n重力是驱动波浪的力量，它不断试图使海面恢复平坦。",
+    "text": "Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. \nRays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. \nThe wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea \nand the sea transmits it on through waves--an ancient, exquisite powerful message.\n\nThese ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena. \nThe basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), \na trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), \na wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), \nand a period (which is the time it takes awave crest to travel one wave length). \nAlthough an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, \nin actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. \nIf the water was moving with the wave, \nthe ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.\n\nAn ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, \ndrawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, \nthen forward with it and then--as the wave leaves the particles behind--back to its starting point again.\n\nFrom both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing. \nFor a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.\n\nThe undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: \nwind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. \nOnce waves have been generated, \ngravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.\n\n--from World Magazine(BBC Enterprises )--",
+    "textTranslate": "海浪是海洋与大气相互作用的产物，是永恒不息的印记。 \n太阳的光线激发并赋予地球大气层能量，使其开始流动、运动、产生节奏，并充满生机。 \n然后，风将太阳的信息传递给了大海。 \n海水通过海浪将这一信息传递出去——一条古老而精美的、充满力量的信息。 \n\n这些海浪是地球上最复杂的自然现象之一。 \n基本特征包括波峰（即波浪的最高点）。 \n波谷（即最低点），波高（即从波谷到波峰的垂直距离）， \n波长（即两个波峰之间的水平距离） \n以及周期（即波峰传播一个波长所需的时间）。 \n虽然海浪看起来像是一堵朝你方向涌来的水墙， \n实际上，波浪在水中传播时，水本身基本停留在原处。 \n如果水是随着波浪一起运动的…… \n海洋以及其中的一切都会被冲向海岸，这显然会造成灾难性的后果。 \n\n当海浪穿过深水区域时，水面上的一个颗粒会沿着近似圆形的轨道运动。 \n首先将粒子吸引向前进的波浪，然后使其向上融入到波浪中。 \n然后随波浪前进，最后——当波浪离开粒子后——粒子又回到起点。 \n\n从成熟到消亡，海浪也遵循着与其他'生命体'相同的规律。 \n在一段时间内，它展现出一种仿佛奇迹般的独特性；然而最终，这种独特性还是被重新融入了浩瀚的生命之海中。 \n\n开阔海域中那些起伏的波浪是由三种自然原因形成的： \n风、地壳运动或震动，以及月球和太阳的引力。 \n一旦海浪被生成（或：波浪开始形成）， \n重力是驱动波浪的力量，它不断试图使海面恢复平坦。 \n\n--来自《世界杂志》（BBC企业）--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.08,
       "text": "What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?",
@@ -743,13 +803,15 @@
     "id": "Qd0sRZ",
     "title": "Training elephants",
     "titleTranslate": "训练大象",
-    "text": "Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle.\nThe former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him.\nApart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training,\nfor it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer.\nThe gentle method requires more patience in the early stages,\nbut produce a cheerful good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.\nThe first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job.\nElephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection.\nThere are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pined to death\nwhen by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer.\nSuch extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt,\nbut they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elephant and mahout is the key to successful training.\nThe most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between 15 and 20 years,\nfor it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away.\nBut animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages.\nThe captive elephant, still roped to a tree,\nplunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.\nSometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence,\nand in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food.\nThe next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment,\na ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.\nWhen several elephants are being trained at one time,\nit is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced.\nIt is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water\nso that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions.\nWhen it is eating normally, its own training begins.\nThe trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point.\nTwo assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side,\nwhile others rub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant.\nThis is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant,\nand its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets,\nsuch as 'ho! my son', or 'ho! my father', or 'my mother', according to the age and sex of the captive.\nThe elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions.\nThese movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick,\nand the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.",
-    "textTranslate": "训练大象主要采用了两种方法，我们可以分别将它们称为“强硬型”方法与“温和型”方法。\n前一种方法很简单：就是让大象开始工作，然后不断地鞭打它，直到它按照要求去做为止。\n抛开任何道德方面的考虑不谈，这种训练方法实在愚蠢至极。\n因为这会造就一只心怀怨恨的动物，而这种动物在未来很可能会变成杀人凶手。\n这种温和的方法在初期需要更多的耐心。\n不过，最终会诞生出一头性格开朗、脾气温和的大象，它将为我们提供多年忠诚的服务。\n在大象训练中，首要的一点就是为每头大象指定一名专门的驯象师，这名驯象师将完全负责大象的训练工作。\n大象和狗一样，也需要一个主人，并且能够表现出相当程度的个人情感。\n甚至还有这样的故事：那些只接受过部分训练的小象会拒绝进食，最终因思念而憔悴而死。\n当由于某些不可避免的情况，它们失去了自己的驯象师时……\n对于这类极端案例，我们或许应该持保留态度。\n但他们确实强调了这样一个基本原则：大象与驯象师之间的关系是成功训练大象的关键。\n捕捉大象进行训练最经济的年龄是在15到20岁之间，\n因为那时它已经差不多准备好承担繁重的工作了，可以立即开始挣回自己的饲养成本。\n但是这个年龄段的动物并不容易屈服于人类，在初期阶段，必须采取非常强硬的手段。\n那头被囚禁的大象仍然被绳子拴在树上……\n每当有男人靠近时，它就会惊慌失措、尖叫不已；出于愤怒和恐惧，它可能会连续几天拒绝进食。\n有时候，人们会把一头驯服的大象拴在附近，以此来让野生的大象感到安心（或有安全感）。\n在大多数情况下，被捕获的大象会逐渐安静下来，并开始接受食物。\n下一个步骤是将大象送到训练机构去。\n这是一项棘手的工作，需要借助两头驯服的大象来完成，它们被绳子拴在被捕获大象的两侧。\n当同时有多头大象正在接受训练时，\n按照惯例，新来的大象会被安排在两头训练已有相当进展的被捕获大象的围栏之间。\n之后，它就被完全不受打扰地留下，周围有充足的食物和水。\n这样它就能适应新家的氛围，并看到它的同伴们没有遇到任何特别令人惊慌的事情。\n当它开始正常进食时，它自己的训练就开始了。\n驯象师站在大象面前，手中拿着一根带有锋利金属尖端的长棍。\n两名助手骑在驯服的大象背上，从两侧控制着被捕获的大象，\n而其他人则一边重复着单调而舒缓的吟唱，一边用手抚摸它的皮肤。\n这应该是为了给大象带来愉悦的感觉。\n其效果通过使用那些亲切、可爱的称呼（或称谓）得到了进一步的强化。\n例如“嗬！我的儿子”或“嗬！我的父亲”，或者“我的母亲”——这些称呼会根据被捕获大象的年龄和性别来决定。\n然而，大象并不会立刻被这些花言巧语所打动；它通常会用鼻子猛烈地朝四面八方挥打。\n这些动作由驯象师用带金属尖的棍子来控制，\n最终，大象的鼻子会变得非常疼痛；因此大象会将其蜷缩起来，之后也很少再使用它的鼻子来进行攻击性动作。",
+    "text": "Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. \nThe former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him. \nApart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, \nfor it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer. \nThe gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, \nbut produce a cheerful good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.\n\nThe first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job. \nElephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection. \nThere are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pined to death \nwhen by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer. \nSuch extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt, \nbut they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elephant and mahout is the key to successful training.\n\nThe most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between 15 and 20 years, \nfor it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away. \nBut animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. \nThe captive elephant, still roped to a tree, \nplunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear. \nSometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence, \nand in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food. \nThe next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment, \na ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side. \nWhen several elephants are being trained at one time, \nit is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced. \nIt is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water \nso that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions. \nWhen it is eating normally, its own training begins. \nThe trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point. \nTwo assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side, \nwhile others rub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant. \nThis is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant, \nand its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets, \nsuch as 'ho! my son', or 'ho! my father', or 'my mother', according to the age and sex of the captive. \nThe elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions. \nThese movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick, \nand the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.\n\n--RICHARD CARRINGTON Elephants--",
+    "textTranslate": "训练大象主要采用了两种方法，我们可以分别将它们称为“强硬型”方法与“温和型”方法。 \n前一种方法很简单：就是让大象开始工作，然后不断地鞭打它，直到它按照要求去做为止。 \n抛开任何道德方面的考虑不谈，这种训练方法实在愚蠢至极。 \n因为这会造就一只心怀怨恨的动物，而这种动物在未来很可能会变成杀人凶手。 \n这种温和的方法在初期需要更多的耐心。 \n不过，最终会诞生出一头性格开朗、脾气温和的大象，它将为我们提供多年忠诚的服务。 \n\n在大象训练中，首要的一点就是为每头大象指定一名专门的驯象师，这名驯象师将完全负责大象的训练工作。 \n大象和狗一样，也需要一个主人，并且能够表现出相当程度的个人情感。 \n甚至还有这样的故事：那些只接受过部分训练的小象会拒绝进食，最终因思念而憔悴而死。 \n当由于某些不可避免的情况，它们失去了自己的驯象师时…… \n对于这类极端案例，我们或许应该持保留态度。 \n但他们确实强调了这样一个基本原则：大象与驯象师之间的关系是成功训练大象的关键。 \n\n捕捉大象进行训练最经济的年龄是在15到20岁之间， \n因为那时它已经差不多准备好承担繁重的工作了，可以立即开始挣回自己的饲养成本。 \n但是这个年龄段的动物并不容易屈服于人类，在初期阶段，必须采取非常强硬的手段。 \n那头被囚禁的大象仍然被绳子拴在树上…… \n每当有男人靠近时，它就会惊慌失措、尖叫不已；出于愤怒和恐惧，它可能会连续几天拒绝进食。 \n有时候，人们会把一头驯服的大象拴在附近，以此来让野生的大象感到安心（或有安全感）。 \n在大多数情况下，被捕获的大象会逐渐安静下来，并开始接受食物。 \n下一个步骤是将大象送到训练机构去。 \n这是一项棘手的工作，需要借助两头驯服的大象来完成，它们被绳子拴在被捕获大象的两侧。 \n当同时有多头大象正在接受训练时， \n按照惯例，新来的大象会被安排在两头训练已有相当进展的被捕获大象的围栏之间。 \n之后，它就被完全不受打扰地留下，周围有充足的食物和水。 \n这样它就能适应新家的氛围，并看到它的同伴们没有遇到任何特别令人惊慌的事情。 \n当它开始正常进食时，它自己的训练就开始了。 \n驯象师站在大象面前，手中拿着一根带有锋利金属尖端的长棍。 \n两名助手骑在驯服的大象背上，从两侧控制着被捕获的大象， \n而其他人则一边重复着单调而舒缓的吟唱，一边用手抚摸它的皮肤。 \n这应该是为了给大象带来愉悦的感觉。 \n其效果通过使用那些亲切、可爱的称呼（或称谓）得到了进一步的强化。 \n例如“嗬！我的儿子”或“嗬！我的父亲”，或者“我的母亲”——这些称呼会根据被捕获大象的年龄和性别来决定。 \n然而，大象并不会立刻被这些花言巧语所打动；它通常会用鼻子猛烈地朝四面八方挥打。 \n这些动作由驯象师用带金属尖的棍子来控制， \n最终，大象的鼻子会变得非常疼痛；因此大象会将其蜷缩起来，之后也很少再使用它的鼻子来进行攻击性动作。 \n\n--理查德·卡灵顿 《大象》--",
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       "start": 10.54,
       "text": "At what point does the training of a captive wild elephant begin?",
@@ -761,13 +823,15 @@
     "id": "pNRzJm",
     "title": "Recording an earthquake",
     "titleTranslate": "记录地震",
-    "text": "An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning.\nIt was necessary, therefore, to invent instruments that neither slumbered nor slept.\nSome devices were quite simple.\nOne, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on end like ninepins.\nWhen a shock came, it shook the rigid table upon which these stood.\nIf it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell.\nIf it were severe, they all fell.\nThus the rods, by falling, and by the direction in which they fell,\nrecorded for the slumbering scientist the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him,\nand the direction from which it came.\nBut instruments far more delicate than that were needed if any really serious advance was to be made.\nThe ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper,\nthe movements of the ground or of the table as the quake passed by.\nWhile I write my pen moves, but the paper keeps still.\nWith practice, no doubt, I could in time learn to write by holding the pen still while the paper moved.\nThat sounds a silly suggestion,\nbut that was precisely the idea adopted in some of the early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves.\nBut when table, penholder and paper are all moving, how is it possible to write legibly?\nThe key to a solution of that problem lay in an everyday observation.\nWhy does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when a sudden start is made?\nIt is because his feet move on, but his head stays still.\nA simple experiment will help us a little further.\nTie a heavy weight at the end of a long piece of string.\nWith the hand held high in the air, hold the string so that the weight nearly touches the ground.\nNow move the hand to and fro and around but not up and down.\nIt will be found that the weight moves but slightly or not at all.\nImagine a pen attached to the weight in such a way that its point rests upon a piece of paper on the floor.\nImagine an earthquake shock shaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand.\nIn the midst of all this movement, the weight and the pen would be still.\nBut as the paper moved from side to side under the pen point, its movement would be recorded in ink upon its surface.\nIt was upon this principle that the first instruments were made, but the paper was wrapped round a drum which rotated slowly.\nAs long as all was still, the pen drew a straight line,\nbut while the drum was being shaken, the line that the pen was drawing wriggled from side to side.\nThe apparatus thus described, however,\nrecords only the horizontal component of the wave movement, which is, in fact, much more complicated.\nIf we could actually see the path described by a particle,\nsuch as a sand grain in the rock,\nit would be more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room; it would be up and down, to and fro and from side to side.\nInstruments have been devised and can be so placed that all three elements can be recorded in different graphs.\nWhen the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre,\nthe graphic record shows three waves arriving one after the other at short intervals.\nThe first records the arrival of longitudinal vibrations.\nThe second marks the arrival of transverse vibrations which travel more slowly and arrive several minutes after the first.\nThese two have travelled through the earth.\nIt was from the study of these that so much was learnt about the interior of the earth.\nThe third, or main wave is the slowest and has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.",
-    "textTranslate": "地震就像夜间的小偷一样，毫无预兆地突然降临。\n因此，有必要发明那些既不会打盹也不会睡觉的仪器。\n有些设备的设计非常简单。\n例如，其中有一个装置由长度和厚度各不相同的杆子组成；这些杆子可以像九柱戏（ninepins）中的柱子一样竖立起来。\n当震动来临时，它震动了这些杆子所放置的坚硬桌子。\n如果震动轻微，只有较不稳定的杆子会倒下。\n如果震动剧烈，它们就全部倒下。\n因此，这些杆子通过倒下以及倒下的方向，\n为那位正在沉睡的科学家记录下了那次冲击的强度——不过那次冲击实在太微弱了，根本无法将他唤醒。\n以及它来自的方向。\n但是，如果要取得真正重大的进展，就需要使用比那些仪器更加精密的设备。\n理想的目标是设计出一种能用笔在纸上记录的仪器，\n记录地震经过时地面或桌子的运动。\n当我写字时，笔在动，但纸却静止不动。\n毫无疑问，通过练习，我最终能学会保持笔不动而让纸动来写字。\n那听起来真是个愚蠢的建议。\n但这正是某些早期地震仪在记录地震波时所采用的设计理念。\n但是当桌子、笔架和纸张都在移动时，怎么可能还能写出清晰可读的文字呢？\n解决那个问题的关键在于一个日常的观察结果。\n为什么当公交车或火车突然启动时，站在上面的人容易摔倒呢？\n这是因为他的脚向前移动，而头部却保持静止。\n一个简单的实验能帮助我们进一步理解这个原理。\n在一段较长的绳子末端系上一个重物。\n将绳子高高举过头顶，使重物几乎触碰到地面。\n现在让手前后左右移动，但不要上下移动。\n你会发现重物几乎不动，或者只轻微移动。\n想象一下，有一支笔被固定在重物上，其笔尖接触着地面上的一张纸。\n再想象一场地震，地震使地面、纸张以及你的手都在震动。\n在所有这些运动中，重物和笔会保持静止。\n但当纸张在笔尖下左右移动时，它的运动就会以墨迹记录在纸面上。\n最早的测量仪器就是基于这个原理制造的——只不过当时的纸张是缠绕在一个缓慢旋转的鼓上的。\n当一切保持静止时，笔会画出一条直线；\n但当鼓被震动时，笔所画的线就会左右摆动。\n然而，上面描述的装置\n只能记录波动的水平分量，而实际上波动要复杂得多。\n如果我们能真的看到粒子所描绘的路径，\n就像岩石中的一粒沙子一样……\n它会更像一只绿头苍蝇在房间里嗡嗡飞舞：上下、前后、左右地移动。\n已经设计出可以适当放置的仪器，从而能将这三个要素记录在不同的图表上。\n当该仪器距离地震中心超过700英里时，\n图纸上会显示出三列波以较短的时间间隔相继到达。\n第一列波记录了纵向振动的到达。\n第二列波标志着横向振动的到达；这些振动传播较慢，在第一列波到达几分钟后才传来。\n这两列波已经穿过地球。\n正是通过研究这两列波，人类才对地球内部有了如此多的了解。\n第三列波即主波传播最慢，它是通过地表岩石环绕地球传播的。",
+    "text": "An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without warning. \nIt was necessary, therefore, to invent instruments that neither slumbered nor slept. \nSome devices were quite simple. \nOne, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on end like ninepins. \nWhen a shock came, it shook the rigid table upon which these stood. \nIf it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell. \nIf it were severe, they all fell. \nThus the rods, by falling, and by the direction in which they fell, \nrecorded for the slumbering scientist the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him, \nand the direction from which it came.\n\nBut instruments far more delicate than that were needed if any really serious advance was to be made. \nThe ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper, \nthe movements of the ground or of the table as the quake passed by. \nWhile I write my pen moves, but the paper keeps still. \nWith practice, no doubt, I could in time learn to write by holding the pen still while the paper moved. \nThat sounds a silly suggestion, \nbut that was precisely the idea adopted in some of the early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves. \nBut when table, penholder and paper are all moving, how is it possible to write legibly? \nThe key to a solution of that problem lay in an everyday observation. \nWhy does a person standing in a bus or train tend to fall when a sudden start is made? \nIt is because his feet move on, but his head stays still. \nA simple experiment will help us a little further. \nTie a heavy weight at the end of a long piece of string. \nWith the hand held high in the air, hold the string so that the weight nearly touches the ground. \nNow move the hand to and fro and around but not up and down. \nIt will be found that the weight moves but slightly or not at all. \nImagine a pen attached to the weight in such a way that its point rests upon a piece of paper on the floor. \nImagine an earthquake shock shaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand. \nIn the midst of all this movement, the weight and the pen would be still. \nBut as the paper moved from side to side under the pen point, its movement would be recorded in ink upon its surface. \nIt was upon this principle that the first instruments were made, but the paper was wrapped round a drum which rotated slowly. \nAs long as all was still, the pen drew a straight line, \nbut while the drum was being shaken, the line that the pen was drawing wriggled from side to side. \nThe apparatus thus described, however, \nrecords only the horizontal component of the wave movement, which is, in fact, much more complicated. \nIf we could actually see the path described by a particle, \nsuch as a sand grain in the rock, \nit would be more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room; it would be up and down, to and fro and from side to side. \nInstruments have been devised and can be so placed that all three elements can be recorded in different graphs.\n\nWhen the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre, \nthe graphic record shows three waves arriving one after the other at short intervals. \nThe first records the arrival of longitudinal vibrations. \nThe second marks the arrival of transverse vibrations which travel more slowly and arrive several minutes after the first. \nThese two have travelled through the earth. \nIt was from the study of these that so much was learnt about the interior of the earth. \nThe third, or main wave is the slowest and has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.\n\n--H.H,SWINNERTON The Earth beneath Us--",
+    "textTranslate": "地震就像夜间的小偷一样，毫无预兆地突然降临。 \n因此，有必要发明那些既不会打盹也不会睡觉的仪器。 \n有些设备的设计非常简单。 \n例如，其中有一个装置由长度和厚度各不相同的杆子组成；这些杆子可以像九柱戏（ninepins）中的柱子一样竖立起来。 \n当震动来临时，它震动了这些杆子所放置的坚硬桌子。 \n如果震动轻微，只有较不稳定的杆子会倒下。 \n如果震动剧烈，它们就全部倒下。 \n因此，这些杆子通过倒下以及倒下的方向， \n为那位正在沉睡的科学家记录下了那次冲击的强度——不过那次冲击实在太微弱了，根本无法将他唤醒。 \n以及它来自的方向。 \n\n但是，如果要取得真正重大的进展，就需要使用比那些仪器更加精密的设备。 \n理想的目标是设计出一种能用笔在纸上记录的仪器， \n记录地震经过时地面或桌子的运动。 \n当我写字时，笔在动，但纸却静止不动。 \n毫无疑问，通过练习，我最终能学会保持笔不动而让纸动来写字。 \n那听起来真是个愚蠢的建议。 \n但这正是某些早期地震仪在记录地震波时所采用的设计理念。 \n但是当桌子、笔架和纸张都在移动时，怎么可能还能写出清晰可读的文字呢？ \n解决那个问题的关键在于一个日常的观察结果。 \n为什么当公交车或火车突然启动时，站在上面的人容易摔倒呢？ \n这是因为他的脚向前移动，而头部却保持静止。 \n一个简单的实验能帮助我们进一步理解这个原理。 \n在一段较长的绳子末端系上一个重物。 \n将绳子高高举过头顶，使重物几乎触碰到地面。 \n现在让手前后左右移动，但不要上下移动。 \n你会发现重物几乎不动，或者只轻微移动。 \n想象一下，有一支笔被固定在重物上，其笔尖接触着地面上的一张纸。 \n再想象一场地震，地震使地面、纸张以及你的手都在震动。 \n在所有这些运动中，重物和笔会保持静止。 \n但当纸张在笔尖下左右移动时，它的运动就会以墨迹记录在纸面上。 \n最早的测量仪器就是基于这个原理制造的——只不过当时的纸张是缠绕在一个缓慢旋转的鼓上的。 \n当一切保持静止时，笔会画出一条直线； \n但当鼓被震动时，笔所画的线就会左右摆动。 \n然而，上面描述的装置 \n只能记录波动的水平分量，而实际上波动要复杂得多。 \n如果我们能真的看到粒子所描绘的路径， \n就像岩石中的一粒沙子一样…… \n它会更像一只绿头苍蝇在房间里嗡嗡飞舞：上下、前后、左右地移动。 \n已经设计出可以适当放置的仪器，从而能将这三个要素记录在不同的图表上。 \n\n当该仪器距离地震中心超过700英里时， \n图纸上会显示出三列波以较短的时间间隔相继到达。 \n第一列波记录了纵向振动的到达。 \n第二列波标志着横向振动的到达；这些振动传播较慢，在第一列波到达几分钟后才传来。 \n这两列波已经穿过地球。 \n正是通过研究这两列波，人类才对地球内部有了如此多的了解。 \n第三列波即主波传播最慢，它是通过地表岩石环绕地球传播的。 \n\n--斯温纳顿《我们脚下的地球》--",
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       "start": 9.95,
       "text": "What does a pen have to do to record on paper the vibrations generated by an earthquake?",
@@ -779,13 +843,15 @@
     "id": "DhaWCH",
     "title": "Are there strangers in space?",
     "titleTranslate": "宇宙中有外星人吗？",
-    "text": "We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life,\nthat given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start.\nOf all the planets in our solar system, we are now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive.\nMars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury,\nand the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.\nBut other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast,\nthis possibility becomes virtual certainty.\nThere are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone,\nand then there are three thousand million other milky ways or galaxies, in the universe.\nso the number of stars that we know exist is now estimated at about 300 million million million.\nAlthough perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns,\nso vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.\nIf then we are so certain that other intelligent life exists in the universe, why have we had no visitors from outer space yet?\nFirst of all, they may have come to this planet of ours thousands or millions of years ago,\nand found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninteresting to their own advanced knowledge.\nProfessor Ronald Bracewell, a leading American radio astronomer,\nargued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system,\nmay have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization.\nSuch a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals,\nmight well re-transmit them back to its home-planet,\nalthough what impression any other civilization would thus get from us is best left unsaid.\nBut here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets\n-- the astronomical distances which separate us.\nAs a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away.\n(A light year is the distance which light travels at 186, 000 miles per second in one year, namely 6 million million miles.)\nRadio waves also travel at the speed of light,\nand assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcasts of the 1920's,\nthe message to its home planet is barely halfway there.\nSimilarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets,\nthough good enough to orbit men, have no chance of transporting us to the nearest other star,\nfour light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years.\nFortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings,\nas Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book,\nWe Are not Alone.\nThis depends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second.\nIt is the natural frequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space and was discovered by us in 1951;\nit must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe.\nOnce the existence of this wave-length had been discovered,\nit was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested.\nWithout something of this kind,\nsearching for intelligences on other planets would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous\nand absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.",
-    "textTranslate": "我们必须从那些研究生命起源的科学家们的研究成果中得出结论。\n只要有一颗行星的条件与我们的地球大致相似，生命几乎必然会诞生。\n在我们太阳系中的所有行星中，我们现在可以相当确定：地球是唯一一个适合生命生存的星球。\n火星太干燥且氧气含量极低；金星的温度过高；水星的情况也是如此。\n外行星的温度接近绝对零度，其大气层主要由氢气构成。\n但是其他恒星（正如天文学家所称的那样）肯定也拥有像我们地球这样的行星，而且由于宇宙中的恒星数量如此庞大，\n这种可能性几乎变成了必然的事实。\n仅在我们自己的银河系中，就有一千亿颗恒星，\n此外，宇宙中还有三十亿个类似的银河系或星系。\n因此，目前已知的恒星数量估计约为3×10²³颗。\n尽管在所有生命起源中，可能只有1%的生命会发展成高度复杂且具有智能的形态，\n行星的数量如此之多，以至于智慧生命必定是宇宙中自然存在的一部分。\n如果我们确信宇宙中存在其他智慧生命，那么为什么至今还没有来自外太空的访客呢？\n首先，他们可能早在几千甚至几百万年前就来到了我们的这个星球上。\n他们发现我们当时所处的原始状态，与他们自己所拥有的先进知识相比，完全毫无吸引力（或者说：他们认为我们的原始状态极其乏味、毫无价值）。\n罗纳德·布雷斯韦尔教授是美国著名的射电天文学家。\n在《自然》杂志上论证说，这样一个高度发达的文明在造访我们的太阳系时，\n它可能留下了一种自动信息传递系统，等待着某个先进文明的觉醒。\n这样的“信使”能够接收我们的无线电和电视信号。\n很可能会将这些信息重新传回它的母星。\n不过，其他文明对我们会有怎样的印象，最好还是不要去说了。\n但在这里，我们遇到了与其它星球上的人类建立联系时所面临的最大障碍。\n——那些将我们分隔开的天文距离。\n作为一个合理的猜测，它们平均可能距离我们大约100光年。\n（一光年是指光以每秒186,000英里的速度在一年内所行进的距离，即6万亿英里。）\n无线电波的传播速度也与光速相同。\n假设这样的自动通讯系统能够接收到我们20世纪20年代的首批广播信号的话……\n那么这条信息传到它的母星才走了一半的路程。\n同样地，我们目前使用的原始化学火箭，\n虽然这些飞船的性能已经足够好，可以载人进入太空轨道，但它们根本无法将我们送到离我们最近的另一颗恒星。\n而最近的恒星离我们也有4光年远，更不用说数十或数百光年的距离了。\n幸运的是，我们有一种“独特而理性的方式”来与其他智慧生物进行交流。\n正如沃尔特·沙利文在他那本出色的书中所说……\n我们并不孤单。\n这取决于21厘米波长的精确无线电频率，即每秒1420兆周。\n这是太空中氢原子的自然辐射频率，由我们在1951年发现；\n宇宙中任何射电天文学家都应该知道这个频率。\n一旦这种波长的存在被确认，\n人们很快便提出了将其作为星际通信的独特识别频率的想法。\n如果没有这样的频率，\n在其它行星上寻找智慧生命就如同在伦敦与朋友见面时没有事先约定，\n只能荒唐地在街头游荡，希望能偶然碰上一样。",
+    "text": "We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, \nthat given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. \nOf all the planets in our solar system, we are now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. \nMars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, \nand the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. \nBut other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, \nthis possibility becomes virtual certainty. \nThere are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, \nand then there are three thousand million other milky ways or galaxies, in the universe. \nso the number of stars that we know exist is now estimated at about 300 million million million.\n\nAlthough perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, \nso vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.\n\nIf then we are so certain that other intelligent life exists in the universe, why have we had no visitors from outer space yet? \nFirst of all, they may have come to this planet of ours thousands or millions of years ago, \nand found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninteresting to their own advanced knowledge. \nProfessor Ronald Bracewell, a leading American radio astronomer, \nargued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system, \nmay have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization. \nSuch a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals, \nmight well re-transmit them back to its home-planet, \nalthough what impression any other civilization would thus get from us is best left unsaid.\n\nBut here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets \n-- the astronomical distances which separate us. \nAs a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away. \n(A light year is the distance which light travels at 186, 000 miles per second in one year, namely 6 million million miles.) \nRadio waves also travel at the speed of light, \nand assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcasts of the 1920's, \nthe message to its home planet is barely halfway there. \nSimilarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets, \nthough good enough to orbit men, have no chance of transporting us to the nearest other star, \nfour light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years.\n\nFortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings, \nas Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book, \nWe Are not Alone. \nThis depends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second. \nIt is the natural frequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space and was discovered by us in 1951; \nit must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe.\n\nOnce the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, \nit was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested. \nWithout something of this kind, \nsearching for intelligences on other planets would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous \nand absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.\n\n--ANTHONY MICHAELIS Are There Strangers in Space? from The Weekend Telegraph--",
+    "textTranslate": "我们必须从那些研究生命起源的科学家们的研究成果中得出结论。 \n只要有一颗行星的条件与我们的地球大致相似，生命几乎必然会诞生。 \n在我们太阳系中的所有行星中，我们现在可以相当确定：地球是唯一一个适合生命生存的星球。 \n火星太干燥且氧气含量极低；金星的温度过高；水星的情况也是如此。 \n外行星的温度接近绝对零度，其大气层主要由氢气构成。 \n但是其他恒星（正如天文学家所称的那样）肯定也拥有像我们地球这样的行星，而且由于宇宙中的恒星数量如此庞大， \n这种可能性几乎变成了必然的事实。 \n仅在我们自己的银河系中，就有一千亿颗恒星， \n此外，宇宙中还有三十亿个类似的银河系或星系。 \n因此，目前已知的恒星数量估计约为3×10²³颗。 \n\n尽管在所有生命起源中，可能只有1%的生命会发展成高度复杂且具有智能的形态， \n行星的数量如此之多，以至于智慧生命必定是宇宙中自然存在的一部分。 \n\n如果我们确信宇宙中存在其他智慧生命，那么为什么至今还没有来自外太空的访客呢？ \n首先，他们可能早在几千甚至几百万年前就来到了我们的这个星球上。 \n他们发现我们当时所处的原始状态，与他们自己所拥有的先进知识相比，完全毫无吸引力（或者说：他们认为我们的原始状态极其乏味、毫无价值）。 \n罗纳德·布雷斯韦尔教授是美国著名的射电天文学家。 \n在《自然》杂志上论证说，这样一个高度发达的文明在造访我们的太阳系时， \n它可能留下了一种自动信息传递系统，等待着某个先进文明的觉醒。 \n这样的“信使”能够接收我们的无线电和电视信号。 \n很可能会将这些信息重新传回它的母星。 \n不过，其他文明对我们会有怎样的印象，最好还是不要去说了。 \n\n但在这里，我们遇到了与其它星球上的人类建立联系时所面临的最大障碍。 \n——那些将我们分隔开的天文距离。 \n作为一个合理的猜测，它们平均可能距离我们大约100光年。 \n（一光年是指光以每秒186,000英里的速度在一年内所行进的距离，即6万亿英里。） \n无线电波的传播速度也与光速相同。 \n假设这样的自动通讯系统能够接收到我们20世纪20年代的首批广播信号的话…… \n那么这条信息传到它的母星才走了一半的路程。 \n同样地，我们目前使用的原始化学火箭， \n虽然这些飞船的性能已经足够好，可以载人进入太空轨道，但它们根本无法将我们送到离我们最近的另一颗恒星。 \n而最近的恒星离我们也有4光年远，更不用说数十或数百光年的距离了。 \n\n幸运的是，我们有一种“独特而理性的方式”来与其他智慧生物进行交流。 \n正如沃尔特·沙利文在他那本出色的书中所说…… \n我们并不孤单。 \n这取决于21厘米波长的精确无线电频率，即每秒1420兆周。 \n这是太空中氢原子的自然辐射频率，由我们在1951年发现； \n宇宙中任何射电天文学家都应该知道这个频率。 \n\n一旦这种波长的存在被确认， \n人们很快便提出了将其作为星际通信的独特识别频率的想法。 \n如果没有这样的频率， \n在其它行星上寻找智慧生命就如同在伦敦与朋友见面时没有事先约定， \n只能荒唐地在街头游荡，希望能偶然碰上一样。 \n\n--安东尼·迈克尔 太空中有陌生人吗？ 来自《周末电讯报》--",
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       "start": 11.44,
       "text": "What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on?",
@@ -797,13 +863,15 @@
     "id": "vfu3wl",
     "title": "Patterns of culture",
     "titleTranslate": "文化的模式",
-    "text": "Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment.\nThe inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,\nbut custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at is most commonplace.\nAs a matter of fact, it is the other way around.\nTraditional custom, taken the world over,\nis a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions,\nno matter how aberrant.\nYet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter.\nThe fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief,\nand the very great varieties it may manifest.\nNo man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes.\nHe sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.\nEven in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes;\nhis very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.\nJohn Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual,\nas against any way in which he can affect traditional custom,\nis as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue\nagainst those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.\nWhen one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously,\nthe figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation.\nThe life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation\nto the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.\nFrom the moment of his birth,\nthe customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.\nBy the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture,\nand by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities,\nits habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.\nEvery child that is born into his group will share them with him,\nand no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part.\nThere is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom.\nUntil we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties,\nthe main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.\nThe study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted,\nand some of these propositions have been violently opposed.\nIn the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no\npreferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration.\nIn all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae,\nthe necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions.\nIn this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say.\nIt is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences\nhave substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.\nAnthropology was by definition impossible,\nas long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive,\nourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds.\nIt was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication\nwhere we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour's superstition.\nIt was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural,\nmust be considered together, our own among the rest.",
-    "textTranslate": "“定制”（Custom）通常并不被视为什么值得特别关注或重视的主题（即：它并不常被视作一个值得大肆讨论或重视的议题）。\n我们觉得自己大脑的内部运作机制是特别值得研究的对象。\n不过，就“定制”而言，我们有一套自己的思维方式；在大多数情况下，这种行为其实只是非常普通、常见的现象罢了。\n事实上，情况恰恰相反。\n这是一种传统习俗，已经传播到了世界各地。\n这种由大量细致行为构成的整体，其复杂程度远远超出了任何一个人通过单独行动所能展现出来的能力。\n无论这些行为多么反常（或离谱）。\n然而，这其实只是问题中一个相当微不足道的方面罢了。\n最重要的一点是：在人们的体验和信念中，个人习惯（即“习俗”或“传统”）起着主导性的作用。\n以及它可能展现出的极其多样的形式。\n没有人能够以纯粹、未受污染的眼光来看待这个世界；\n他所看到的世界总是被特定的习俗、制度以及思维方式所塑造的。\n即使在哲学探索中，他也无法超越这些刻板印象；\n他对“真实”与“虚假”的概念依然会受到自己所属传统习俗的影响。\n约翰·杜威曾严肃地指出：习俗在塑造个人行为方面所起的作用，\n与个人试图改变传统习俗的能力相比，\n就如同一个人母语的全部词汇量，\n与他婴儿时期说过的那些被家庭语言所接纳的词语之间的比例一样微不足道。\n当人们认真研究那些有机会自主发展的社会秩序时，\n这些现象不过只是客观、事实性的观察结果罢了。\n个人的生命历程，归根结底，就是一种适应过程。\n遵循他所在社区中传统上流传下来的模式和标准。\n从他出生的那一刻起，\n他出生所处的风俗习惯塑造了他的经历和行为方式。\n等到他能够说话的时候，他就已经完全融入了自己所处文化的圈子中，成为了那个文化环境中的“小成员”了。\n等到他长大到可以参与这些活动的时候……\n它的习惯就是他的习惯，它的信念就是他的信念，它所认为的不可能之事，也就是他所认为的不可能之事。\n每个出生在这个群体中的孩子都会与他分享这些东西。\n而任何一个出生在地球另一端的孩子，永远也无法达到那目标的千分之一（即永远无法达到那个目标）。\n没有哪个社会问题比“习俗的作用”更值得我们去深入了解的了。\n直到我们能够充分理解这些自然规律及其多样性（即各种自然现象的成因与表现形式）为止……\n人类生活中那些最复杂、最难以理解的因素，或许永远都无法被我们完全弄清楚。\n只有当某些初步的假设或前提被接受之后，对“定制”（customization）的研究才有可能带来利润。\n其中一些提议遭到了强烈的反对。\n首先，任何科学研究都必须确保不存在（某种干扰或错误因素）。\n在它所选中的各项内容中，会对其中某一项给予优先权（即给予更高的权重或更重要的考虑）。\n在所有争议较少的领域中，比如对仙人掌、白蚁的研究，或者对星云本质的探索，\n必要的学习方法是：将相关的学习材料整理成组，并记录下所有可能存在的变体形式和各种条件。\n通过这种方式，我们了解了所有关于天文学定律的知识，或者比如说，关于社会性昆虫习性的知识。\n只有在研究人类自身时，那些主要的社会科学（如社会学、心理学等）才能真正发挥其作用（或：只有通过研究人类自身，这些社会科学才能获得深刻的理解和发展的动力）。\n他们已经将研究重点从对某一特定地方性文化现象的探讨，转向了对西方文明的研究。\n从定义上来说，人类学本身就是不可能存在的（或者说，人类学的研究是不可能完成的）。\n只要我们与原始人之间存在这些差异（或：只要我们与原始人之间存在这些区别），\n我们（指那些自认为是文明的人）以及那些被视为“野蛮人”或“异教徒”的人，曾经对人们的思想产生了巨大的影响（即控制了人们的观念和信仰）。\n首先，必须达到那种高度的成熟度或复杂性才行。\n在我们不再将自己的信仰与邻居的迷信对立起来的地方，\n我们必须认识到：那些基于相同前提（比如超自然信仰）的制度，\n都应该被一并考虑——包括我们自己的信仰在内。",
+    "text": "Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment. \nThe inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, \nbut custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at is most commonplace. \nAs a matter of fact, it is the other way around. \nTraditional custom, taken the world over, \nis a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, \nno matter how aberrant. \nYet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. \nThe fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, \nand the very great varieties it may manifest.\n\nNo man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. \nHe sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. \nEven in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; \nhis very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. \nJohn Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual, \nas against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, \nis as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue \nagainst those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. \nWhen one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, \nthe figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. \nThe life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation \nto the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. \nFrom the moment of his birth, \nthe customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour. \nBy the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, \nand by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, \nits habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. \nEvery child that is born into his group will share them with him, \nand no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. \nThere is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. \nUntil we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, \nthe main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.\n\nThe study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, \nand some of these propositions have been violently opposed. \nIn the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no \npreferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. \nIn all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, \nthe necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. \nIn this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. \nIt is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences \nhave substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.\n\nAnthropology was by definition impossible, \nas long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, \nourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds. \nIt was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication \nwhere we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour's superstition. \nIt was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, \nmust be considered together, our own among the rest.\n\n--RUTH BENEDICT Patterns of Culture--",
+    "textTranslate": "“定制”（Custom）通常并不被视为什么值得特别关注或重视的主题。 \n我们觉得自己大脑的内部运作机制是特别值得研究的对象。 \n不过，就“定制”而言，我们有一套自己的思维方式；在大多数情况下，这种行为其实只是非常普通、常见的现象罢了。 \n事实上，情况恰恰相反。 \n这是一种传统习俗，已经传播到了世界各地。 \n这种由大量细致行为构成的整体，其复杂程度远远超出了任何一个人通过单独行动所能展现出来的能力。 \n无论这些行为多么反常（或离谱）。 \n然而，这其实只是问题中一个相当微不足道的方面罢了。 \n最重要的一点是：在人们的体验和信念中，个人习惯（即“习俗”或“传统”）起着主导性的作用。 \n以及它可能展现出的极其多样的形式。 \n\n没有人能够以纯粹、未受污染的眼光来看待这个世界； \n他所看到的世界总是被特定的习俗、制度以及思维方式所塑造的。 \n即使在哲学探索中，他也无法超越这些刻板印象； \n他对“真实”与“虚假”的概念依然会受到自己所属传统习俗的影响。 \n约翰·杜威曾严肃地指出：习俗在塑造个人行为方面所起的作用， \n与个人试图改变传统习俗的能力相比， \n就如同一个人母语的全部词汇量， \n与他婴儿时期说过的那些被家庭语言所接纳的词语之间的比例一样微不足道。 \n当人们认真研究那些有机会自主发展的社会秩序时， \n这些现象不过只是客观、事实性的观察结果罢了。 \n个人的生命历程，归根结底，就是一种适应过程。 \n遵循他所在社区中传统上流传下来的模式和标准。 \n从他出生的那一刻起， \n他出生所处的风俗习惯塑造了他的经历和行为方式。 \n等到他能够说话的时候，他就已经完全融入了自己所处文化的圈子中，成为了那个文化环境中的“小成员”了。 \n等到他长大到可以参与这些活动的时候…… \n它的习惯就是他的习惯，它的信念就是他的信念，它所认为的不可能之事，也就是他所认为的不可能之事。 \n每个出生在这个群体中的孩子都会与他分享这些东西。 \n而任何一个出生在地球另一端的孩子，永远也无法达到那目标的千分之一（即永远无法达到那个目标）。 \n没有哪个社会问题比“习俗的作用”更值得我们去深入了解的了。 \n直到我们能够充分理解这些自然规律及其多样性（即各种自然现象的成因与表现形式）为止…… \n人类生活中那些最复杂、最难以理解的因素，或许永远都无法被我们完全弄清楚。 \n\n只有当某些初步的假设或前提被接受之后，对“定制”（customization）的研究才有可能带来利润。 \n其中一些提议遭到了强烈的反对。 \n首先，任何科学研究都必须确保不存在（某种干扰或错误因素）。 \n在它所选中的各项内容中，会对其中某一项给予优先权（即给予更高的权重或更重要的考虑）。 \n在所有争议较少的领域中，比如对仙人掌、白蚁的研究，或者对星云本质的探索， \n必要的学习方法是：将相关的学习材料整理成组，并记录下所有可能存在的变体形式和各种条件。 \n通过这种方式，我们了解了所有关于天文学定律的知识，或者比如说，关于社会性昆虫习性的知识。 \n只有在研究人类自身时，那些主要的社会科学（如社会学、心理学等）才能真正发挥其作用（或：只有通过研究人类自身，这些社会科学才能获得深刻的理解和发展的动力）。 \n他们已经将研究重点从对某一特定地方性文化现象的探讨，转向了对西方文明的研究。 \n\n从定义上来说，人类学本身就是不可能存在的。 \n只要我们与原始人之间存在这些差异， \n我们以及那些被视为“野蛮人”或“异教徒”的人，曾经对人们的思想产生了巨大的影响。 \n首先，必须达到那种高度的成熟度或复杂性才行。 \n在我们不再将自己的信仰与邻居的迷信对立起来的地方， \n我们必须认识到：那些基于相同前提的制度， \n都应该被一并考虑——包括我们自己的信仰在内。 \n\n--RUTH-BENEDICT  《文化模式》--",
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     "question": {
       "start": 9.88,
       "text": "What influences us from the moment of birth?",
@@ -815,13 +883,15 @@
     "id": "-rfB1s",
     "title": "men and galaxies",
     "titleTranslate": "人与星系",
-    "text": "In man's early days, competition with other creatures must have been critical.\nBut this phase of our development is now finished.\nIndeed, we lack practice and experience nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions.\nI am sure that, without modern weapons,\nI would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone.\nThe last creature to compete with man was the mosquito.\nBut even the mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays.\nCompetition between ourselves, person against person,\ncommunity against community, still persists, however; and it is as fierce as it ever was.\nBut the competition of man against man is not the simple process envisioned in biology.\nIt is not a simple competition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment,\nbecause the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical.\nOur environment is chiefly conditoned by the things we believe.\nMorocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes,\nboth on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources.\nYet their present development is wholly different,\nnot so much because of different people even,\nbut because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants.\nThis is the point I wish to emphasize.\nThe most important factor in our environment is the state of our own minds.\nIt is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture,\nthe most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but from ideas.\nIdeas are dangerous.\nThe Holy Office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by.\nIndeed, the concept of free speech only exists in our modern society because when you are inside a community,\nyou are conditioned by the conventions of the community to such a degree that it is very difficult to conceive of anything really destructive.\nIt is only someone looking on from outside that can inject the dangerous thoughts.\nI do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern world that would utterly destroy us.\nI would like to give you an example, but fortunately I cannot do so.\nPerhaps it will suffice to mention the nuclear bomb.\nImagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society,\none that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying suffcient details to enable the thing to be constructed.\n20 or 30 pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925,\nwould have been sufficient to change the course of world history.\nIt is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one,\nthat twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.\nI have often tried to conceive of what those pages might contain,\nbut of course I cannot do so because I am a prisoner of the present-day world, just as all of you are.\nWe cannot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or,\nto be more accurate we can think only a very little way outside and then only if we are very original.",
-    "textTranslate": "在人类早期，与其他生物的竞争肯定至关重要。\n但我们发展的这个阶段现在已经结束了。\n确实，如今我们在应对恶劣环境（或原始条件）时缺乏相应的实践经验和能力。\n我确信，如果没有现代武器的话，\n如果我要和一只熊争论某个洞穴的所有权，那我肯定会表现得非常愚蠢（或者说：我的行为会显得极其愚蠢）。而且，我认为不止我一个人会有这种想法。\n最后一种与人类竞争的生物是蚊子。\n不过，就连蚊子也因为人们对排水系统的重视以及化学喷雾的使用而得到了控制（即蚊子的数量被减少了）。\n人与人之间的竞争；\n然而，社区之间的对立与冲突依然存在，而且比以往任何时候都更加激烈。\n但是人与人之间的竞争，并不是生物学中所描述的那种简单的过程。\n这并不是一场简单的比赛；比赛中的食物数量并不是由自然环境（即物理条件）来决定的。\n因为决定我们进化的环境已经不再是纯粹的物理环境（即，影响我们进化的因素不再仅仅局限于物理因素）。\n我们的环境在很大程度上是由我们的信念所塑造的。\n摩洛哥和加利福尼亚都位于相似的纬度线上。\n它们都位于各大洲的西海岸，拥有相似的气候条件，以及可能相当相似的自然资源。\n然而，他们目前的发展状况却完全不同。\n其实，这并不完全是因为人与人之间的差异……\n但是，由于这些地方居民的思维方式各不相同（即他们的想法和观念存在差异），情况就变得复杂了。\n这就是我想强调的重点。\n我们环境中最重要的因素，就是我们自己心理的状态。\n众所周知，每当白人侵入原始文化时，\n最具破坏性的影响并非来自物理武器，而是来自思想。\n想法是危险的。\n在过去的岁月里，当宗教裁判所将异端分子处以火刑时，他们对此再清楚不过了。\n的确，言论自由这一概念只存在于我们的现代社会中。因为当人们身处一个特定的社群（或社区）时，言论自由才得以实现。\n你深受社区习俗的影响，以至于很难想象任何真正具有破坏性的行为或事物。\n只有那些从外部观察的人，才有可能灌输那些危险的思想。\n我毫不怀疑，将某些有害的思想引入现代社会是完全可能的；这些思想很可能会对我们造成毁灭性的影响。\n我想给你举个例子，但幸运的是，我无法做到这一点。\n或许只需提到核弹就足够了。\n想象一下这对一个技术相当先进的社会会产生什么样的影响吧。\n那个仍然没有掌握这种技术的人，也没有意识到这种技术的可能性，更没有提供足够的细节来帮助人们制造出这种装置。\n大约在1925年，如果有任何世界大国收到这样20到30页的信息资料的话……\n这本足以改变世界历史的进程。\n这是个奇怪的想法，但我相信它是正确的。\n那些二十到三十页的内容（其中包含了各种想法和信息）有可能彻底改变当今的世界，甚至将其摧毁。\n我经常试图想象那些页面上可能包含些什么内容。\n但当然，我无法做到这一点——因为我就像你们所有人一样，是这个现代社会的“囚徒”。\n我们无法跳出大脑所习惯的特定思维模式来进行思考。\n更准确地说，我们只能稍微超出常规思维的范围去思考；而且只有当我们真正具备创新性（即非常“有创意”）时，才能做到这一点。",
+    "text": "In man's early days, competition with other creatures must have been critical. \nBut this phase of our development is now finished. \nIndeed, we lack practice and experience nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions. \nI am sure that, without modern weapons, \nI would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone. \nThe last creature to compete with man was the mosquito. \nBut even the mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays.\n\nCompetition between ourselves, person against person, community against community, still persists, however; and it is as fierce as it ever was.\n\nBut the competition of man against man is not the simple process envisioned in biology. \nIt is not a simple competition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment, \nbecause the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical. \nOur environment is chiefly conditoned by the things we believe. \nMorocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes, \nboth on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources. \nYet their present development is wholly different, \nnot so much because of different people even, \nbut because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants. \nThis is the point I wish to emphasize. \nThe most important factor in our environment is the state of our own minds.\n\nIt is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture, \nthe most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but from ideas. \nIdeas are dangerous. \nThe Holy Office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by. \nIndeed, the concept of free speech only exists in our modern society because when you are inside a community, \nyou are conditioned by the conventions of the community to such a degree that it is very difficult to conceive of anything really destructive. \nIt is only someone looking on from outside that can inject the dangerous thoughts. \nI do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern world that would utterly destroy us. \nI would like to give you an example, but fortunately I cannot do so. \nPerhaps it will suffice to mention the nuclear bomb. \nImagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, \none that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying suffcient details to enable the thing to be constructed. \n20 or 30 pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925, \nwould have been sufficient to change the course of world history. \nIt is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, \nthat twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it. \nI have often tried to conceive of what those pages might contain, \nbut of course I cannot do so because I am a prisoner of the present-day world, just as all of you are. \nWe cannot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or, \nto be more accurate we can think only a very little way outside and then only if we are very original.\n\n--FRED HOYLE Of Men and Galaxies--",
+    "textTranslate": "在人类早期，与其他生物的竞争肯定至关重要。 \n但我们发展的这个阶段现在已经结束了。 \n确实，如今我们在应对恶劣环境时缺乏相应的实践经验和能力。 \n我确信，如果没有现代武器的话， \n如果我要和一只熊争论某个洞穴的所有权，那我肯定会表现得非常愚蠢。而且，我认为不止我一个人会有这种想法。 \n最后一种与人类竞争的生物是蚊子。 \n不过，就连蚊子也因为人们对排水系统的重视以及化学喷雾的使用而得到了控制。 \n\n然而，人与人之间的竞争，社区之间的对立与冲突依然存在，而且比以往任何时候都更加激烈。 \n\n但是人与人之间的竞争，并不是生物学中所描述的那种简单的过程。 \n这并不是一场简单的比赛；比赛中的食物数量并不是由自然环境来决定的。 \n因为决定我们进化的环境已经不再是纯粹的物理环境。 \n我们的环境在很大程度上是由我们的信念所塑造的。 \n摩洛哥和加利福尼亚都位于相似的纬度线上。 \n它们都位于各大洲的西海岸，拥有相似的气候条件，以及可能相当相似的自然资源。 \n然而，他们目前的发展状况却完全不同。 \n其实，这并不完全是因为人与人之间的差异…… \n但是，由于这些地方居民的思维方式各不相同，情况就变得复杂了。 \n这就是我想强调的重点。 \n我们环境中最重要的因素，就是我们自己心理的状态。 \n\n众所周知，每当白人侵入原始文化时， \n最具破坏性的影响并非来自物理武器，而是来自思想。 \n想法是危险的。 \n在过去的岁月里，当宗教裁判所将异端分子处以火刑时，他们对此再清楚不过了。 \n的确，言论自由这一概念只存在于我们的现代社会中。因为当人们身处一个特定的社群时，言论自由才得以实现。 \n你深受社区习俗的影响，以至于很难想象任何真正具有破坏性的行为或事物。 \n只有那些从外部观察的人，才有可能灌输那些危险的思想。 \n我毫不怀疑，将某些有害的思想引入现代社会是完全可能的；这些思想很可能会对我们造成毁灭性的影响。 \n我想给你举个例子，但幸运的是，我无法做到这一点。 \n或许只需提到核弹就足够了。 \n想象一下这对一个技术相当先进的社会会产生什么样的影响吧。 \n那个仍然没有掌握这种技术的人，也没有意识到这种技术的可能性，更没有提供足够的细节来帮助人们制造出这种装置。 \n大约在1925年，如果有任何世界大国收到这样20到30页的信息资料的话…… \n这本足以改变世界历史的进程。 \n这是个奇怪的想法，但我相信它是正确的。 \n那些二十到三十页的内容有可能彻底改变当今的世界，甚至将其摧毁。 \n我经常试图想象那些页面上可能包含些什么内容。 \n但当然，我无法做到这一点——因为我就像你们所有人一样，是这个现代社会的“囚徒”。 \n我们无法跳出大脑所习惯的特定思维模式来进行思考。 \n更准确地说，我们只能稍微超出常规思维的范围去思考；而且只有当我们真正具备创新性时，才能做到这一点。 \n\n——弗雷德·霍伊尔《人类与星系》——",
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     "question": {
       "start": 11.2,
       "text": "What is the most influential factor in any human society?",
@@ -833,13 +903,15 @@
     "id": "b3_5AE",
     "title": "Hobbies",
     "titleTranslate": "业余爱好",
-    "text": "A gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion;\nthe mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.'\nIt is useless to argue with the mind in this condition.\nThe stronger the will, the more futile the task.\nOne can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp.\nAnd if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest,\ngradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.\nThe cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man.\nBut this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.\nThe growth of alternative mental interests is a long process.\nThe seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground;\nthey must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.\nTo be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real.\nIt is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.'\nSuch an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.\nA man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief.\nIt is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.\nBroadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes:\nthose who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.\nIt is no use offering the manual labourer,\ntired out with a hard week's sweat and effort the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.\nIt is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days,\nto work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.\nAs for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want,\nwho can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire--for them a new pleasure a new excitement is only an additional satiation.\nIn vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.\nFor them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.\nIt may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes:\nfirst, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure;\nand secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one.\nOf these the former are the majority. They have their compensations.\nThe long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward,\nnot only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms.\nBut Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class.\nTheir life is a natural harmony.\nFor them the working hours are never long enough.\nEach day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation.\nYet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere of a diversion of effort, is essential.\nIndeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.",
-    "textTranslate": "一位才华横溢的美国心理学家曾说过：“忧虑其实是一种情绪的突然发作（或：忧虑是情绪的一种剧烈波动）。”\n“人的思维一旦抓住了某个想法或概念，就会紧紧不放。”\n在这种状态下，与“理智”（或“思维”）争论是毫无意义的。\n意志越坚强，这项任务就越显得徒劳无功（即完成这项任务的难度就越大）。\n人们只能小心翼翼地、慢慢地将其他东西引入它那“抽搐般”的、难以控制的掌控之中。\n那么，如果这个“其他的东西”被正确地选中了，如果它确实得到了另一个研究领域的支持或帮助（即得到了该领域专家的指导或资源），\n慢慢地，而且往往速度相当快，那些旧有的、不必要的束缚就会逐渐消失，身体开始恢复和修复的过程。\n因此，培养个人爱好和新的兴趣爱好对于一位公众人物来说是一项至关重要的政策（或：对于公众人物而言，培养个人爱好和新的兴趣爱好是一项非常重要的举措）。\n但这并不是一项能够在一天内完成、或者仅仅通过一时的意志力就能迅速解决的事情。\n培养其他类型的兴趣爱好是一个漫长的过程。\n种子必须经过精心挑选；它们必须被种在肥沃的土壤里。\n如果想要在需要时立即获得那些能够带来活力的成果，就必须对这些事物进行精心照料（或：必须对这些事物进行持续的管理和维护）。\n要想真正获得幸福和安全感，一个人至少应该有两到三个爱好，而且这些爱好都必须是真实存在的（即不是为了满足他人或社会期望而虚假拥有的）。\n人生晚些时候才开始说“我想对这件事或那件事产生兴趣”，也是无济于事的。\n这样的尝试只会加剧精神上的压力（或：只会让精神负担更加沉重）。\n一个人可能会在那些与他的日常工作无关的领域获得丰富的知识，但却几乎无法从中获得任何实际的好处或帮助（即这些知识无法应用于他的工作中）。\n光做自己喜欢的事情是没有用的；你必须真正喜欢自己所做的事情。\n广义上讲，人类可以分为三类：\n那些累死的人，那些担心死的人，以及那些无聊死的人。\n向那些从事体力劳动的人提供帮助（或资源）是没有用的。\n经过一周的辛勤工作和劳累，终于在周六下午有了机会去踢足球或打棒球了。\n邀请那位政客、专业人士或商人是没有用的——他们已经连续六天都在处理一些严肃、重要的事务了，根本无暇顾及其他事情。\n在周末的时候，就别去忙那些琐碎的事情了，也别为此烦恼了。\n至于那些不幸的人——他们虽然能够随心所欲地支配一切，\n那些能够满足自己所有的任性欲望、几乎可以得到任何想要的东西的人，对他们来说，新的快乐或新的刺激只不过是一种额外的满足罢了。\n他们徒劳地四处奔忙，试图通过制造噪音和动作来逃避那种令人痛苦的、无意义的无聊感。\n对他们来说，无论以何种形式存在，纪律都是通往成功的最有希望的道路。\n也可以这样说：那些理性、勤奋且有用的人被分成了两个阶层。\n首先，那些将工作视为工作、将娱乐视为娱乐的人；\n其次，那些将工作与个人乐趣融为一体的人。\n其中，前者占大多数。它们也有自己的优势（或：它们也有自己的补偿机制）。\n在办公室或工厂长时间工作所带来的“回报”是……（不过原文后半部分内容缺失，无法完整翻译。）\n人们不仅需要维持生计的手段，同时也渴望享受各种乐趣——哪怕这些乐趣是最简单、最朴素的。\n但那些受到《财富》杂志青睐的人属于第二阶层。\n他们的生活充满了和谐与宁静。\n对他们来说，工作时间永远都不够长；每一天都像节日一样美好。\n然而，当普通的假期到来时，他们却会将其视为对这份令人着迷的工作的打扰，因而感到不满。\n其实，对于这两个阶层的人来说，都需要一种不同的生活方式、一种能够改变氛围、转移注意力的方式。\n事实上，那些将工作视为乐趣的人，或许正是最需要偶尔将工作从脑海中暂时抛开的人。",
+    "text": "A gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; \nthe mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' \nIt is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. \nThe stronger the will, the more futile the task. \nOne can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. \nAnd if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, \ngradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.\n\nThe cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. \nBut this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. \nThe growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. \nThe seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; \nthey must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.\n\nTo be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. \nIt is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' \nSuch an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. \nA man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. \nIt is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. \nBroadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: \nthose who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. \nIt is no use offering the manual labourer, \ntired out with a hard week's sweat and effort the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. \nIt is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, \nto work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.\n\nAs for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, \nwho can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire--for them a new pleasure a new excitement is only an additional satiation. \nIn vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. \nFor them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.\n\nIt may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: \nfirst, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; \nand secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. \nOf these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. \nThe long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, \nnot only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. \nBut Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. \nTheir life is a natural harmony. \nFor them the working hours are never long enough. \nEach day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. \nYet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere of a diversion of effort, is essential. \nIndeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.\n\n--WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime--",
+    "textTranslate": "一位才华横溢的美国心理学家曾说过：“忧虑其实是一种情绪的突然发作。” \n“人的思维一旦抓住了某个想法或概念，就会紧紧不放。” \n在这种状态下，与“理智”争论是毫无意义的。 \n意志越坚强，这项任务就越显得徒劳无功。 \n人们只能小心翼翼地、慢慢地将其他东西引入它那“抽搐般”的、难以控制的掌控之中。 \n那么，如果这个“其他的东西”被正确地选中了，如果它确实得到了另一个研究领域的支持或帮助， \n慢慢地，而且往往速度相当快，那些旧有的、不必要的束缚就会逐渐消失，身体开始恢复和修复的过程。 \n\n因此，培养个人爱好和新的兴趣爱好对于一位公众人物来说是一项至关重要的政策。 \n但这并不是一项能够在一天内完成、或者仅仅通过一时的意志力就能迅速解决的事情。 \n培养其他类型的兴趣爱好是一个漫长的过程。 \n种子必须经过精心挑选；它们必须被种在肥沃的土壤里。 \n如果想要在需要时立即获得那些能够带来活力的成果，就必须对这些事物进行精心照料。 \n\n要想真正获得幸福和安全感，一个人至少应该有两到三个爱好，而且这些爱好都必须是真实存在的。 \n人生晚些时候才开始说“我想对这件事或那件事产生兴趣”，也是无济于事的。 \n这样的尝试只会加剧精神上的压力。 \n一个人可能会在那些与他的日常工作无关的领域获得丰富的知识，但却几乎无法从中获得任何实际的好处或帮助。 \n光做自己喜欢的事情是没有用的；你必须真正喜欢自己所做的事情。 \n广义上讲，人类可以分为三类： \n那些累死的人，那些担心死的人，以及那些无聊死的人。 \n向那些从事体力劳动的人提供帮助是没有用的。 \n经过一周的辛勤工作和劳累，终于在周六下午有了机会去踢足球或打棒球了。 \n邀请那位政客、专业人士或商人是没有用的——他们已经连续六天都在处理一些严肃、重要的事务了，根本无暇顾及其他事情。 \n在周末的时候，就别去忙那些琐碎的事情了，也别为此烦恼了。 \n\n至于那些不幸的人——他们虽然能够随心所欲地支配一切， \n那些能够满足自己所有的任性欲望、几乎可以得到任何想要的东西的人，对他们来说，新的快乐或新的刺激只不过是一种额外的满足罢了。 \n他们徒劳地四处奔忙，试图通过制造噪音和动作来逃避那种令人痛苦的、无意义的无聊感。 \n对他们来说，无论以何种形式存在，纪律都是通往成功的最有希望的道路。 \n\n也可以这样说：那些理性、勤奋且有用的人被分成了两个阶层。 \n首先，那些将工作视为工作、将娱乐视为娱乐的人； \n其次，那些将工作与个人乐趣融为一体的人。 \n其中，前者占大多数。它们也有自己的优势。 \n在办公室或工厂长时间工作所带来的“回报”是…… \n人们不仅需要维持生计的手段，同时也渴望享受各种乐趣——哪怕这些乐趣是最简单、最朴素的。 \n但那些受到《财富》杂志青睐的人属于第二阶层。 \n他们的生活充满了和谐与宁静。 \n对他们来说，工作时间永远都不够长；每一天都像节日一样美好。 \n然而，当普通的假期到来时，他们却会将其视为对这份令人着迷的工作的打扰，因而感到不满。 \n其实，对于这两个阶层的人来说，都需要一种不同的生活方式、一种能够改变氛围、转移注意力的方式。 \n事实上，那些将工作视为乐趣的人，或许正是最需要偶尔将工作从脑海中暂时抛开的人。 \n\n——温斯顿·丘吉尔 《绘画作为一种消遣》——",
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       "start": 9.56,
       "text": "Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?",
@@ -851,13 +923,15 @@
     "id": "v0C6OT",
     "title": "The great escape",
     "titleTranslate": "大逃亡",
-    "text": "Economy is one powerful motive for camping,\nsince after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.\nBut, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest.\nThe man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley.\nMore likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.\nThat the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic,\na brighter promise for the hopeful traveller who has sworn to get away from it all.\nIt also provides--and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon--an escape of another kind.\nThe modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista,\nnot because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them.\nAffluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid.\nMaster in his own house he has little idea of when to say boo to a manager hotel.\nFrom all such fears camping releases him.\nGranted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists;\nbut it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with.\nThere is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.\nTo such motives, yet another must be added.\nThe contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails.\nTo this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.\nFrom one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand.\nNot only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping,\nbut the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement)\nare there, outside--or, as likely, part of--the tent.\nIdealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour,\nthat the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited.\nInsularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand.\nThe opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place.\nHoliday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively.\nCamping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan.\nGranted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites;\nbut as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage.\nNotices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes,\nor the use of water points for car washing,\nor those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch.\nAt meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic.\nThe Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.\nWhether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.\nMunicipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom.\nPolice are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls.\nBut most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave;\nin short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside.\nOnly good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.",
-    "textTranslate": "经济因素是人们选择露营的一个重要原因。\n因为在购买了设备或租用设备之后，总花费可能远低于住酒店的费用。\n但是，与普遍的看法相反，这远非唯一的动机，甚至也不是最主要的动机。\n在欧洲众多永久性露营地中，那个小心翼翼地把自己价值20英镑的装备挪进空间的人，可能会发现自己撞上了一辆宾利。\n更有可能的是，福特Escort会与雷诺或奔驰并排停放，但很少会与双人自行车并排。\n对于那些持悲观态度的人来说，现代露营装备逐年变得越来越先进，这确实是一个颇具讽刺意味的矛盾现象。\n对于那些渴望逃离现实、追求自由生活的旅行者来说，这无疑是一个更加光明的希望。\n它还提供了一种不同的“逃避方式”；一些研究社会现象的学生或许会想以此作为自己论文的写作基础。\n现代旅行者往往不喜欢那些名为'辉煌'或'美景'的豪华酒店，\n不是因为他买不起这些物质上的享受，也不是因为他拒绝它们，而是因为他害怕它们。\n尽管他很富有，但他仍然不知道该给门卫或客房服务员多少小费才合适。\n在自己家里他或许很自在，但在酒店里，他完全不知道该如何与经理打交道。\n面对所有这些恐惧，露营反而让他感到解脱（或：露营让他摆脱了恐惧）。\n诚然，基于所使用的装备和技术，露营本身就带有一种“优越感”或“傲慢的态度”（即认为露营是一种比其他活动更高级、更优越的休闲方式）。\n不过，这种情况属于他能够轻易理解并妥善处理的类型。\n没有管理层和酒店等级制度中那些高高在上的'他们'来破坏他的假期心情。\n除了这些动机之外，还必须再加上另一个动机。\n当代社会中对汽车的崇拜现象，很大程度上可以归因于汽车所有权所带来的独立感和自由感。\n正是这种乐趣，让露营活动增添了无与伦比的精致感与高雅氛围。\n从自己家中的前门出发，无论是前往国内的山丘、沙漠，还是国外，无论走到哪里，一切所需的东西都唾手可得。\n不仅前往这个度假天堂的方式完全由自己掌控（即可以自由选择出行方式），\n但是，还是有办法摆脱这种“假期地狱”般的境况的（比如当海滩过于拥挤，或者当地天气过于恶劣时）。\n这些逃离'假期地狱'的手段就在帐篷外——或者很可能就是帐篷的一部分。\n理想主义者反对露营这种活动，也同样反对跟团旅游（即包价旅游）。\n这意味着出国旅行的游客就失去了了解所访问国家人民的机会。\n有人认为，孤立主义与自我封闭是密不可分的。\n这种观点在人们实际体验了那处热门的欧洲大陆露营地之后就被推翻了。\n假日酒店通常主要服务于某一特定国籍的游客，有时甚至只接待该国籍的客人。\n相比之下，露营地具有很强的国际性（即各种文化背景的人在这里都能和谐共处）。\n诚然，德国人的数量占多数似乎是大多数地中海地区共有的特征；\n但到目前为止还没有出现压倒性的特定国籍客人。\n禁止户外晾晒衣物的告示，\n禁止用水龙头洗车的告示，\n那些邀请“我们的露营伙伴”参加舞会或乘船旅行的邀请函，不仅用法语、意大利语和西班牙语印刷，还用英语、德语和荷兰语印刷。\n用餐时，酸菜的味道与大蒜的味道交织在一起，令人难以忽视。\n法国人的早餐咖啡与英国人的培根和鸡蛋形成了鲜明对比。\n很难说，有组织的露营活动的迅速发展是否意味着那些更加独立、自由式的露营方式的最终消亡。\n市政当局自然希望确保能收到露营者的场地费和其他消费。\n警方对那些无法被追踪到任何已知营地范围或固定住所的流动人员保持警惕。\n但很可能一切都取决于露营者自己：他们引发了多少野火；他们留下了多少垃圾；\n简而言之，无论这样做是否会完全疏远土地所有者以及农村居民……\n只有良好的露营行为规范才可能保住那些永恒童子军心中珍视的自由。",
+    "text": "Economy is one powerful motive for camping, \nsince after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. \nBut, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. \nThe man who manoeuvres carelessly into his 20 pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. \nMore likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.\n\nThat the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, \na brighter promise for the hopeful traveller who has sworn to get away from it all. \nIt also provides--and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon--an escape of another kind. \nThe modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, \nnot because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. \nAffluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. \nMaster in his own house he has little idea of when to say boo to a manager hotel.\n\nFrom all such fears camping releases him. \nGranted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; \nbut it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. \nThere is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.\n\nTo such motives, yet another must be added. \nThe contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. \nTo this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement. \nFrom one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. \nNot only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, \nbut the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) \nare there, outside--or, as likely, part of--the tent.\n\nIdealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, \nthat the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. \nInsularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. \nThe opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. \nHoliday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. \nCamping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. \nGranted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; \nbut as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. \nNotices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, \nor the use of water points for car washing, \nor those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. \nAt meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. \nThe Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.\n\nWhether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. \nMunicipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. \nPolice are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. \nBut most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; \nin short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. \nOnly good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.\n\n--NIGEL BUXTON The Great Escape from The Weekend Telegraph--",
+    "textTranslate": "经济因素是人们选择露营的一个重要原因。 \n因为在购买了设备或租用设备之后，总花费可能远低于住酒店的费用。 \n但是，与普遍的看法相反，这远非唯一的动机，甚至也不是最主要的动机。 \n在欧洲众多永久性露营地中，那个小心翼翼地把自己价值20英镑的装备挪进空间的人，可能会发现自己撞上了一辆宾利。 \n更有可能的是，福特Escort会与雷诺或奔驰并排停放，但很少会与双人自行车并排。 \n\n对于那些持悲观态度的人来说，现代露营装备逐年变得越来越先进，这确实是一个颇具讽刺意味的矛盾现象。 \n对于那些渴望逃离现实、追求自由生活的旅行者来说，这无疑是一个更加光明的希望。 \n它还提供了一种不同的“逃避方式”；一些研究社会现象的学生或许会想以此作为自己论文的写作基础。 \n现代旅行者往往不喜欢那些名为'辉煌'或'美景'的豪华酒店， \n不是因为他买不起这些物质上的享受，也不是因为他拒绝它们，而是因为他害怕它们。 \n尽管他很富有，但他仍然不知道该给门卫或客房服务员多少小费才合适。 \n在自己家里他或许很自在，但在酒店里，他完全不知道该如何与经理打交道。 \n\n面对所有这些恐惧，露营反而让他感到解脱。 \n诚然，基于所使用的装备和技术，露营本身就带有一种“优越感”或“傲慢的态度”。 \n不过，这种情况属于他能够轻易理解并妥善处理的类型。 \n没有管理层和酒店等级制度中那些高高在上的'他们'来破坏他的假期心情。 \n\n除了这些动机之外，还必须再加上另一个动机。 \n当代社会中对汽车的崇拜现象，很大程度上可以归因于汽车所有权所带来的独立感和自由感。 \n正是这种乐趣，让露营活动增添了无与伦比的精致感与高雅氛围。 \n从自己家中的前门出发，无论是前往国内的山丘、沙漠，还是国外，无论走到哪里，一切所需的东西都唾手可得。 \n不仅前往这个度假天堂的方式完全由自己掌控， \n但是，还是有办法摆脱这种“假期地狱”般的境况的。 \n这些逃离'假期地狱'的手段就在帐篷外——或者很可能就是帐篷的一部分。 \n\n理想主义者反对露营这种活动，也同样反对跟团旅游。 \n这意味着出国旅行的游客就失去了了解所访问国家人民的机会。 \n有人认为，孤立主义与自我封闭是密不可分的。 \n这种观点在人们实际体验了那处热门的欧洲大陆露营地之后就被推翻了。 \n假日酒店通常主要服务于某一特定国籍的游客，有时甚至只接待该国籍的客人。 \n相比之下，露营地具有很强的国际性。 \n诚然，德国人的数量占多数似乎是大多数地中海地区共有的特征； \n但到目前为止还没有出现压倒性的特定国籍客人。 \n禁止户外晾晒衣物的告示， \n禁止用水龙头洗车的告示， \n那些邀请“我们的露营伙伴”参加舞会或乘船旅行的邀请函，不仅用法语、意大利语和西班牙语印刷，还用英语、德语和荷兰语印刷。 \n用餐时，酸菜的味道与大蒜的味道交织在一起，令人难以忽视。 \n法国人的早餐咖啡与英国人的培根和鸡蛋形成了鲜明对比。 \n\n很难说，有组织的露营活动的迅速发展是否意味着那些更加独立、自由式的露营方式的最终消亡。 \n市政当局自然希望确保能收到露营者的场地费和其他消费。 \n警方对那些无法被追踪到任何已知营地范围或固定住所的流动人员保持警惕。 \n但很可能一切都取决于露营者自己：他们引发了多少野火；他们留下了多少垃圾； \n简而言之，无论这样做是否会完全疏远土地所有者以及农村居民…… \n只有良好的露营行为规范才可能保住那些永恒童子军心中珍视的自由。 \n\n--NIGEL BUXTON《周末电讯报》大逃亡--",
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       "start": 10.41,
       "text": "What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?",
@@ -869,17 +943,20 @@
     "id": "5kutfd",
     "title": "Planning a share portfolio",
     "titleTranslate": "规划股份投资",
-    "text": "There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities.\nBut if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter.\nThe serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' --a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim.\nBut exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?\nWell, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money,\nyou're likely to get five different answers,\n--  even if you give all the relevant information about your age, family, finances and what you want from your investments.\nMoral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio.\nHowever, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers\nwould have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs.\nSo what should you do?\nWe'll assume that you have sorted out the basics--like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves.\nYou should then establish your own individual aims.\nThese are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology.\nFor instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income.\nSo preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities.\nIn this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits,\nand perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.\nIf you are younger, and in a solid financial position,\nyou may decide to take an aggressive approach--but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices.\nIf you recognize yourself in this description,\nyou might include a couple of heady growth stocks in your portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian investments.\nOnce you have decided on your investment aims you can then decide where to put your money.\nThe golden rule here is spread your risk--if you put all of your money into Periwigs International,\nyou're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.",
-    "textTranslate": "到处都有那些提供“快速致富”机会的所谓投资顾问。\n但如果你是一位认真的私人投资者，那就把那种“拉斯维加斯式”的消费心态留给那些有钱挥霍的人吧。\n一位精明的投资者需要一个合理的“投资组合”——即一系列经过精心策划的投资项目，这些投资项目应具有明确的结构和清晰的目标。\n但是，对于一个刚进入股票市场的新人来说，究竟应该如何实现这一目标呢？\n那么，如果你去找五家信誉良好的股票经纪公司，询问他们你应该如何处理自己的资金，\n你很可能会得到五个不同的答案。\n——即使你提供了所有关于自己年龄、家庭状况、财务状况以及你对投资的具体期望的相关信息。\n结论？其实，并没有一种“正确”的方式来构建投资组合。\n然而，无疑存在一些错误的做法；您可以放心，我们的五位顾问中没有任何一个人会采用这些错误的做法。\n会建议你把所有的钱（或者哪怕一部分钱）都投入到 Periwigs 公司。\n那么你应该怎么做呢？\n我们假设你已经处理好了所有基本问题，比如抵押贷款、养老金、保险以及确保自己拥有足够的现金储备。\n然后，你应该确立自己个人的奋斗目标（或目标）。\n这部分是由于个人情况造成的，另一部分则是心理因素在起作用。\n例如，如果你年纪较大，那么你从重大损失中恢复过来的时间就会更少，因此你可能会希望增加自己的养老金收入。\n因此，保护你的资本并赚取额外收入是你最主要的优先事项。\n在这种情况下，你可能会构建一个投资组合，其中包含一些股票（但不是高风险股票）、英国国债（gilts）以及现金存款。\n也许还包括可转换债券（convertibles），或是分割资本投资信托的收益份额（income shares）。\n如果你比较年轻，且财务状况良好，\n你可以选择采取一种激进的做法——但前提是你必须具备乐观的心态，且不会因为股价的波动而夜不能寐。\n如果你在这段描述中看到了自己的影子……\n你可以在自己的投资组合中，除了那些较为稳健的投资之外，也加入一些高增长性的股票。\n一旦你确定了自己的投资目标，就可以决定将资金投向何处了。\n这里的黄金法则是分散风险：如果你把所有的钱都投到 Periwigs International 公司里，\n你就是在听天由命了。",
+    "text": "There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities. \nBut if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter. \nThe serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' --a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. \nBut exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?\n\nWell, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, \nyou're likely to get five different answers, \n--  even if you give all the relevant information about your age, family, finances and what you want from your investments. \nMoral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio. \nHowever, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers \nwould have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs. \nSo what should you do? \nWe'll assume that you have sorted out the basics--like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. \nYou should then establish your own individual aims. \nThese are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology. \nFor instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. \nSo preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. \nIn this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, \nand perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.\n\nIf you are younger, and in a solid financial position, \nyou may decide to take an aggressive approach--but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices. \nIf you recognize yourself in this description, \nyou might include a couple of heady growth stocks in your portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian investments. \nOnce you have decided on your investment aims you can then decide where to put your money. \nThe golden rule here is spread your risk--if you put all of your money into Periwigs International, \nyou're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.\n\n*'Periwigs' is the name of a fictitious company. --INVESTOR'S CHRONICLE, March 23 1990--",
+    "textTranslate": "到处都有那些提供“快速致富”机会的所谓投资顾问。 \n但如果你是一位认真的私人投资者，那就把那种“拉斯维加斯式”的消费心态留给那些有钱挥霍的人吧。 \n一位精明的投资者需要一个合理的“投资组合”——即一系列经过精心策划的投资项目，这些投资项目应具有明确的结构和清晰的目标。 \n但是，对于一个刚进入股票市场的新人来说，究竟应该如何实现这一目标呢？ \n\n那么，如果你去找五家信誉良好的股票经纪公司，询问他们你应该如何处理自己的资金， \n你很可能会得到五个不同的答案。 \n——即使你提供了所有关于自己年龄、家庭状况、财务状况以及你对投资的具体期望的相关信息。 \n结论？其实，并没有一种“正确”的方式来构建投资组合。 \n然而，无疑存在一些错误的做法；您可以放心，我们的五位顾问中没有任何一个人会采用这些错误的做法。 \n会建议你把所有的钱都投入到 Periwigs 公司。 \n那么你应该怎么做呢？ \n我们假设你已经处理好了所有基本问题，比如抵押贷款、养老金、保险以及确保自己拥有足够的现金储备。 \n然后，你应该确立自己个人的奋斗目标（或目标）。 \n这部分是由于个人情况造成的，另一部分则是心理因素在起作用。 \n例如，如果你年纪较大，那么你从重大损失中恢复过来的时间就会更少，因此你可能会希望增加自己的养老金收入。 \n因此，保护你的资本并赚取额外收入是你最主要的优先事项。 \n在这种情况下，你可能会构建一个投资组合，其中包含一些股票（但不是高风险股票）、英国国债（gilts）以及现金存款。 \n也许还包括可转换债券（convertibles），或是分割资本投资信托的收益份额（income shares）。 \n\n如果你比较年轻，且财务状况良好， \n你可以选择采取一种激进的做法——但前提是你必须具备乐观的心态，且不会因为股价的波动而夜不能寐。 \n如果你在这段描述中看到了自己的影子…… \n你可以在自己的投资组合中，除了那些较为稳健的投资之外，也加入一些高增长性的股票。 \n一旦你确定了自己的投资目标，就可以决定将资金投向何处了。 \n这里的黄金法则是分散风险：如果你把所有的钱都投到 Periwigs International 公司里， \n你就是在听天由命了。 \n\n*“Periwigs”是一家虚构公司的名字。 --投资者年鉴，1990年3月23日--",
     "newWords": [],
-    "textAllWords": [],
     "audioSrc": "/sound/article/nce4/48－Planning a Share Portfolio.mp3",
-    "lrcPosition": [[19.17,24.88],[24.88,32.41],[32.41,41.88],[41.88,48.15],[48.15,54.44],[54.44,57.32],[57.32,65.48],[65.48,70.44],[70.44,77.23],[77.23,83.36],[83.36,85.21000000000001],[85.21000000000001,94],[94,97.56],[97.56,103.67],[103.67,113.09],[113.09,119.36],[119.36,129],[129,135.11],[135.11,139.49],[139.49,149.68],[149.68,152.72],[152.72,160.96],[160.96,167.65],[167.65,175.44],[175.44,null]],
+    "audioFileId": "",
+    "lrcPosition": [[19.17,24.88],[24.88,32.41],[32.41,41.88],[41.88,48.15],[48.15,54.44],[54.44,57.32],[57.32,65.48],[65.48,70.44],[70.44,77.23],[77.23,83.36],[83.36,85.21],[85.21,94],[94,97.56],[97.56,103.67],[103.67,113.09],[113.09,119.36],[119.36,129],[129,135.11],[135.11,139.49],[139.49,149.68],[149.68,152.72],[152.72,160.96],[160.96,167.65],[167.65,175.44],[175.44,null],[]],
     "questions": [],
+    "nameList": [],
+    "textAllWords": [],
     "question": {
       "start": 10.35,
       "text": "How does the older investor differ in his approach to investment from the younger investor?",
       "translate": "年长的投资者在投资方式上与年轻的投资者有何不同？",
       "end": 19.17
     }
-  }]
+  }
+]

src/hooks/article.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { getDefaultArticleWord, getDefaultDict } from "@/types/func.ts"
 import { useSettingStore } from "@/stores/setting.ts"
 import { useBaseStore } from "@/stores/base.ts"
 import { useRuntimeStore } from "@/stores/runtime.ts"
+import { nanoid } from 'nanoid'
 
 function parseSentence(sentence: string) {
   // 先统一一些常见的“智能引号” -> 直引号，避免匹配问题
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ export function syncBookInMyStudyList(study = false) {
     if (!temp.custom && temp.id !== DictId.articleCollect) {
       temp.custom = true
       if (!temp.id.includes('_custom')) {
-        temp.id += '_custom'
+        temp.id += '_custom_' + nanoid(6)
       }
     }
     temp.length = temp.articles.length

src/pages/article/PracticeArticles.vue

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ import { getPracticeArticleCache, setPracticeArticleCache } from '@/utils/cache.
 import { emitter, EventKey, useEvents } from '@/utils/eventBus.ts'
 import { computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, provide, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { nanoid } from 'nanoid'
 
 const store = useBaseStore()
 const runtimeStore = useRuntimeStore()
@@ -354,7 +355,7 @@ function saveArticle(val: Article) {
   setArticle(val)
   store.sbook.custom = true
   if (!store.sbook.id.includes('_custom')) {
-    store.sbook.id += '_custom'
+    store.sbook.id += '_custom_' + nanoid(6)
   }
 }
 

src/pages/article/components/EditArticle.vue

@@ -2,17 +2,8 @@
 import { Article, Sentence, TranslateEngine } from '@/types/types.ts'
 import BaseButton from '@/components/BaseButton.vue'
 import EditAbleText from '@/components/EditAbleText.vue'
-import {
-  getNetworkTranslate,
-  getSentenceAllText,
-  getSentenceAllTranslateText,
-} from '@/hooks/translate.ts'
-import {
-  genArticleSectionData,
-  splitCNArticle2,
-  splitEnArticle2,
-  usePlaySentenceAudio,
-} from '@/hooks/article.ts'
+import { getNetworkTranslate, getSentenceAllText, getSentenceAllTranslateText } from '@/hooks/translate.ts'
+import { genArticleSectionData, splitCNArticle2, splitEnArticle2, usePlaySentenceAudio } from '@/hooks/article.ts'
 import { _nextTick, _parseLRC, cloneDeep, last } from '@/utils'
 import { defineAsyncComponent, watch } from 'vue'
 import Empty from '@/components/Empty.vue'
@@ -52,7 +43,7 @@ const emit = defineEmits<{
 let networkTranslateEngine = $ref('baidu')
 let progress = $ref(0)
 let failCount = $ref(0)
-let textareaRef = $ref<HTMLTextAreaElement>()
+let resultRef = $ref<HTMLDivElement>()
 const TranslateEngineOptions = [
   // {value: 'youdao', label: '有道'},
   { value: 'baidu', label: '百度' },
@@ -67,6 +58,9 @@ watch(
     progress = 0
     failCount = 0
     apply(false)
+    _nextTick(() => {
+      resultRef?.scrollTo(0,0)
+    })
   },
   { immediate: true }
 )
@@ -225,7 +219,7 @@ function handleChange(e: any) {
                 let s = lrcList[k]
                 // let d = Comparison.default.cosine.similarity(w.text, s.text)
                 // d = Comparison.default.levenshtein.similarity(w.text, s.text)
-               let d = Comparison.default.longestCommonSubsequence.similarity(w.text, s.text)
+                let d = Comparison.default.longestCommonSubsequence.similarity(w.text, s.text)
                 // d = Comparison.default.metricLcs.similarity(w.text, s.text)
                 // console.log(w.text, s.text, d)
                 if (d >= 0.8) {
@@ -309,10 +303,7 @@ function recordStart() {
     sentenceAudioRef.play()
   }
   editSentence.audioPosition[0] = Number(sentenceAudioRef.currentTime.toFixed(2))
-  if (
-    editSentence.audioPosition[0] > editSentence.audioPosition[1] &&
-    editSentence.audioPosition[1] !== 0
-  ) {
+  if (editSentence.audioPosition[0] > editSentence.audioPosition[1] && editSentence.audioPosition[1] !== 0) {
     editSentence.audioPosition[1] = editSentence.audioPosition[0]
   }
 }
@@ -329,9 +320,7 @@ const { playSentenceAudio } = usePlaySentenceAudio()
 function saveLrcPosition() {
   // showEditAudioDialog = false
   currentSentence.audioPosition = cloneDeep(editSentence.audioPosition)
-  editArticle.lrcPosition = editArticle.sections
-    .map((v, i) => v.map((w, j) => w.audioPosition ?? []))
-    .flat()
+  editArticle.lrcPosition = editArticle.sections.map((v, i) => v.map((w, j) => w.audioPosition ?? [])).flat()
 }
 
 function jumpAudio(time: number) {
@@ -414,17 +403,13 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
               <ol class="py-0 pl-5 my-0 text-base color-main">
                 <li>复制原文，然后分句</li>
                 <li>
-                  点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">分句</span> 按钮进行自动分句<span
-                    class="color-red font-bold"
-                  >
+                  点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">分句</span> 按钮进行自动分句<span class="color-red font-bold">
                     或</span
                   >
                   手动编辑分句
                 </li>
                 <li>分句规则：一行一句，段落间空一行</li>
-                <li>
-                  修改完成后点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">应用</span> 按钮同步到左侧结果栏
-                </li>
+                <li>修改完成后点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">应用</span> 按钮同步到左侧结果栏</li>
               </ol>
             </div>
           </template>
@@ -454,16 +439,9 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
       />
       <div class="justify-between items-center flex">
         <div class="flex gap-space items-center w-50">
-          <BaseButton @click="startNetworkTranslate" :loading="progress !== 0 && progress !== 100"
-            >翻译
-          </BaseButton>
+          <BaseButton @click="startNetworkTranslate" :loading="progress !== 0 && progress !== 100">翻译 </BaseButton>
           <Select v-model="networkTranslateEngine">
-            <Option
-              v-for="item in TranslateEngineOptions"
-              :key="item.value"
-              :label="item.label"
-              :value="item.value"
-            />
+            <Option v-for="item in TranslateEngineOptions" :key="item.value" :label="item.label" :value="item.value" />
           </Select>
           {{ progress }}%
         </div>
@@ -474,9 +452,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
               <div>
                 <div class="mb-2">使用方法</div>
                 <ol class="py-0 pl-5 my-0 text-base color-black/60">
-                  <li>
-                    复制译文，如果没有请点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">翻译</span> 按钮
-                  </li>
+                  <li>复制译文，如果没有请点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">翻译</span> 按钮</li>
                   <li>
                     点击 <span class="color-red font-bold">分句</span> 按钮进行自动分句<span
                       class="color-red font-bold"
@@ -521,7 +497,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
               </BaseIcon>
             </div>
           </div>
-          <div class="article-translate">
+          <div class="article-translate" ref="resultRef">
             <div class="section rounded-md" v-for="(item, indexI) in editArticle.sections">
               <div class="section-title text-lg font-bold">第{{ indexI + 1 }}段</div>
               <div class="sentence" v-for="(sentence, indexJ) in item">
@@ -546,23 +522,17 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
                       <div class="flex gap-1">
                         <BaseIcon
                           @click="setStartTime(sentence, indexI, indexJ)"
-                          :title="
-                            indexI === 0 && indexJ === 0 ? '设置开始时间' : '使用前一句的结束时间'
-                          "
+                          :title="indexI === 0 && indexJ === 0 ? '设置开始时间' : '使用前一句的结束时间'"
                         >
                           <IconFluentMyLocation20Regular v-if="indexI === 0 && indexJ === 0" />
                           <IconFluentPaddingLeft20Regular v-else />
                         </BaseIcon>
-                        <BaseIcon @click="minusStartTime(sentence)" title="减 0.3 秒">
-                          -.3s
-                        </BaseIcon>
+                        <BaseIcon @click="minusStartTime(sentence)" title="减 0.3 秒"> -.3s </BaseIcon>
                       </div>
                     </div>
                     <div>-</div>
                     <div class="flex flex-col items-center justify-center">
-                      <div v-if="sentence.audioPosition?.[1] !== -1">
-                        {{ sentence.audioPosition?.[1] ?? 0 }}s
-                      </div>
+                      <div v-if="sentence.audioPosition?.[1] !== -1">{{ sentence.audioPosition?.[1] ?? 0 }}s</div>
                       <div v-else>结束</div>
                       <BaseIcon @click="setEndTime(sentence, indexI, indexJ)" title="设置结束时间">
                         <IconFluentMyLocation20Regular />
@@ -571,9 +541,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
                   </div>
                   <div class="flex flex-col">
                     <BaseIcon
-                      :icon="
-                        sentence.audioPosition?.length ? 'basil:edit-outline' : 'basil:add-outline'
-                      "
+                      :icon="sentence.audioPosition?.length ? 'basil:edit-outline' : 'basil:add-outline'"
                       title="编辑音频对齐"
                       @click="handleShowEditAudioDialog(sentence, indexI, indexJ)"
                     >
@@ -609,9 +577,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
           </div>
           <div>
             <BaseButton @click="save('save')">保存</BaseButton>
-            <BaseButton v-if="type === 'batch'" @click="save('saveAndNext')"
-              >保存并添加下一篇</BaseButton
-            >
+            <BaseButton v-if="type === 'batch'" @click="save('saveAndNext')">保存并添加下一篇</BaseButton>
           </div>
         </div>
       </template>
@@ -630,23 +596,13 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
           <span class="color-red">记录</span> 按钮；当播放到句子结束时，点击结束时间的
           <span class="color-red">记录</span> 按钮，最后再试听是否正确
         </div>
-        <ArticleAudio
-          ref="sentenceAudioRef"
-          :article="editArticle"
-          :autoplay="false"
-          class="w-full"
-        />
-        <div
-          class="flex items-center gap-2 justify-between mb-2"
-          v-if="editSentence.audioPosition?.length"
-        >
+        <ArticleAudio ref="sentenceAudioRef" :article="editArticle" :autoplay="false" class="w-full" />
+        <div class="flex items-center gap-2 justify-between mb-2" v-if="editSentence.audioPosition?.length">
           <div>{{ editSentence.text }}</div>
           <div class="flex items-center gap-2 shrink-0">
             <div>
               <span>{{ editSentence.audioPosition?.[0] }}s</span>
-              <span v-if="editSentence.audioPosition?.[1] !== -1">
-                - {{ editSentence.audioPosition?.[1] }}s</span
-              >
+              <span v-if="editSentence.audioPosition?.[1] !== -1"> - {{ editSentence.audioPosition?.[1] }}s</span>
               <span v-else> - 结束</span>
             </div>
             <BaseIcon title="播放" @click="playSentenceAudio(editSentence, sentenceAudioRef)">
@@ -674,21 +630,13 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
                   <IconFluentPaddingLeft20Regular />
                 </BaseIcon>
                 <BaseIcon
-                  @click="
-                    editSentence.audioPosition[0] = Number(
-                      (editSentence.audioPosition[0] - 0.3).toFixed(2)
-                    )
-                  "
+                  @click="editSentence.audioPosition[0] = Number((editSentence.audioPosition[0] - 0.3).toFixed(2))"
                   title="减少 0.3 秒"
                 >
                   -.3s
                 </BaseIcon>
                 <BaseIcon
-                  @click="
-                    editSentence.audioPosition[0] = Number(
-                      (editSentence.audioPosition[0] + 0.3).toFixed(2)
-                    )
-                  "
+                  @click="editSentence.audioPosition[0] = Number((editSentence.audioPosition[0] + 0.3).toFixed(2))"
                   title="增加 0.3 秒"
                 >
                   +.3s
@@ -703,9 +651,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
               <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
                 <InputNumber v-model="editSentence.audioPosition[1]" :precision="2" :step="0.1" />
                 <span>或</span>
-                <BaseButton size="small" @click="editSentence.audioPosition[1] = -1"
-                  >结束</BaseButton
-                >
+                <BaseButton size="small" @click="editSentence.audioPosition[1] = -1">结束</BaseButton>
               </div>
               <BaseButton @click="recordEnd">记录</BaseButton>
             </div>
@@ -714,12 +660,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
       </div>
     </Dialog>
 
-    <Dialog
-      title="音频管理"
-      v-model="showAudioDialog"
-      :footer="false"
-      @close="showAudioDialog = false"
-    >
+    <Dialog title="音频管理" v-model="showAudioDialog" :footer="false" @close="showAudioDialog = false">
       <div class="p-4 pt-0 color-main w-150 flex flex-col gap-2">
         <div class="">
           1、上传的文件保存在本地电脑上，更换电脑数据将丢失，请及时备份数据
@@ -748,13 +689,7 @@ function minusStartTime(val: Sentence) {
       </div>
     </Dialog>
 
-    <Dialog
-      title="人名管理"
-      v-model="showNameDialog"
-      :footer="true"
-      @close="showNameDialog = false"
-      @ok="saveNameList"
-    >
+    <Dialog title="人名管理" v-model="showNameDialog" :footer="true" @close="showNameDialog = false" @ok="saveNameList">
       <div class="p-4 pt-0 color-main w-150 flex flex-col gap-3">
         <div class="flex justify-between items-center">
           <div class="text-base">配置需要忽略的人名，练习时自动忽略这些名称(可选，默认开启)</div>

src/pages/article/components/EditBook.vue

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import Form from "@/components/base/form/Form.vue";
 import FormItem from "@/components/base/form/FormItem.vue";
 import { addDict } from "@/apis";
 import { AppEnv } from "@/config/env.ts";
+import { nanoid } from 'nanoid'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   isAdd: boolean,
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ async function onSubmit() {
         if (!data.custom && ![DictId.wordKnown, DictId.wordWrong, DictId.wordCollect, DictId.articleCollect].includes(data.en_name || data.id)) {
           data.custom = true
           if (!data.id.includes('_custom')) {
-            data.id += '_custom'
+            data.id +='_custom_' + nanoid(6)
           }
         }
         runtimeStore.editDict = data

src/pages/word/DictDetail.vue

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ function syncDictInMyStudyList(study = false) {
     ) {
       temp.custom = true
       if (!temp.id.includes('_custom')) {
-        temp.id += '_custom'
+        temp.id += '_custom_' + nanoid(6)
       }
     }
     temp.length = temp.words.length

src/types/types.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export interface Sentence {
 }
 
 export interface Article {
-  id?: number
+  id?: number|string
   title: string
   titleTranslate: string
   text: string